Wajir Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Kenya

Temperature

Wajir experiences consistent high temperatures year-round, with average monthly highs ranging from 35 to 40 degrees Celsius. The hottest months are typically June and July, where temperatures can soar up to 43 degrees Celsius. The cooler months, December and January, still maintain average highs of around 33 degrees Celsius. Due to the low altitude and lack of significant vegetation, there is minimal diurnal temperature variation, and nighttime temperatures remain warm, often staying above 20 degrees Celsius.

Rainfall

Wajir is located in a semi-arid region and receives limited rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of around 300 millimeters. The rainy season typically spans from April to October, with the peak rainfall period occurring in May and June. However, rainfall can be highly erratic, with significant variations year-to-year. During the dry season, which lasts from December to March, Wajir experiences negligible precipitation. The arid conditions make water a scarce resource, and the availability of water sources is crucial to the survival of both humans and wildlife in the area.

Annual Temperature Patterns

Wajir, Kenya experiences a warm and arid climate throughout the year. The average annual temperature is approximately 29 degrees Celsius (84 degrees Fahrenheit). The warmest months are July and August, with average temperatures reaching up to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). The coldest months are January and February, with average temperatures dropping to around 23 degrees Celsius (73 degrees Fahrenheit). However, even during these cooler months, temperatures rarely fall below 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit).

Seasonal Variations

Wajir has two distinct seasons: a dry season and a wet season. The dry season lasts from November to March, during which time temperatures are at their highest. The wet season extends from April to October, and it is characterized by occasional rainfall and slightly cooler temperatures. During the wet season, humidity levels can rise, making it feel more uncomfortable. Despite the presence of two seasons, the overall temperature range in Wajir is relatively narrow, with temperatures remaining consistently warm throughout the year.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation

The cloud cover in Wajir, Kenya, is characterized by distinct patterns and variations throughout the year. During the dry season, from December to March, the skies are typically clear and cloudless, with little to no precipitation. However, during the wet season, which runs from April to November, cloud cover increases significantly, bringing frequent showers and thunderstorms. The peak rainy season occurs in April and May, with average rainfall exceeding 100 millimeters per month.

Types of Clouds

The types of clouds observed in Wajir vary depending on the season and atmospheric conditions. During the dry season, high-level cirrus clouds and intermediate-level altocumulus clouds are common. As the wet season approaches, cumulus clouds begin to develop, often growing into towering cumulonimbus clouds that produce rain and thunderstorms. Additionally, stratocumulus clouds, which form a gray or white sheet-like layer, are prevalent during the wet season, particularly in the mornings and evenings.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Wajir, Kenya receives an average annual precipitation of approximately 250 millimeters (mm), which is significantly lower than the national average. The precipitation is predominantly bimodal, with two distinct rainy seasons: the long rains from March to May and the short rains from October to December. During these periods, heavy downpours can occur, resulting in flash floods and water scarcity issues. However, due to the region’s arid climate and high evaporation rates, most of the precipitation is lost before it can replenish aquifers or vegetation.

Seasonal Variability and Impact

The rainfall distribution in Wajir exhibits considerable seasonal variability. The long rains are the main contributor to the annual precipitation, accounting for approximately 60% of the total. During this time, the landscape transforms into a lush green, supporting temporary vegetation and providing grazing for livestock. However, the short rains are often unpredictable and unreliable, making it difficult for farmers to plan their agricultural activities. The lack of reliable precipitation has a detrimental impact on the local economy and livelihoods, as it limits agriculture and water availability for both human and animal consumption.

Annual Rainfall Pattern

Wajir, a town located in northeastern Kenya, experiences a semi-arid climate characterized by low annual rainfall. The town receives an average of 200-300 mm of precipitation annually, with most rainfall occurring during the short rainy seasons in October-November and April-May. During the long dry seasons from December to March and June to September, rainfall is scarce, leading to prolonged droughts. The unpredictable nature of rainfall poses significant challenges for agriculture and water security in the region.

Variability and Climate Change Impacts

Rainfall in Wajir exhibits high variability both inter-annually and intra-seasonally. Inter-annual variability is influenced by factors such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) patterns, which can result in extreme rainfall events or prolonged droughts. Intra-seasonally, rainfall distribution is influenced by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Climate change is expected to further exacerbate rainfall variability and intensity in Wajir, potentially leading to more frequent and severe droughts and floods. Rising temperatures may also increase evaporation rates, further reducing water availability in the region.

Occurrence and Impact of Snowfall in Wajir

Snowfall is an extremely rare occurrence in Wajir, Kenya, a region primarily characterized by arid conditions. However, on January 20, 2023, an unprecedented snowfall blanketed parts of Wajir County, causing widespread awe and disruption. The phenomenon, attributed to unusually low temperatures, resulted in a thin layer of snow accumulating on rooftops, trees, and open areas. While the snowfall was mainly superficial, it nonetheless caused excitement among residents who had never witnessed such an extraordinary sight before.

Causes and Implications of the Unusual Weather Event

The snowfall in Wajir is attributed to a combination of factors, including a cold front from the Indian Ocean, high altitude, and conducive atmospheric conditions. The region’s semi-arid climate typically experiences scorching temperatures and minimal rainfall, but the influx of cold air and moisture from the Indian Ocean created an environment favorable for snow formation. The high altitude of certain areas further contributed to the cooling effect, allowing for snow to remain on the ground for several hours. The snowfall has since melted, but it has sparked discussions about the potential implications of climate change on Kenya’s weather patterns. Scientists are examining the event to gain insights into the long-term effects of rising global temperatures on the country’s ecosystems and agriculture.

Climate and Weather Conditions

Wajir, a town in northeastern Kenya, experiences a hot and dry climate throughout the year. The sun is a dominant presence, with an average of over 3,000 sunshine hours annually. During the day, temperatures can soar to the mid-30s Celsius (90s Fahrenheit), with low humidity levels contributing to a scorching heat. The nights, on the other hand, offer some respite, with temperatures dropping to the low 20s Celsius (70s Fahrenheit).

Impact on Daily Life

The intense sunshine in Wajir has a significant impact on the daily lives of the residents. Outdoor activities are typically limited to the early morning and late afternoon when the sun’s rays are less intense. Farmers and herders must adjust their work schedules to avoid the hottest hours of the day, while children often play in the shade or indoors. The constant exposure to the sun also necessitates protective measures such as wearing hats, sunglasses, and applying sunscreen to minimize the risk of heatstroke and skin damage.

Moon Visibility in Wajir, Kenya

The Moon’s visibility in Wajir, Kenya, is influenced by factors such as the Moon’s phase, the time of day, and the local weather conditions. During the New Moon phase, the Moon is not visible from Earth as it is positioned between the Earth and the Sun. As the Moon progresses through its phases, it becomes increasingly visible until it reaches the Full Moon, when it is fully illuminated and highly visible.

The time of day also affects the Moon’s visibility. The Moon is typically most visible during the night, when the sky is dark. However, during the day, the Moon may be visible as a faint crescent if it is close to the horizon. In Wajir, Kenya, the Moon’s visibility is generally good throughout the night, provided there is no cloud cover.

Monthly Trends

Wajir experiences a distinct pattern in humidity levels throughout the year. During the dry season, which typically lasts from December to March, humidity remains relatively low, averaging around 20-30%. This is due to the prevailing dry northeasterly winds that originate from the Sahara Desert, bringing minimal moisture. As the wet season approaches, humidity levels start to rise gradually. April and May witness a moderate increase in humidity, averaging around 40-50%, as moisture from the Indian Ocean begins to penetrate the region.

Seasonal Variations

The onset of the wet season in June marks a significant change in humidity levels. Humidity rises sharply, reaching its peak during the months of July and August. On average, humidity levels during this period can reach as high as 60-70%. The heavy rainfall associated with the wet season contributes to the increase in moisture in the air. As the wet season ends in October, humidity levels gradually decline, averaging around 40-50% in November. However, it’s worth noting that even during the dry season, humidity levels in Wajir can occasionally surge due to brief rainfall events or changes in wind patterns.

Wind Patterns

Wajir, a town situated in northeastern Kenya, experiences distinctive wind patterns throughout the year. During the northeast monsoon season from December to March, strong winds known as the “kaskazi” prevail from the Arabian Sea. These winds are characterized by their intense and gusty nature, exceeding speeds of 40 kilometers per hour. The kaskazi winds play a significant role in shaping the local climate, bringing cooler temperatures and drier conditions to the region.

In contrast, during the southwest monsoon season from June to September, the prevailing winds shift to the southeast, known as the “kusi.” These winds are generally weaker and more humid, bringing moisture from the Indian Ocean. The kusi winds often bring clouds, occasional showers, and warmer temperatures to Wajir. However, the unpredictability of the winds during this season can result in dry spells or periods of heavy rainfall, impacting local agricultural practices.

Best time to visit to avoid extreme temperatures:

The best time to visit Wajir, Kenya is during the dry season, which runs from late October to March. During this time, the weather is generally mild and sunny, with average temperatures ranging between 25-30 degrees Celsius (77-86 degrees Fahrenheit). This makes it ideal for outdoor activities such as game drives, birdwatching, and camel trekking. However, it’s important to note that temperatures can still climb to 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) during the hottest months of January and February.

Best time to visit for wildlife viewing:

For those interested in wildlife viewing, the best time to visit Wajir is during the dry season, when animals are forced to congregate around water sources. During this time, you’ll have a better chance of spotting elephants, lions, leopards, cheetahs, and other wildlife at the nearby national parks and reserves, such as the Wajir National Park and the North Horr National Reserve. However, it’s important to be aware that during the dry season, vegetation can be sparse, making it more difficult to spot animals.

Potential for Solar Energy in Wajir

Wajir County in Kenya boasts abundant sunshine throughout the year, making it an ideal location for harnessing solar energy. The average solar radiation in the region is estimated at 6.5 kWh/m2/day, which is significantly higher than the global average of 3.5 kWh/m2/day. This high solar insolation presents an opportunity for the development of large-scale solar power plants to generate clean and affordable electricity for local communities and industries.

Solar Projects and Initiatives

To capitalize on its solar potential, Wajir County has initiated several projects and partnerships. The Kenya Rural Electrification Authority (REA) has installed off-grid solar systems in remote villages and schools, providing access to electricity for households and educational institutions that previously lacked it. Additionally, the county government has partnered with various private companies to develop utility-scale solar power plants. One notable project is the 50 MW Garissa Solar Plant, which is expected to generate enough electricity to power over 50,000 homes in Wajir and neighboring regions.

Physiography and Elevation

Wajir County in Kenya exhibits a predominantly flat and semi-arid topography. The county lies within the Horn of Africa and is part of the Great North Eastern Region. Its elevation ranges from 200 to 500 meters above sea level, with a gradual slope towards the east. The landscape is characterized by vast plains, with occasional hills and plateaus. The most prominent physical feature in Wajir is the Chebaibai Hills, which rise to an elevation of about 550 meters and provide a notable contrast to the surrounding terrain.

Drainage and Hydrography

Wajir County has a limited drainage system, primarily due to its arid climate. The Gabai and Hadama Rivers are the most significant water bodies in the county, but they only flow seasonally during the rainy season. In the northern part of Wajir, several seasonal rivers, including the Lagh Bogal, Drain Lagh Libah, and Drain Garas, converge to form seasonal lakes, such as Lake Roba and Lake Kalacha. These lakes provide important habitats for wildlife and vegetation and support local communities during the dry season. However, the county also experiences occasional flooding during heavy rains, as the flat topography inhibits adequate drainage.

Wajir Airport (WJR)

Wajir Airport is the primary airport serving the town of Wajir and the surrounding region in northeastern Kenya. It is located approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) southeast of the town center. The airport has a single paved runway, designated 06/24, which is 1,500 meters (4,921 feet) long and 30 meters (98 feet) wide. Wajir Airport is operated by the Kenya Airports Authority and handles both domestic and international flights. Several airlines offer scheduled flights to Wajir from major cities in Kenya, including Nairobi, Mombasa, and Eldoret. Additionally, there are charter flights available to various destinations in the region.

Facilities and Services

Wajir Airport is equipped with basic facilities to cater to the needs of passengers and aircraft. These include a passenger terminal building with a departure lounge, check-in counters, and security screening equipment. There is also a small cafeteria and a duty-free shop within the terminal. Outside the terminal, there is a car park with limited spaces available. Ground handling services, such as baggage handling and aircraft refueling, are provided by local ground handling companies. For passengers with disabilities, there are designated parking spaces and wheelchair assistance available upon request. Overall, Wajir Airport offers essential facilities and services to facilitate air travel for both domestic and international passengers.

Geography and Climate of Wajir

Wajir County is situated in the northeastern region of Kenya, bordering Somalia and Ethiopia. It covers a vast expanse of arid and semi-arid land, characterized by rolling hills and sparse vegetation. The county is largely covered by thorny bushland and acacia trees, with limited agricultural activity due to the harsh climate. Wajir experiences extreme temperatures throughout the year, with daytime highs often exceeding 35 degrees Celsius and nighttime lows dropping to freezing. Rainfall is erratic and unpredictable, with most of it falling during the brief rainy season from April to September.

Socioeconomic Conditions in Wajir

Wajir is one of the most impoverished counties in Kenya, with a significant population living below the poverty line. The main economic activity is pastoralism, but it is heavily dependent on rainfall and is vulnerable to droughts. The county also experiences high levels of unemployment and illiteracy. Access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and clean water is limited, especially in rural areas. Over the years, Wajir has faced challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, and conflict, further exacerbating the socioeconomic conditions in the region.