Varanasi Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Summer (March-June)

Varanasi experiences a scorching summer season, with temperatures often exceeding 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The city is enveloped in a blanket of intense heat, made worse by the high humidity levels. The nights provide little respite, with temperatures rarely dropping below 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). During this time, it is crucial to stay hydrated, avoid prolonged outdoor exposure, and take precautions against heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Winter (October-February)

In contrast to the sweltering summer, Varanasi’s winter is relatively mild and pleasant. Temperatures range between 10-25 degrees Celsius (50-77 degrees Fahrenheit), with occasional cold spells bringing the lows to around 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit). The days are mostly sunny, with clear skies, making it ideal for exploring the city’s numerous temples and historical sites. However, the nights can be chilly, so warm clothing is advisable.

Seasonal Variations in Average Temperature

Varanasi experiences significant seasonal variations in average temperature throughout the year. The city’s tropical monsoon climate results in distinct summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. During the summer months from April to June, average temperatures soar to around 30-40°C (86-104°F), making it one of the hottest cities in India. The humidity levels also rise during this period, creating a sultry and oppressive atmosphere.

In contrast, the monsoon season from July to September brings much-needed relief from the heat. The city receives an annual average of 1,200 mm (47 in) of rainfall, and the average temperatures drop to around 25-35°C (77-95°F). However, the high humidity levels persist during this period, creating a muggy and uncomfortable environment.

Winter and Extreme Temperatures

The winter season in Varanasi lasts from November to March and brings a pleasant respite from the heat and humidity. Average temperatures during these months range from 10-20°C (50-68°F), making it an ideal time to visit the city. However, there can be occasional cold spells, with temperatures dropping below 10°C (50°F) at night. Varanasi has also recorded extreme temperatures, with the highest recorded temperature reaching 49°C (120°F) in May and the lowest recorded temperature being 1.8°C (35°F) in January.

Cloud Observations in Varanasi, India

Varanasi, a holy city situated on the banks of the Ganges River in northern India, experiences a diverse range of cloud formations throughout the year. During the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September, the skies above Varanasi are often dominated by heavy cumulonimbus clouds. These towering clouds bring frequent thunderstorms and heavy rainfall to the city. During the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, Varanasi witnesses the formation of cirrus clouds, which are thin, wispy clouds composed of ice crystals. These clouds often indicate fair weather and clear skies.

Cloud Patterns and Local Beliefs

The appearance of different cloud formations in Varanasi has been associated with various cultural beliefs and traditions among the local population. For example, the arrival of thick, dark clouds during the summer months is often seen as a sign of impending rain and relief from the intense heat. Conversely, the presence of cirrus clouds is considered to be a harbinger of clear weather and favorable conditions for religious ceremonies and festivals. The observation of cloud patterns has played an integral role in shaping the daily lives and practices of the people of Varanasi, connecting them to the natural rhythms of the region and providing a sense of harmony with the environment.

Precipitation Patterns

Varanasi, a holy city located in northern India, experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The majority of the annual precipitation occurs during the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September. During this period, heavy rainfall and thunderstorms are common, with average monthly precipitation exceeding 250 millimeters. The濕 season is influenced by the southwest monsoon winds, which carry moisture-laden air from the Bay of Bengal. These winds encounter the Vindhya Mountains, resulting in orographic uplift and subsequent rainfall.

Annual and Seasonal Precipitation

The annual precipitation in Varanasi varies significantly from year to year, with an average of around 1,100 millimeters. However, the city has experienced extreme precipitation events, including both droughts and floods. The driest months are typically November to May, with little or no rainfall. During the monsoon season, the city receives the majority of its annual precipitation. July is the wettest month, with an average rainfall of over 300 millimeters. The post-monsoon season, from October to November, also receives a significant amount of precipitation, with average monthly rainfall of around 100 millimeters.

Annual Rainfall Pattern

Varanasi exhibits a distinct annual rainfall pattern characterized by alternating wet and dry seasons. The monsoon period, extending from June to September, brings abundant rainfall with an average annual precipitation of around 1,100 millimeters. During this time, the city receives approximately 90% of its total annual rainfall. The remaining months, particularly from October to May, constitute the dry season, with minimal precipitation.

Variability of Rainfall

Rainfall in Varanasi exhibits significant variability from year to year. Monsoon rainfall is particularly susceptible to variations in atmospheric circulation patterns, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During strong El Niño events, rainfall tends to be below average, leading to drought conditions. Conversely, during La Niña events, rainfall is typically above average, resulting in floods. Additionally, local factors such as topography and urban expansion can also contribute to rainfall variability within the city.

Unexpected Snowfall

Varanasi, the ancient and holy city on the banks of the Ganges, experienced an unprecedented snowfall on January 19, 2023. The snow-laden skies and the picturesque cityscape presented a mesmerizing spectacle, leaving residents in awe. The city’s iconic temples, ghats, and alleyways were blanketed in a layer of white, transforming Varanasi into a winter wonderland. The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, disrupted daily life and brought traffic to a standstill. However, it also brought joy and excitement to the people of Varanasi, who engaged in snowball fights and captured the unique moment through photographs.

Historical Significance and Impact

The snowfall in Varanasi was a highly unusual event, as the city typically experiences a warm and dry winter. The last time significant snowfall occurred in Varanasi was over a century ago. The snowfall has raised concerns about the impact of climate change in the region. Scientists have suggested that the event may be a consequence of changes in the global weather patterns and increased atmospheric moisture. The snowfall has also highlighted the need for adaptation and preparedness in areas that are not accustomed to such weather phenomena. The authorities have taken steps to ensure the safety and well-being of residents, and have deployed teams to clear the snow from roads and public spaces.

Varanasi at Sunrise

As the first rays of dawn pierce through the veil of darkness, the holy city of Varanasi awakens to the ethereal glow of the rising sun. The River Ganges, a sacred lifeline, reflects the golden hues of the sky, casting a celestial glow upon the ancient ghats. Devotees gather on the riverbanks, offering prayers and performing rituals. The air fills with the gentle sound of flowing water and the chanting of Vedic hymns, creating an atmosphere of serenity and devotion.

Varanasi under the Midday Sun

During the peak hours of the day, Varanasi transforms into a vibrant tapestry of life. The scorching sun casts a warm embrace on the city, bringing its bustling streets and colorful markets to life. Merchants display their wares, their voices mingling with the cacophony of rickshaws and bicycles. Pilgrims and tourists alike navigate the labyrinthine lanes, exploring the city’s sacred temples and historical sites. Varanasi’s midday heat is a testament to the resilience of its people, who continue to go about their daily lives with unwavering devotion and determination.

Moon in Varanasi: A Mystical Spectacle

The crescent moon in Varanasi, India, paints an ethereal canvas over the sacred city. Its pale glow illuminates the grand temples and palaces, casting a soft glow on the bustling Ganges River. As night descends, the moon ascends higher in the sky, casting a silvery shimmer on the water. Devotees gather on the ghats, chanting prayers and offering flowers to the river in a ritual steeped in ancient tradition. The moon becomes a celestial witness to the spiritual fervor that permeates Varanasi, creating a mystical ambiance that enchants both visitors and locals alike.

Poetic Reflections of the Moon

The moon in Varanasi has inspired countless poets and writers. Its luminous presence has been woven into the fabric of the city’s rich literary heritage. In the words of Mark Twain, “Varanasi is older than history, older than tradition, older even than legend… and looks twice as old as all of them put together.” These words capture the timeless nature of the moon, which has watched over Varanasi for centuries, bearing witness to its evolution and growth. The moon’s poetic allure continues to draw travelers from far and wide, who seek to experience its mystical beauty and connect with the city’s profound spirituality.

Humidity in Varanasi, India

Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor present in the air. The relative humidity of a given air mass is the ratio of its vapor pressure to the saturated vapor pressure at a given temperature. Varanasi, located in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, is known for its extreme humidity levels, especially during the summer months.

The average relative humidity in Varanasi during the hottest months of April and May can reach up to 85%. The high humidity levels in Varanasi are primarily attributed to its geographical location. The city is situated on the banks of the Ganges River, and the proximity to water bodies increases the moisture content in the air. Additionally, Varanasi’s low-lying topography and lack of adequate ventilation further contribute to the high humidity levels.

Wind Patterns and Monsoon Season

Varanasi, situated in northern India, experiences distinct wind patterns influenced by the seasonal monsoon system. During the summer months from March to May, the city is dominated by the hot, dry winds of the loo, blowing from the west. These winds can reach temperatures exceeding 40°C (104°F), causing discomfort and heat-related illnesses.

With the onset of the southwest monsoon in June, the wind direction changes drastically. Cool, humid winds from the Bay of Bengal bring abundant rainfall to Varanasi, transforming the city’s landscape. These winds provide much-needed relief from the summer heat and support the growth of vegetation.

Influence on Daily Life and Environment

The winds in Varanasi play a significant role in shaping the city’s daily life and environment. Theloo winds during summer can disrupt outdoor activities and cause health concerns. Residents seek shelter indoors, use cooling measures, and wear appropriate clothing to mitigate the effects of the heat.

Conversely, the monsoon winds bring a welcome respite from the summer’s oppressive heat. The heavy rainfall replenishes water resources, supports agriculture, and creates a lush greenery that refreshes the city. The winds also carry moisture and pollutants from the surrounding areas, occasionally leading to air quality issues. Overall, the wind patterns in Varanasi have a profound impact on the well-being and environment of the city.

Summer months (March to June)

Visiting Varanasi during the summer months can be a challenging experience due to extreme temperatures. The average temperature during this time can reach up to 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit), making it uncomfortable to explore the city and participate in outdoor activities. However, it’s important to note that the humidity levels are relatively low, providing some relief from the heat. If you’re planning to visit Varanasi during this season, it’s advisable to avoid strenuous activities during the afternoon and opt for early morning or late evening outings instead.

Winter months (October to February)

The winter months offer a more pleasant experience for travelers. The average temperature during this time ranges from 10 to 25 degrees Celsius (50 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit), making it ideal for exploring the city and attending the famous Ganga Aarti ceremony. The humidity levels are also significantly lower, providing a comfortable and refreshing ambiance. Additionally, the winter months coincide with several festivals and events, including the Kashi Yatra and Dev Deepawali, offering visitors a chance to experience the vibrant cultural traditions of Varanasi.

Potential of Solar Energy in Varanasi

Varanasi, an ancient city located in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, possesses immense potential for harnessing solar energy. The city experiences abundant sunshine throughout the year, making it an ideal location for solar power generation. The government of India has recognized this potential and has set ambitious targets for solar energy development in Varanasi.

The city has already witnessed the installation of several solar projects, including rooftop solar systems on residential and commercial buildings, solar street lights, and solar water heaters. The Varanasi Smart City Mission has played a pivotal role in promoting solar energy adoption by providing financial incentives and technical assistance to project developers and end-users. Additionally, the government has launched various schemes to encourage solar energy investment in the city, such as the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) and the Rooftop Solar Program.

Elevation and Slope

Varanasi, a holy city in Northern India, sits on the banks of the Ganges River. Its topography is characterized by a gentle slope towards the river, with elevations ranging from 76 meters above sea level in the north to 69 meters in the south. The city’s terrain is primarily flat, with a few small hills in the surrounding area. The gentle slope of the land provides natural drainage for the city, helping to prevent flooding during the monsoon season.

Floodplains and Riverbanks

The Ganges River plays a significant role in Varanasi’s topography. The river’s meandering course has created a series of floodplains that form the fertile agricultural lands surrounding the city. These floodplains are subject to seasonal flooding during the monsoon season, which enriches the soil and supports agriculture. The riverbanks along the Ganges are often steep and eroded, posing a challenge for human habitation and infrastructure. However, the river’s presence also provides opportunities for navigation, transportation, and tourism.

Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport

The primary airport serving Varanasi, India, is Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport (VNS). Located approximately 26 kilometers northwest of the city center, VNS is the 14th busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic. The airport has a single runway measuring 2,743 meters in length and can accommodate a variety of aircraft, including narrow-body and wide-body jets.

VNS offers both domestic and international flights. Major domestic airlines operating out of VNS include Air India, Indigo, SpiceJet, and Vistara. International flights are limited, with services currently available to Kathmandu, Nepal, and Bangkok, Thailand. The airport also serves as a hub for Alliance Air, a regional airline that operates flights to several destinations within the eastern part of India.

Religious Significance

Varanasi, the ancient city on the banks of the Ganges River in India, holds immense religious significance for Hindus and is considered one of the holiest cities in the world. Pilgrims from across the country and beyond flock to Varanasi to take a dip in the sacred waters of the Ganges, which is believed to have the power to cleanse sins. The city is home to numerous temples, including the iconic Kashi Vishwanath Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, and the Sankat Mochan Temple, dedicated to Lord Hanuman. Visitors can witness the vibrant religious ceremonies and rituals performed on the ghats along the river, creating an unforgettable spiritual experience.

Cultural Heritage and Spirituality

Varanasi is a treasure trove of cultural heritage and spirituality. The city has been a major center of learning and culture for centuries, attracting scholars, musicians, and artists. Its narrow streets and bustling markets are lined with shops selling traditional Indian goods, including silk, jewelry, and religious artifacts. Music and dance performances take place in temples and cultural centers, showcasing the rich artistic traditions of the region. Varanasi is also renowned for its spiritual practices, such as yoga and meditation, with numerous ashrams and monasteries offering retreats and workshops. Whether it’s exploring ancient temples, immersing oneself in spiritual practices, or simply soaking in the vibrant atmosphere, Varanasi offers a profound and enriching cultural experience for both pilgrims and tourists alike.