Tehran Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Iran

Summer in Tehran

Summers in Tehran are hot and dry, with average temperatures ranging from 27°C to 37°C (80°F to 98°F). The hottest months are July and August, when temperatures can reach up to 40°C (104°F) or higher. The lack of humidity makes the heat more bearable than in many other cities. However, the sun’s intensity can be oppressive, especially during the midday hours. Thunderstorms are rare during this season.

Winter in Tehran

Winters in Tehran are cold and snowy, with average temperatures ranging from -1°C to 7°C (30°F to 44°F). The coldest months are December and January, when temperatures can drop below -10°C (14°F). Snowfall is common, and the city can receive significant accumulations during the winter months. Heavy fog is also common, reducing visibility and making driving hazardous. The air can become polluted during this season due to the use of heaters and reduced air circulation.

Monthly Average Temperatures

Tehran, Iran’s bustling capital city, experiences starkly contrasting temperatures throughout the year. During the summer months (June to September), temperatures soar, reaching an average high of 31°C (88°F) in July and August. The summer season is characterized by scorching midday heat and low humidity, with minimal rainfall. In contrast, winter brings frigid conditions, with average lows dipping to -2°C (28°F) in January and February. Tehran receives significant snowfall during winter, transforming the city into a winter wonderland.

Seasonal Variations and Extreme Weather

Tehran’s seasonal variations are pronounced, with spring (March to May) marked by mild temperatures ranging from 7°C to 18°C (45°F to 64°F). This season witnesses increased precipitation and occasional thunderstorms. Autumn (September to December) brings a gradual drop in temperatures, with average highs ranging from 19°C to 7°C (66°F to 45°F). The city experiences sporadic rainfall during autumn, signaling the onset of the cold season. Tehran can also experience extreme weather events, such as dust storms during the summer and heavy snowfall during the winter.

Types of Clouds in Tehran

Tehran’s climate is characterized by low humidity and sparse rainfall. The clouds that form over the city are typically high-altitude and thin, such as cirrus, cirrocumulus, and cirrostratus clouds. These clouds are composed of ice crystals and appear as wispy or feathery patches in the sky. Additionally, cumulus clouds, which are puffy and cotton-like, can be observed during fair weather conditions.

Impact on Weather and Visibility

The high-altitude clouds in Tehran have minimal impact on weather patterns and visibility. Cirrus and cirrocumulus clouds are too thin to produce precipitation or affect visibility, while cirrostratus clouds can create a faint halo around the sun or moon. Cumulus clouds, on the other hand, can develop into larger and denser clouds, potentially leading to showers or thunderstorms. However, such conditions are uncommon in Tehran’s dry climate. Overall, the clouds in Tehran do not significantly obstruct visibility or cause major weather disturbances.

Average Precipitation

Tehran, Iran’s capital city, experiences a semi-arid climate characterized by low annual precipitation. The average annual rainfall in Tehran is approximately 250 millimeters, which is significantly lower than the global average. This low precipitation is primarily due to the city’s location within the Iranian Plateau, which lies in the rain shadow of the Alborz Mountains. The precipitation in Tehran is unevenly distributed throughout the year, with most rainfall occurring during the winter and spring months. During the summer months, Tehran experiences very little precipitation, contributing to the city’s arid conditions.

Seasonal Variations and Extremes

The seasonal variations in precipitation are pronounced in Tehran. During the winter months (December to February), Tehran experiences its heaviest rainfall, with an average monthly precipitation of around 50 millimeters. This precipitation often falls as snow, covering the city in a blanket of white. The spring months (March to May) also receive a significant amount of precipitation, with an average monthly rainfall of around 40 millimeters. During the summer months (June to August), precipitation is scarce, with an average monthly rainfall of less than 10 millimeters. The autumn months (September to November) experience a slight increase in precipitation, with an average monthly rainfall of around 20 millimeters.

Rainfall extremes are not uncommon in Tehran. The city has experienced both severe droughts and heavy rainfall events in recent years. Prolonged droughts can lead to water shortages and agricultural problems, while heavy rainfall can cause flooding and damage to infrastructure. In 2018, for example, Tehran experienced a record-breaking rainfall event that caused widespread flooding and property damage. The city’s vulnerability to these extreme weather events highlights the need for effective water resource management and flood mitigation strategies.

Geographical Factors Influencing Rainfall Patterns

Tehran’s geographical location plays a significant role in determining its rainfall patterns. Situated at the foot of the Alborz Mountains, it benefits from orographic precipitation. As moist air rises over the mountains, it cools and condenses, releasing rainfall on the northern slopes. Tehran, located on the southern slopes, receives the residual moisture in the form of precipitation. However, the rain shadow effect created by the mountains limits rainfall to lower amounts compared to the northern regions of Iran.

Climate and Precipitation Trends

Tehran has a semi-arid climate characterized by moderate rainfall throughout the year. The annual precipitation averages around 250 millimeters (9.8 inches), significantly lower than many other regions of Iran. Rainfall is concentrated in the cooler months, from November to April, while summers are generally dry. The city experiences a bimodal precipitation pattern, with two peaks in rainfall during spring (March-April) and a lesser peak in autumn (October-November). These patterns are influenced by the interaction between the Mediterranean and Siberian weather systems, as well as the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

Causes of Snowfall in Tehran, Iran

Tehran’s snowfall primarily results from the interaction between the cold air masses from the north and the warm, moist air from the Caspian Sea to the northwest. As these air masses collide, the moisture in the warm air condenses and forms clouds. When the temperature drops below freezing, these clouds precipitate as snow. The mountains surrounding Tehran also play a role in snowfall, as they force the moist air to rise, cooling it further and promoting condensation.

Impact of Snowfall on Tehran

Snowfall in Tehran can have significant impacts on the city’s infrastructure and daily life. Heavy snow can disrupt traffic, causing delays and road closures. Snow accumulation can also weigh down power lines, leading to outages and power disruptions. Additionally, icy conditions can increase the risk of accidents and injuries, especially for pedestrians and motorists. However, snowfall also brings benefits, such as providing a layer of insulation that helps to conserve energy in buildings. Snow cover can also attract tourists and provide opportunities for winter sports and recreation.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

Tehran, the bustling capital of Iran, experiences a distinct variation in sunrise and sunset times throughout the year. During the summer solstice in June, the sun rises around 5:30 AM and sets around 8:30 PM, providing extended daylight hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice in December, the sun rises later at around 7:00 AM and sets earlier at around 5:30 PM, leading to shorter days. These shifting times are due to the Earth’s tilt on its axis and the varying duration of daylight hours at different latitudes.

Sun Intensity and Climate

The sun in Tehran is known for its intense brightness, especially during the summer months. The city’s arid climate and high altitude contribute to this heightened intensity, resulting in strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Prolonged exposure to the sun can be harmful to the skin and eyes, prompting individuals to seek shade or wear protective eyewear and clothing. Additionally, the intense heat generated by the sun can lead to high temperatures, often exceeding 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) during the summer. However, during the winter months, the city experiences milder temperatures and limited sunlight, with occasional cloudy skies and sporadic rainfall.

Appearance and Observation

The Moon, Earth’s celestial companion, presents a captivating sight from Tehran, Iran. Its silvery orb appears as a prominent feature in the night sky, casting its ethereal glow upon the bustling metropolis. During the full moon, the lunar surface exhibits intricate patterns of craters and mountains, creating a mesmerizing spectacle. From vantage points within the city, observers can marvel at the Moon’s gradual ascent and descent, as it navigates the celestial sphere with graceful precision.

Cultural Significance

The Moon holds a profound cultural significance in Iranian society. Throughout history, it has served as a symbol of time, renewal, and divine guidance. The lunar calendar, based on the Moon’s phases, was widely used in traditional Persian culture for agricultural practices and religious observances. In modern times, the Moon remains a beloved celestial object, inspiring poetry, music, and artistic creations. Many Iranians share a deep appreciation for the Moon’s beauty and its connection to their cultural heritage.

Humidity in Tehran, Iran: An Overview

Tehran, the bustling capital of Iran, is characterized by a semi-arid climate. As a result, humidity levels in the city are generally low throughout the year. During the hot and dry summer months (June-August), the average humidity hovers around 15-25%. Conversely, during the cold and relatively humid winter months (December-February), the average humidity rises to around 50-65%.

Despite its low humidity, Tehran experiences occasional fluctuations in humidity levels. During the spring and fall, when temperatures are moderate, humidity can range from 30-50%. Additionally, heavy rainfall or snowstorms can temporarily increase humidity levels, particularly during the winter and spring months. However, these periods are typically short-lived, and humidity levels quickly return to their usual low range. Overall, the air in Tehran is generally dry and arid throughout the year, with occasional periods of moderate humidity.

Wind Patterns in Tehran

Tehran, the capital of Iran, experiences a continental climate with four distinct seasons. The wind patterns in Tehran are influenced by its elevation, geographical position, and local topography. During the spring and summer months, Tehran experiences a prevailing northwesterly wind known as the Shamal, which originates from the Caspian Sea. This wind typically brings cooler temperatures and higher humidity to the city. In contrast, during the winter months, Tehran is influenced by a southwesterly wind known as the Garmsil, which transports warm air from the Persian Gulf and causes a rise in temperatures.

Air Quality and Wind

Tehran’s wind patterns also play a significant role in the city’s air quality. The Shamal, which is stronger during the spring and summer, helps to disperse pollutants and improve air quality. However, during the winter months, when the Garmsil prevails, air quality tends to deteriorate due to the accumulation of pollutants. The topography of Tehran, with the Alborz Mountains to the north and the Dasht-e Kavir desert to the south, also contributes to the city’s air pollution problems. The mountains act as a barrier, preventing the dispersion of pollutants, while the desert contributes to dust and particulate matter in the air.

Spring (April-May):

Springtime in Tehran offers a vibrant tapestry of colors and scents. As the city awakens from its winter slumber, lush gardens burst into bloom, painting the streets with vibrant hues. The weather is mild and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 10 to 25 degrees Celsius. This period coincides with the Iranian New Year (Nowruz), a joyful celebration that fills the city with music, dancing, and festive decorations.

Autumn (October-November):

Autumn descends upon Tehran with a golden touch, transforming the city’s parks and avenues into a breathtaking spectacle. The trees shed their vibrant foliage, creating a mesmerizing carpet of warm colors. The temperatures remain moderate, averaging between 10 and 20 degrees Celsius. Autumn is an ideal time for outdoor activities, as the heat of summer has subsided, and the crowds are smaller. Visitors can enjoy leisurely walks through the city’s historical gardens, visit museums, and explore the vibrant Tehran Grand Bazaar.

Potential and Challenges

Tehran, the bustling capital of Iran, boasts substantial potential for solar energy utilization. With its high solar irradiance, averaging over 2000 kWh/m2 yearly, the city presents an ideal environment for photovoltaic (PV) installations. However, the prevalent air pollution, particularly particulate matter, poses a significant challenge for solar panels. Dust accumulation can reduce PV efficiency by up to 30%, necessitating regular cleaning and maintenance.

Government Initiatives and Projects

Recognizing the potential of solar energy, the Iranian government has implemented various initiatives to promote its development, including subsidies for PV systems and net metering schemes. These incentives have encouraged private investment and the establishment of solar power plants. Notable projects in Tehran include the 25-MW solar farm in Golshahr Industrial Park and the installation of over 100 MW distributed solar systems on rooftops and public buildings. These initiatives aim to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, improve air quality, and contribute to renewable energy targets.

Location and General Topography:

Tehran, the capital of Iran, is situated in the north-central region of the country, nestled along the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains. It lies on an elevated plateau with an average elevation of approximately 1,100 meters (3,600 feet) above sea level. The plateau is relatively flat and slopes gently from the mountains towards the south.

Surrounding Mountain Ranges and Valleys:

Tehran is surrounded by several prominent mountain ranges, including the Alborz Mountains to the north, the Karkas Mountains to the west, and the Shirkuh Mountains to the south. The city is also located within a series of valleys, such as the Shemiran Valley in the north and the Lavasan Valley in the east. These valleys provide natural boundaries for the city and offer stunning views of the surrounding mountains. The topography of Tehran creates a unique and picturesque urban landscape, with the city nestled among towering mountain peaks and rolling valleys.

Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKA)

Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport (IKA) is the primary international airport serving Tehran, the capital of Iran. It is located approximately 50 kilometers south of the city center. IKA is the busiest airport in Iran and handles both domestic and international flights. The airport has two terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, and it is connected to the city center by the Tehran Metro. IKA is served by a number of airlines, including Iran Air, Mahan Air, and Turkish Airlines.

Mehrabad International Airport (THR)

Mehrabad International Airport (THR) is a smaller airport located approximately 10 kilometers southwest of the city center. It was the main international airport of Tehran until IKA was opened in 2004. However, THR still handles a significant number of domestic flights and is largely used by low-cost carriers such as Iran Airtour. THR consists of six terminals and is served by a variety of airlines including Iran Air, Mahan Air, and Caspian Airlines.

History of Tehran

Tehran, the bustling capital of Iran, has a rich and storied history dating back over 2,000 years. Its origins can be traced to the 1st century BCE, when it was founded as a village called Ray. Over the centuries, Tehran grew in importance, becoming a major trade center along the Silk Road. In the 18th century, the Qajar dynasty chose Tehran as its capital, transforming it into a magnificent city with opulent palaces and grand mosques. Tehran continued to flourish as the political and cultural heart of Iran throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, weathering revolutions and wars to emerge as a modern metropolis.

Modern Tehran

Today, Tehran is a vibrant and cosmopolitan city that serves as the cultural, political, and economic hub of Iran. It is home to over 9 million people and boasts a rich tapestry of cultures and religions. Tehran is a major center for education, research, and healthcare, with prestigious universities and world-renowned hospitals. The city’s infrastructure is well-developed, with an extensive public transportation system and modern amenities. Tehran is also known for its vibrant arts and culture, with numerous museums, theaters, and art galleries showcasing the works of Iranian and international artists.