Tallinn Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Estonia

Summer

Tallinn’s summers are pleasant and warm, with average temperatures ranging from 64°F to 75°F (18°C to 24°C). The days are long and sunny, with up to 18 hours of daylight in June and July. This makes it the perfect time to explore the city’s many parks and gardens, or to take a boat trip to one of the nearby islands. Rainfall is moderate during the summer, with occasional thunderstorms.

Winter

Tallinn’s winters are cold and snowy, with average temperatures ranging from 23°F to 34°F (-5°C to 1°C). The city can experience heavy snowfall, especially in January and February. The days are short and cloudy, with only about 6 hours of daylight in December and January. However, the city takes on a festive atmosphere during the winter, with Christmas markets and ice skating rinks.

Winter Temperatures in Tallinn

The average temperature in Tallinn during the winter months (December through March) is around -2 degrees Celsius (28 degrees Fahrenheit). The city experiences long, cold winters with frequent snowfall. January is typically the coldest month, with average temperatures hovering around -5 degrees Celsius (23 degrees Fahrenheit). Cold winds from the east and northeast often make the temperatures feel even colder. Snow cover is typically present for several months during the winter, and temperatures can occasionally drop below -10 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit).

Summer Temperatures in Tallinn

In contrast to the cold winters, Tallinn enjoys relatively mild summers. The average temperature during the summer months (June through August) is around 17 degrees Celsius (63 degrees Fahrenheit). The city experiences long days with plenty of sunshine. July is typically the warmest month, with average temperatures reaching around 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit). Warm, humid air from the west often brings high temperatures to the city. While Tallinn’s summers are not as warm as in some other European cities, they are still pleasant and enjoyable.

Cloud Cover and Types

Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, experiences a wide range of cloud coverage throughout the year. During winter, the skies are often overcast, with an average cloud cover of around 70%. In summer, the cloud cover typically decreases, with an average of around 40%. The most common cloud types in Tallinn are stratus, cumulus, and altostratus. Stratus clouds are flat and gray, and often cover the entire sky, while cumulus clouds are puffy and white, and often appear in clusters. Altostratus clouds are similar to stratus clouds, but they are higher in the atmosphere.

Impact of Cloud Cover on Climate

The cloud cover in Tallinn has a significant impact on the city’s climate. During winter, the thick cloud cover helps to trap heat near the ground, resulting in warmer temperatures than would otherwise be expected. In summer, the cloud cover can help to block the sun’s rays, resulting in cooler temperatures. Cloud cover can also affect the amount of precipitation that Tallinn receives. When the cloud cover is high, there is a greater chance of rain or snow. When the cloud cover is low, there is a greater chance of clear skies and sunshine.

Average Precipitation

Tallinn experiences moderate precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of around 650 mm (25 inches). The wettest months are typically July and August, when rainfall can reach up to 100 mm (4 inches) per month. Conversely, the driest months are usually March and April, with average rainfall below 30 mm (1 inch). Snowfall is common during winter, but it tends to be light, with accumulations rarely exceeding 20 cm (8 inches).

Seasonal Patterns

Precipitation in Tallinn exhibits seasonal variations influenced by the city’s location on the coast of the Baltic Sea. During summer, warm air from the Atlantic Ocean carries moisture to the region, resulting in increased rainfall. In winter, the influence of cold air from the northeast brings drier conditions, leading to a decrease in precipitation. Additionally, the proximity to the sea moderates temperatures year-round, contributing to relatively frequent rain or snow, especially during the transitional seasons of spring and autumn.

Seasonal Patterns

Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, experiences a humid continental climate with distinct seasonal rainfall patterns. Summer, spanning from June to August, is the driest season, with average monthly precipitation hovering around 50-60 mm. Rainfall during this period often occurs as brief showers or thunderstorms. In contrast, autumn (September to November) and spring (March to May) witness significantly higher rainfall, with average monthly precipitation ranging from 60-80 mm. During these seasons, precipitation is more frequent and can take the form of persistent drizzle or heavy showers.

Annual Rainfall and Variability

Tallinn’s annual rainfall is relatively moderate, averaging around 650 mm. However, this figure can fluctuate significantly from year to year. During exceptionally wet years, rainfall can exceed 800 mm, while in drier years, it can drop below 500 mm. The city’s rainfall is also characterized by variability within individual months. While some months may experience prolonged dry spells or downpours, others may witness more evenly distributed precipitation patterns. This variability can impact water resources and urban infrastructure.

Historical Snowfall in Tallinn

Throughout its history, Tallinn has experienced notable snowfall events. In January 1941, the city was hit by a massive snowstorm that dumped over 50 centimeters of snow. This heavy snowfall led to transportation disruptions, school closures, and power outages. Similar significant snowfalls were recorded in January 1968 and January 1980. These historical events have shaped the perception of snowfall in Tallinn and continue to be remembered by its residents.

Recent Snowfall Trends

In recent years, snowfall patterns in Tallinn have exhibited variability. Winters have become milder, with less frequent and less intense snowfall events. However, the city still experiences occasional notable snowfalls. In December 2016, Tallinn received approximately 30 centimeters of snow, causing disruptions to traffic and daily life. In January 2021, a snowstorm brought around 25 centimeters of snow, leading to school closures and power outages. These recent events highlight that while snowfall in Tallinn is less common than in the past, it remains a possibility during winter months. Despite the milder climate, the city’s infrastructure and population are better prepared to handle snowfall emergencies than in previous decades.

Summer Sunshine in Tallinn

Tallinn, the picturesque capital of Estonia, is a city that embraces the warm embrace of the summer sun. The city awakens from its winter slumber as the days grow longer and the temperatures rise, inviting visitors to explore its vibrant streets and coastal charm. During the summer months, the sun can remain above the horizon for nearly 19 hours, providing ample opportunities to enjoy the outdoors. With an average temperature of 16-18 degrees Celsius, the weather is generally pleasant, making it ideal for strolls through the cobblestone streets of the Old Town or spending leisurely afternoons by the Baltic Sea.

Extended Daylight Hours and Outdoor Activities

The extended daylight hours during the summer in Tallinn create an enchanting atmosphere. The sun’s rays illuminate the pastel-colored buildings, casting a warm glow on the city’s medieval architecture. The parks and gardens come alive with greenery, blooming flowers, and a lively atmosphere. Visitors can bask in the sunshine while enjoying picnics in Kadriorg Park or take advantage of the numerous outdoor cafes and terraces that line the streets. The nearby beaches of Pirita and Stroomi provide opportunities for sunbathing, swimming, and various water sports, offering a refreshing escape from the urban hustle.

Appearance and Symbolism

The moon holds a significant place in the night sky of Tallinn, Estonia, captivating observers with its ethereal glow. Its appearance varies throughout the month, from the radiant full moon illuminating the cityscape to the delicate crescent moon shimmering above the rooftops. Locals and tourists alike admire the moon’s celestial beauty, often framing it against the backdrop of Tallinn’s medieval architecture. The moon has also been imbued with symbolic meaning, representing fertility, renewal, and the feminine in Estonian tradition.

Cultural Significance

The moon plays a crucial role in Estonian folk tales, legends, and mythology. It is believed to have mystical powers that influence human affairs and protect against evil spirits. Traditional songs and dances often incorporate references to the moon, celebrating its beauty and its connection to the natural world. In modern times, the moon continues to inspire Estonian artists, writers, and musicians, who find its celestial allure to be a source of inspiration and wonder. Its presence in Tallinn serves as a reminder of the rich cultural heritage that has shaped Estonia and its people.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Tallinn, Estonia experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity levels. During the summer months (June to August), the city enjoys relatively comfortable and dry conditions, with average humidity levels ranging from 65% to 75%. However, as winter approaches (November to March), humidity levels rise substantially, reaching an average of 85% or more. These high humidity levels often contribute to a damp and oppressive atmosphere, especially during cold and overcast periods.

Factors Influencing Humidity Levels

The primary factors influencing humidity levels in Tallinn are its proximity to the Baltic Sea and its location within the humid continental climate zone. The city’s coastal location results in the influx of moist air from the sea, which increases humidity levels. Additionally, the humid continental climate is characterized by warm, humid summers and cold, wet winters, further contributing to the seasonal fluctuations in humidity. During periods of high atmospheric pressure, humidity levels tend to be lower, while low pressure systems often bring in more humid air from the surrounding areas.

Climate and Wind Patterns

Tallinn’s climate is characterized by moderate temperatures and abundant precipitation throughout the year. The city experiences warm, short summers with average temperatures ranging from 16 to 20 degrees Celsius (61 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit). Winters, on the other hand, are long and cold, with average temperatures hovering around -2 degrees Celsius (28 degrees Fahrenheit). During the winter months, snow falls frequently, and temperatures can drop below -10 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit).

Wind patterns in Tallinn are primarily influenced by the city’s proximity to the Baltic Sea and the prevailing westerlies. The city experiences strong and frequent winds throughout the year, with average wind speeds ranging from 4 to 6 meters per second (9 to 13 miles per hour). The strongest winds typically occur during the winter months, with gusts reaching up to 25 meters per second (56 miles per hour). The Baltic Sea, located just north of Tallinn, acts as a moderating force on the city’s climate, preventing extreme temperatures and protecting it from harsh continental winds.

Summer (June-August)

The best time to visit Tallinn is during the summer months of June to August when the city is at its most vibrant. The weather is warm and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 15-25 degrees Celsius. This makes it an ideal time for exploring the city’s many outdoor attractions, such as the Old Town, the Kadriorg Park, and the Pirita Beach. The city also hosts a number of cultural events during the summer, including the Tallinn Music Week and the Old Town Days.

Spring (April-May)

Spring is also a great time to visit Tallinn as the city awakens from its winter slumber. The weather is mild, with average temperatures ranging from 5-15 degrees Celsius. This is a perfect time to stroll through the city’s parks and gardens, which are in full bloom. The city also hosts a number of cultural events during the spring, including the Tallinn Art Week and the Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival.

Solar Irradiation and Potential

Tallinn, Estonia, experiences favorable solar irradiation levels during the summer months. The city receives an average of 4.5-5.5 peak sunlight hours per day between May and August. This provides a significant opportunity for solar energy production, as Tallinn’s latitude of 59°26’N means that it receives longer daylight hours during the summer solstice. While the winter months bring shorter days and less sunlight, the potential for solar generation still exists during clear days. Over the course of a year, Tallinn has a total of approximately 1,800 sunshine hours, making it a promising location for solar installations.

Government Support and Initiatives

The Estonian government has been actively promoting the adoption of renewable energy sources, including solar power. The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications has implemented several initiatives to incentivize solar energy development. These include a net metering program that allows homeowners to sell excess solar electricity back to the grid, as well as financial incentives such as tax exemptions and investment subsidies. Additionally, the government has set ambitious targets for solar energy capacity by 2030, aiming to increase the share of renewable electricity generation to 45%. These supportive policies contribute to a favorable environment for solar energy investment and deployment in Tallinn.

Overall Topography

Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is situated in the northern part of the country and lies on a limestone plateau surrounded by the Gulf of Finland. The topography of the city is generally flat, with some gentle slopes and hills. The highest point in Tallinn is Toompea Hill (51 meters above sea level), which is located in the old town. The city is also surrounded by several smaller hills, including Lasnamäe Hill (56 meters), Kopli Hill (49 meters), and Kadriorg Hill (46 meters).

Coastal Features

The coastline of Tallinn is characterized by a series of limestone cliffs, which were formed by the erosion of the Baltic Sea over millions of years. These cliffs are particularly impressive in the western part of the city, where they reach heights of up to 30 meters. The city is also home to several sandy beaches, including Pirita Beach, which is a popular spot for swimming, sunbathing, and beach volleyball. The Gulf of Finland provides a natural harbor for Tallinn, which has been an important port city for centuries.

Tallinn Airport (TLL)

Tallinn Airport (TLL), also known as Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport, is the primary airport serving Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. It is the largest airport in the country, handling both domestic and international flights. The airport is located approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) southeast of the city center and is easily accessible by public transportation or taxi.

TLL offers a wide range of domestic and international connections. Domestically, the airport provides convenient flights to major Estonian cities such as Tartu, Pärnu, and Kuressaare. Internationally, TLL has direct flights to various European destinations, including London, Berlin, Copenhagen, and Stockholm. Additionally, the airport serves as a regional hub for low-cost carriers, such as Ryanair and Wizz Air, offering affordable flights to various European cities.

Old Town Charm and Medieval Heritage:

Tallinn’s Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site famed for its well-preserved medieval architecture and enchanting ambiance. Cobblestone streets wind through a labyrinth of Gothic buildings, adorned with elaborate facades and quaint shops. The Town Hall Square, the heart of the Old Town, is dominated by the imposing Town Hall, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture dating back to the 15th century. To immerse yourself in the city’s rich history, explore the medieval guilds’ halls, ancient churches, and the Toompea Castle, perched atop Toompea Hill.

Modernity and Coastal Allure:

Beyond the historic Old Town, Tallinn seamlessly blends modern amenities with stunning coastal vistas. The sleek skyscrapers of the central business district provide panoramic views of the city and the Gulf of Finland. The Telliskivi Creative City, a former industrial area, has been transformed into a vibrant hub for art, design, and nightlife. Take a leisurely stroll along the picturesque Kadriorg Park, renowned for its meticulously landscaped gardens and the Kadriorg Palace, a splendid Baroque masterpiece. For a breathtaking coastal experience, head to Pirita Beach, a serene haven with golden sands and refreshing Baltic Sea waters.