Tacloban Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Philippines
Temperature
Tacloban, Philippines enjoys a tropical climate with consistent temperatures throughout the year. The average annual temperature hovers around 27°C (81°F). During the warmest months, April and May, temperatures can reach up to 33°C (91°F), providing a warm and sunny climate ideal for outdoor activities. However, even during the cooler months of December and January, temperatures rarely dip below 23°C (73°F), ensuring comfortable weather conditions year-round.
Rainfall and Humidity
While Tacloban experiences rainfall throughout the year, the wet and dry seasons are distinct. The rainy season, which lasts from June to November, brings ample precipitation, with average monthly rainfall exceeding 200mm. During this period, heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common, especially during the afternoon and evening hours. In contrast, the dry season, spanning December to May, is characterized by significantly reduced rainfall, averaging less than 100mm per month. The humidity in Tacloban remains high throughout the year, with average relative humidity levels ranging from 70% to 80%.
Seasonal Variations
Tacloban experiences a distinct seasonal pattern characterized by two main seasons: the dry season and the wet season. The dry season typically runs from November to April, with average temperatures ranging from 26°C to 30°C. During this period, rainfall is minimal, and the skies are generally clear. In contrast, the wet season lasts from May to October and brings significantly higher precipitation. The average temperature during this season remains relatively consistent, ranging from 27°C to 31°C. However, humidity levels increase dramatically, making the heat feel more oppressive.
Monthly Temperatures
The warmest month in Tacloban is May, when the average temperature reaches a peak of 31°C. The coolest months are December and January, when the average temperature dips to 26°C. These fluctuations are influenced by the shift in wind patterns brought on by the changing seasons. During the dry season, the prevailing easterly winds bring dry, hot air from the Pacific Ocean, resulting in higher temperatures. During the wet season, the winds shift to the southwest, carrying moisture and cooler air from the South China Sea, leading to lower temperatures and increased rainfall.
Types of Clouds in Tacloban
The skies above Tacloban, Philippines, often showcase a diverse array of cloud formations. Among the most common types is the Cumulus cloud, characterized by its puffy, white appearance. Cumulus clouds typically indicate fair weather, but they can also develop into more towering forms associated with showers. Another prevalent cloud type in Tacloban is the Cirrus cloud. These high-altitude clouds appear as thin, wispy streaks and are composed of ice crystals. Cirrus clouds often indicate stable atmospheric conditions and can signify the approach of a weather front.
Impact on Weather and Climate
Clouds play a significant role in the weather and climate of Tacloban. Cumulus clouds can produce showers, contributing to the frequent rainfall experienced in the region. Cirrus clouds, while not directly associated with precipitation, can affect the overall temperature by reflecting sunlight back into space. Additionally, clouds can influence wind patterns, with stronger winds tending to occur at higher altitudes where clouds are present. The complex interactions between clouds and the atmosphere contribute to the characteristic weather patterns of Tacloban, including its distinct wet and dry seasons.
Average Precipitation
Tacloban City experiences a tropical monsoon climate with two distinct seasons: wet and dry. The city receives a significant amount of precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,500 millimeters (98 inches). The wet season typically extends from June to November, characterized by heavy monsoon rains and occasional typhoons. During this period, Tacloban can experience torrential downpours, leading to flooding in low-lying areas.
Seasonal Distribution
The precipitation in Tacloban exhibits a clear seasonal pattern. The peak rainfall occurs in August, when the city receives an average of over 400 millimeters (16 inches) of rain. The driest months are from January to May, with February receiving the least precipitation, averaging around 60 millimeters (2.4 inches). During the dry season, Tacloban experiences relatively mild and sunny weather, with sporadic showers. The average temperature remains relatively constant throughout the year, ranging from 26 to 32 degrees Celsius (79 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit).
Rainfall Variability and Distribution
Tacloban City, located in the eastern Philippines, experiences significant rainfall throughout the year. The city is situated in a region prone to heavy rainfall due to its exposure to the Pacific Ocean and the convergence of various weather systems. The average annual rainfall in Tacloban is around 2,300 millimeters, with a distinct wet season from June to November and a relatively dry season from December to May. During the wet season, rainfall can be intense and prolonged, leading to flooding and landslides. The city’s elevation and proximity to the coast also influence rainfall distribution, with higher elevations receiving higher rainfall.
Impacts of Rainfall on Local Communities
The abundance of rainfall in Tacloban has both beneficial and challenging impacts on local communities. On the one hand, rainfall supports agriculture and provides a water source for domestic and industrial use. The city’s fertile land allows for the cultivation of various crops, including rice, corn, and coconuts. However, the heavy rainfall also poses significant challenges, particularly during extreme weather events. Flooding is a common occurrence during the wet season, damaging infrastructure, displacing residents, and disrupting economic activities. Erosion and landslides can also be triggered by intense rainfall, further exacerbating the impacts on communities and the environment.
Snowfall in Tacloban: An Unprecedented Event
Snowfall, a meteorological phenomenon characterized by the precipitation of ice crystals, is a rare occurrence in the tropical regions of the world. However, in January 2017, the city of Tacloban in the Philippines experienced a snowfall event that astonished residents and made headlines worldwide. The snowfall was caused by the passage of a strong cold front from Siberia that brought freezing temperatures and strong winds to the area. As the front moved over the warm waters of the Pacific Ocean, it caused the formation of towering thunderstorms that produced massive amounts of ice crystals.
The snowfall in Tacloban was unprecedented in the city’s history, creating a surreal landscape as the white flakes settled on buildings, cars, and trees. It was the first time that snow had ever been recorded at sea level in the Philippines, and the event sparked widespread excitement and curiosity among locals and meteorologists alike. The snowfall lasted for several hours, accumulating to a depth of several inches in some areas. It caused widespread disruption to daily life, with schools and businesses closing and transportation grinding to a halt. However, it also brought a sense of joy and wonder to the residents of Tacloban, who had never experienced such a phenomenon before.
Sunrise and Sunset Times
The Sun in Tacloban, Philippines, follows a regular pattern of rising and setting times throughout the year. Sunrise typically occurs between 5:15 AM and 6:15 AM, while sunset occurs between 5:45 PM and 6:45 PM. These times vary slightly depending on the time of year, with earlier sunrise and later sunsets during the summer months. The longest day of the year in Tacloban, the summer solstice, occurs in June, when the Sun rises around 5:00 AM and sets close to 7:00 PM. The shortest day, the winter solstice, occurs in December, when sunrise is around 6:30 AM and sunset around 5:30 PM.
Sun Position and Intensity
The position of the Sun in the sky varies throughout the day, due to the Earth’s rotation. At sunrise, the Sun is low on the horizon, creating a warm, reddish glow. As the day progresses, the Sun rises higher in the sky, reaching its highest point, or zenith, around noon. During this time, the Sun’s intensity is at its peak, and the sky appears brighter. As the Sun continues its journey, it descends towards the horizon again, reaching sunset. During sunset, the sky often takes on vibrant hues of orange, red, and purple, as the Sun emits warm, indirect light.
Impact on Daily Life
The Sun’s daily cycle has a significant impact on the daily life of Tacloban’s residents. Sunrise signals the beginning of a new day, and many people wake up around this time to start their daily routines. The bright sunlight during the day provides natural illumination, allowing people to work, study, and carry out other activities outdoors. The intensity of the Sun can also be beneficial, as it helps dry clothes and warm homes during the cooler months. However, the strong sunlight can also be harsh, necessitating the use of protective measures such as hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen to avoid sunburn and other health issues.
Moonrise and Moonset Times in Tacloban, Philippines
The moonrise and moonset times in Tacloban, Philippines vary throughout the year due to the Earth’s rotation and orbit around the sun. In general, the moon rises in the east and sets in the west. The exact times of moonrise and moonset can be calculated using astronomical tables or online moon calculators.
For example, on January 1, 2023, the moon is expected to rise at 6:03 AM and set at 6:10 PM in Tacloban, Philippines. On July 1, 2023, the moon is expected to rise at 6:43 AM and set at 6:50 PM. These times may vary slightly depending on the specific location within Tacloban.
Moon Phases in Tacloban, Philippines
The moon goes through a series of phases as it orbits the Earth. These phases include the new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent. The moon’s phase is determined by its position relative to the Earth and the sun.
In Tacloban, Philippines, the moon phases can be observed throughout the year. The new moon occurs when the moon is not visible from Earth because it is positioned between the Earth and the sun. The full moon occurs when the moon is fully illuminated by the sun and is positioned opposite the sun from the Earth’s perspective.
Seasonal Humidity Variations
Tacloban, located in the eastern Philippines, experiences significant variations in humidity throughout the year. The city’s tropical climate is influenced by the monsoon winds, resulting in distinct wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, from June to November, humidity levels typically range from 75% to 90%, reaching their peak during August and September. The warm, humid air from the Pacific Ocean is carried by strong winds, creating a sultry atmosphere. Conversely, during the dry season, from December to May, humidity levels drop considerably, averaging around 65%. However, even during this period, humidity can occasionally rise to around 70% due to occasional rainfall or changes in wind patterns.
Impacts of High Humidity
The high humidity levels in Tacloban during the wet season can have a notable impact on the city’s residents. The combination of heat and moisture can cause discomfort and lead to health concerns, such as heat exhaustion and dehydration. It can also hinder outdoor activities and make it challenging to stay cool and dry. Furthermore, the high humidity can contribute to the growth of mold and mildew, particularly in poorly ventilated areas. To mitigate these effects, it is recommended to stay hydrated, seek air-conditioned environments during peak humidity hours, and use dehumidifiers or fans to improve air circulation.
Pre-Landfall Conditions
Prior to the arrival of super typhoon Haiyan in Tacloban, the Philippines, the city experienced significant wind speeds. As the typhoon approached, the wind intensified rapidly, gusting up to 235 kilometers per hour (146 miles per hour). The unrelenting wind battered buildings, uprooting trees, and sending debris flying through the air with immense force. The relentless gusts caused widespread damage, shattering windows, tearing down power lines, and destroying countless structures.
Post-Landfall Conditions
In the aftermath of Haiyan’s landfall, the wind continued to wreak havoc in Tacloban. Sustained winds reached approximately 140 kilometers per hour (87 miles per hour), with intermittent gusts exceeding 185 kilometers per hour (115 miles per hour). The extreme force of the wind pushed seawater into the city center, causing massive flooding and further devastation. The relentless wind ripped apart houses, collapsed buildings, and left a trail of destruction in its wake. The relentless gusts also hindered rescue efforts, grounding helicopters and making it difficult to reach isolated areas.
Best Time to Visit for Weather:
Tacloban experiences a tropical climate with distinct dry and wet seasons. The dry season lasts from December to May, with pleasant temperatures and low humidity. This period offers ideal conditions for outdoor activities and sightseeing, as the skies are clear and the sun is shining. During the dry season, the average temperature ranges from 24°C to 31°C, making it warm and comfortable. However, it’s worth noting that certain months within the dry season, such as March and April, can experience hot, humid conditions.
Best Time to Visit for Festivals:
Tacloban is known for its vibrant festivals, which showcase the city’s rich culture and traditions. If you’re eager to immerse yourself in the local festivities, plan your trip around one of the city’s major events. The Sinulog Festival, held in January, is a colorful and energetic celebration featuring street dancing, music, and parades. The Waray-Waray Heritage Festival, held in August, highlights the indigenous culture of the region through cultural performances, art exhibits, and traditional games.
Potential of Solar Energy in Tacloban
Tacloban City in the Philippines boasts abundant solar resources, making it an ideal location for solar energy development. With an average of over 5.5 peak sunlight hours per day, the city has the potential to generate significant electricity from photovoltaic systems. The high levels of insolation, coupled with the increasing demand for renewable energy sources, present a promising opportunity for the deployment of solar power solutions.
Solar Energy Initiatives in Tacloban
Recognizing the potential of solar energy, the Tacloban City government has implemented several initiatives to promote its adoption. In 2017, the city launched a solar rooftop program that offers incentives to businesses and homeowners who install solar panels. The program has been successful, with over 100 solar rooftops installed to date. Additionally, the city is exploring the development of larger-scale solar farms to supplement its energy needs. These initiatives demonstrate the commitment of Tacloban City to transitioning to a more sustainable energy future.
Coastal and Riverine Topography
Tacloban City lies along the northern coast of Leyte Island and boasts a diverse coastal topography. The city’s coastline is marked by sandy beaches, such as the popular San Juanico Beach, as well as a series of protective mangrove forests. These mangroves provide essential ecosystem services, including erosion control and storm protection. The city’s urban core is centered around the mouth of the San Juanico River, which meanders through the coastal plain and provides a source of fresh water for the city’s population.
Inland Hills and Valleys
Beyond the coastal plain, Tacloban’s topography gradually transitions into rolling hills and valleys. The hills, composed of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, offer scenic views of the surrounding landscape. The valleys, often surrounded by rice paddies, provide fertile land for agriculture. The highest point in the city is Mount Biliran (1,920 feet), which looms over the western edge of Tacloban and offers panoramic views of the city and the surrounding region. This diverse topography creates a unique and picturesque landscape that enhances the overall appeal of Tacloban.
Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport
Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport (TAC), is the main airport serving Tacloban City, the capital of the province of Leyte, in the Philippines. It is situated around 8 kilometers northeast of the city center. The airport has a single asphalt runway, measuring 2,041 meters in length and 45 meters in width. TAC serves various domestic destinations, including Manila, Cebu, Clark, Davao, and Cagayan de Oro. It acts as a hub for Cebgo, a low-cost airline operating flights to several cities in the Visayas and Mindanao regions. The airport also handles international flights, with connections to Hong Kong and Singapore.
Other Nearby Airports
While Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport is the closest airport to Tacloban, there are a few other airports located within a reasonable distance. These include:
- Mactan-Cebu International Airport (CEB): Situated approximately 300 kilometers northwest of Tacloban, Mactan-Cebu International Airport is the main gateway to the Visayas region. It offers a wider range of domestic and international flights compared to TAC.
- Bohol-Panglao International Airport (TAG): Located on Panglao Island in Bohol province, Bohol-Panglao International Airport is around 120 kilometers southwest of Tacloban. It provides connections to several destinations within the Philippines, including Manila, Cebu, and Davao.
History of Tacloban, Philippines
Tacloban City, the capital of Leyte province in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines, has a rich and storied history. Its origins can be traced back to the 16th century when Spanish explorers arrived in the area and established a settlement called Kankabatok. The name “Tacloban” is believed to have been derived from the Waray word “takluban,” which means “to cover,” referring to the natural harbor that shelters the city from the Pacific Ocean.
Over the centuries, Tacloban grew into a major trading center and administrative hub. It became the capital of Leyte in 1929 and was granted city status in 1953. During World War II, Tacloban was heavily damaged by Allied bombings and was later the site of the infamous “Tacloban Massacre,” in which Japanese troops killed thousands of civilians. After the war, the city underwent a period of reconstruction and redevelopment, becoming a prosperous port and commercial center.
Culture and Festivals of Tacloban, Philippines
Tacloban City is known for its vibrant culture and lively festivals. One of the most popular is the Sinulog Festival, a religious and cultural celebration that honors the Santo Niño (Child Jesus). Held every January, the festival features colorful street dances, musical performances, and a grand procession.
Another notable festival in Tacloban is the Pintados-Kasadyaan Festival, which takes place in June or July. This unique festival showcases the city’s rich cultural heritage through lively street dances, music, and traditional costumes inspired by the pintados, or tattooed warriors of the ancient Visayan tribes. Additionally, Tacloban hosts various other festivals throughout the year, such as the Leyte Landing Festival, which commemorates the historic landing of U.S. General Douglas MacArthur in Leyte in 1944.