Tabuk Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Saudi Arabia

Summer in Tabuk

Tabuk experiences hot and dry summers typical of the Arabian Peninsula’s arid climate. Temperatures during this season, which spans from May to September, average between 30°C (86°F) and 40°C (104°F). The sun is relentless, with minimal cloud cover, and humidity levels remain relatively low. The summer months coincide with the region’s “shamal” winds, which bring hot, dusty conditions and can lead to sandstorms.

Winter in Tabuk

Winters in Tabuk are generally mild, but occasional cold fronts can bring sporadic precipitation in the form of rain or snow. Temperatures during this season, which runs from November to March, range from 5°C (41°F) to 15°C (59°F). Humidity levels tend to be slightly higher than in summer, especially during nighttime hours. While snowfall is rare, it can occasionally occur during cold snaps and can briefly accumulate on higher elevations.

Average Monthly Temperature in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Tabuk, located in the northwest of Saudi Arabia, experiences significant temperature variations throughout the year. The average monthly temperature ranges from a low of 10°C (50°F) in January to a high of 35°C (95°F) in July. The city’s hot summer months last from June to September, with temperatures regularly reaching or exceeding 40°C (104°F). During these months, it is essential to stay hydrated and seek shade during the peak heat hours.

Average Yearly Temperature in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

The yearly average temperature in Tabuk is approximately 23°C (73°F). The city enjoys a relatively long and warm spring, starting in March and lasting until May. During this time, the average temperature ranges between 15°C (59°F) and 25°C (77°F). Rainfall is relatively low throughout the year, with an average of 50mm (2 inches) annually.

Cloud Types

The skies above Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, are characterized by their clear and sunny conditions throughout most of the year. However, during the winter months, cloud cover can become more prevalent, particularly in the morning and evening hours. The most common cloud types observed in Tabuk include:

• Cirrus clouds: These high-altitude clouds are thin and wispy, often resembling streaks or tufts of cotton. They are composed of ice crystals and are typically associated with fair weather.
• Cumulus clouds: These puffy, rounded clouds have a cauliflower-like appearance and can occur at various altitudes. They can be associated with both fair and unstable weather, depending on their size and vertical development.
• Stratus clouds: These low-level clouds cover a large area of the sky, giving it a gray or overcast appearance. They often lead to drizzle or light rain.

Cloud Formation and Precipitation

The formation of clouds in Tabuk is primarily influenced by atmospheric conditions, including temperature, humidity, and updrafts. As warm, humid air rises from the ground, it cools and condenses, forming water droplets or ice crystals. These particles collide and coalesce, eventually becoming visible as clouds. The type of cloud that forms depends on the temperature and moisture content of the air.

In Tabuk, precipitation is relatively scarce throughout the year, with annual rainfall averaging around 50 millimeters (2 inches). Most precipitation occurs during the winter months, typically in the form of light rain or drizzle. Cloud cover can also lead to the formation of fog, which is common during the cooler months and can reduce visibility.

Annual Precipitation

Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, experiences an arid climate with extremely low annual precipitation. The average annual precipitation is a mere 50 millimeters, making it one of the driest regions in the country. The lack of rainfall is primarily attributed to the city’s location in the rain shadow of the Sarawat Mountains, which block moisture-carrying clouds from the west. As a result, Tabuk faces frequent droughts and limited water resources.

Seasonal Patterns

Precipitation in Tabuk is highly seasonal, with most of the rainfall occurring during the winter months from November to March. These months witness occasional thunderstorms and light showers, contributing to the annual precipitation total. However, during the summer months from May to September, rainfall is virtually nonexistent, leaving the region parched and barren. The lack of summer precipitation exacerbates the already dry conditions and creates challenging conditions for agriculture and water management.

Rainfall Patterns

Tabuk, a city in northwestern Saudi Arabia, experiences an arid climate with limited precipitation. Annual rainfall typically ranges between 50 and 100 millimeters (2-4 inches), with significant variability from year to year. Most rainfall occurs during the winter months, particularly from December to March. Thunderstorms are infrequent, but when they do occur, they can bring heavy downpours for short durations. In recent decades, the region has witnessed a trend towards reduced rainfall and increased temperature, a phenomenon attributed to climate change.

Significance of Rainfall

The limited rainfall in Tabuk presents challenges for local agriculture and water resources management. Traditional farming methods rely heavily on irrigation, often utilizing groundwater or desalinated seawater. However, as groundwater levels decline and desalination becomes more costly, alternative water sources and sustainable farming practices are becoming essential. The scarcity of rainfall also contributes to desertification, as soil erosion and salinization reduce the potential for plant growth. Nonetheless, the occasional heavy rainstorms can provide some relief to the water-stressed environment and replenish groundwater aquifers.

Historical Snowfall Event

Tabuk, a city in northwestern Saudi Arabia, witnessed an unprecedented snowfall in January 2016, marking a rare and extraordinary weather phenomenon in the region. The blizzard, originating from a cold front crossing the Mediterranean Sea, brought heavy accumulations of snow that blanketed the city and its surroundings. The thickness of the snowfall reached up to 15 centimeters (6 inches), creating a mesmerizing winter wonderland.

Impact on the City

The snowfall had a significant impact on Tabuk, both in terms of its physical landscape and its social fabric. The city, unaccustomed to such extreme weather conditions, came to a standstill as roads were closed, schools were suspended, and businesses remained shuttered. The thick blanket of snow transformed the urban landscape, creating picturesque scenes that drew locals and visitors alike to the streets to marvel at the winter spectacle. The unusual snowfall also led to a surge in tourism, with people from across the country flocking to Tabuk to witness this rare meteorological event.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

In Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, the sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year due to the Earth’s orbit around the sun. During the summer months, the sun rises between 5:45 AM and 6:00 AM and sets between 7:30 PM and 8:00 PM. In the winter months, the sun rises between 7:00 AM and 7:30 AM and sets between 5:30 PM and 6:00 PM. These times may vary slightly depending on the exact day and location within Tabuk.

Sunlight Hours and UV Index

The number of sunlight hours in Tabuk varies throughout the year, with the longest days occurring during the summer months and the shortest days occurring during the winter months. On average, Tabuk receives approximately 12-13 hours of sunlight per day. The UV index in Tabuk is generally high throughout the year, reaching levels of 6 to 9 during the summer months. It is recommended to take precautions against sun exposure, such as wearing sunscreen, sunglasses, and protective clothing, especially during the peak hours of 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM.

Moon Phases in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

The phases of the moon are determined by its position relative to the sun and Earth. In Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, the moon phases follow a predictable cycle, similar to other locations on Earth. The new moon, when the moon is not visible from Earth, occurs approximately every 29.5 days. During this phase, the moon is positioned between the Earth and the sun. As the moon moves in its orbit, it gradually becomes visible as a crescent moon. Over the next few days, the moon waxes, becoming a half moon, then a gibbous moon, until it reaches the full moon phase. During the full moon, the moon is opposite the sun in the sky, and its entire face is illuminated as seen from Earth.

Moon’s Influence on Tides and Nighttime Sky

The moon’s gravitational pull affects the Earth’s oceans, causing tides. In Tabuk, the moon’s influence on tides is less pronounced than in coastal areas due to its inland location. However, subtle tidal patterns can still be observed, particularly during full and new moon phases when the moon’s gravitational pull is at its strongest. The moon also plays a significant role in the nighttime sky. During the full moon phase, the moon’s bright light illuminates the night sky, making it difficult to observe stars and planets. In contrast, during the new moon phase, the moon is not visible, allowing for optimal stargazing conditions. The moon’s phases are an integral part of the natural world, influencing both the celestial landscape and the rhythmic patterns of the ocean.

Humidity Levels in Tabuk

Tabuk, located in northwestern Saudi Arabia, experiences a desert climate characterized by low humidity. Relative humidity levels typically range from 20-35% throughout the year. The driest months are from May to October, when humidity levels can drop below 20%. During this period, the air feels exceptionally dry, and evaporation rates are high. In the summer months (June to August), humidity levels may rise slightly, reaching up to 40%, but they remain relatively low compared to other regions of the country. These low humidity levels are attributed to Tabuk’s arid climate, characterized by minimal rainfall and high temperatures.

Impact of Humidity on Tabuk’s Environment and Economy

The low humidity in Tabuk has a significant impact on the city’s environment and economy. The dry air can lead to increased dust formation, as water vapor is insufficient to bind dust particles together. This can result in reduced visibility and can pose health risks for residents, particularly those with respiratory conditions. Furthermore, the low humidity levels can hinder agricultural activities, as crops require a certain amount of moisture to thrive. However, the arid climate and low humidity have also contributed to Tabuk’s growing tourism industry, as visitors are drawn to the region for its dry, temperate climate and the opportunities for outdoor recreation it offers.

Wind Patterns and Speed

Tabuk, a city in northwestern Saudi Arabia, experiences a range of wind patterns throughout the year. During the summer months, particularly in July and August, southerly winds known as “sharqi” prevail, bringing hot and humid air from the Red Sea. These winds can reach speeds of up to 40 kilometers per hour (25 miles per hour). In contrast, during the winter months, northerly winds from the Arabian Peninsula dominate, bringing cooler and drier air. These winds tend to be weaker, with average speeds around 15-20 kilometers per hour (9-12 miles per hour).

Impact on Daily Life

The strong summer winds can create a challenging environment for both residents and visitors. The hot, humid air combined with the high wind speeds can make it uncomfortable to spend extended periods outdoors. Sand and dust can also be carried by the winds, reducing visibility and causing respiratory problems. However, the cooler winter winds can provide a welcome respite from the summer heat. The weaker winds also facilitate outdoor activities and reduce the risk of sandstorms.

Autumn (September-November):

Autumn in Tabuk offers an enchanting blend of moderate temperatures and vibrant desert landscapes. The scorching summer heat subsides, replaced by comfortable days and cool nights. Average daytime temperatures hover around 70-80°F (21-27°C), ideal for outdoor adventures and cultural exploration. The evenings bring a refreshing coolness, allowing for comfortable evenings spent stargazing or sipping tea by the campfire. The amber hues of the changing leaves paint a breathtaking backdrop against the rugged sandstone formations.

Spring (March-May):

Spring is a season of renewal and rejuvenation in Tabuk. As winter’s grip loosens, the desert blooms with vibrant wildflowers, transforming the barren landscape into a kaleidoscope of colors. Temperatures begin to rise, ranging from 60-85°F (16-29°C), creating perfect conditions for hiking, biking, and exploring the region’s archaeological wonders. The clear skies and warm breezes make for delightful picnics and outdoor gatherings. The abundant sunshine provides ample opportunities for sun-worshippers and photographers to capture the beauty of the region.

Solar Energy Potential

Tabuk, Saudi Arabia possesses exceptional solar energy potential due to its strategic location in the northwestern region of the country. The city benefits from abundant sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 8.5 peak sunlight hours per day. The high levels of solar irradiation make Tabuk an ideal candidate for the development of solar energy projects. The clear skies and low humidity further enhance the solar resource availability, making it possible to generate solar power reliably.

Development and Implementation

Recognizing the vast potential of solar energy, the Saudi government has taken significant steps to promote its adoption in Tabuk. In 2018, the largest solar power plant in the Middle East and North Africa, the Sakaka Solar Power Plant, was inaugurated in the Tabuk region. With a total capacity of 300 megawatts, the plant contributes significantly to Saudi Arabia’s renewable energy targets. Additionally, numerous smaller-scale solar projects have been implemented, including residential and commercial rooftop installations, contributing to the decentralized generation of solar energy.

Mountains and Hills in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

The Tabuk region in Saudi Arabia is characterized by a diverse topography that includes rugged mountains and rolling hills. The western part of the region borders the Red Sea and features a narrow coastal plain. This coastal plain is backed by the Hijaz Mountains, which run parallel to the coast and reach elevations of up to 2,500 meters. The eastern part of the region is home to the Nafud Desert, which is covered in sand dunes and plateaus. In between the Hijaz Mountains and the Nafud Desert lies a vast plateau known as the Tuwaiq Plateau. This plateau is characterized by rolling hills and isolated outcrops of rock.

Plains and Plateaus in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

The Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia is home to a variety of plains and plateaus. The coastal plain along the Red Sea is relatively narrow and is backed by the Hijaz Mountains. To the east of the Hijaz Mountains lies the Tuwaiq Plateau, which is a vast, rolling plateau that covers much of the central part of the region. The Nafud Desert, located in the eastern part of the region, is a large, sandy desert that is characterized by sand dunes and plateaus. The plateaus in the Nafud Desert are typically low-lying and are covered in a thin layer of sand.

Tabuk Regional Airport

Tabuk Regional Airport (TUU) is the primary airport serving the city of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, and the surrounding region. It is located approximately 15 kilometers (9 miles) northeast of the city center. The airport has a single passenger terminal and one runway, and it handles both domestic and international flights.

Major airlines that operate at Tabuk Regional Airport include Saudi Arabian Airlines, flynas, and Flyadeal. The airport offers direct flights to several major cities in Saudi Arabia, including Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam, as well as to a number of international destinations, including Cairo, Istanbul, and Amman. The airport also serves as a hub for regional flights within the Northern Tabuk Region.

Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

Tabuk is a city in northwestern Saudi Arabia, located in the northwestern region of the country. It is the capital of the Tabuk Province and the largest city in the region. The city has a population of around 700,000 people and is located near the border with Jordan. Tabuk is an important commercial and agricultural center, and it is also a popular tourist destination due to its rich history and cultural heritage.

The city of Tabuk has a long and rich history, dating back to the pre-Islamic era. It was once a major stop on the trade routes between Arabia and the Mediterranean Sea. The city was also a center of Islamic learning and scholarship during the early days of Islam. In the 19th century, Tabuk became a part of the Ottoman Empire, and it remained part of the Ottoman Empire until the end of World War I. The city was then incorporated into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.