Sylhet Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Bangladesh

Seasonal Climate Variations:

Sylhet’s climate is characterized by distinct seasonal variations. During the hot and humid summer months (March-May), average temperatures can soar to around 35°C (95°F), with high humidity levels making the heat even more oppressive. The monsoon season (June-September) brings heavy rainfall, with an average of 3,600 mm (142 inches) annually. During this time, the city experiences frequent flooding and high humidity. From October to February, the winter season brings cooler and drier conditions, with temperatures ranging from 15-25°C (60-77°F).

Average Weather Year-Round:

Throughout the year, the average temperature in Sylhet fluctuates between 15-35°C (60-95°F). The warmest months are April-May, with average highs of 34-35°C (93-95°F). The coolest months are December-February, with average lows of 15-16°C (60-61°F). Humidity is generally high throughout the year, with an average of around 70-80%. Rainfall is heaviest during the monsoon season, but the city also experiences intermittent showers during other months. Overall, Sylhet’s climate is tropical and humid, with distinct seasonal variations and a high degree of precipitation.

Seasonal Variations in Temperature

Sylhet, a city in northeastern Bangladesh, experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature due to its subtropical monsoon climate. The warmest months are April to September, with average temperatures ranging from 24 to 31 degrees Celsius (75 to 88 degrees Fahrenheit). During this period, intense heat and humidity can make outdoor activities uncomfortable. The transition months of October and November witness a gradual decline in temperatures, leading to a more moderate climate.

Winter Temperatures

The winter months from December to February are characterized by relatively mild temperatures, with average highs around 22 degrees Celsius (72 degrees Fahrenheit) and lows dropping to approximately 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). Colder nights and early mornings are common, with occasional frost or fog. However, the daytime temperatures are generally pleasant, allowing for outdoor activities and sightseeing. The winter season is relatively dry compared to the monsoon months.

Cumulus Clouds in Bangladesh

Cumulus clouds are characterized by their distinct puffy shape. They often resemble cotton balls and are commonly seen during fair weather. In Sylhet, Bangladesh, cumulus clouds are prevalent, particularly during the pre-monsoon season (March-April). These clouds are primarily composed of water droplets and can be found at low altitudes, typically below 2,000 meters. As they develop vertically, they may transform into towering cumulus or even cumulonimbus clouds, which are associated with thunderstorms.

Stratus Clouds in Bangladesh

In contrast to cumulus clouds, stratus clouds are flat, uniform, and appear as a gray sheet covering the sky. They often indicate overcast conditions and can produce drizzle or light rain. In Sylhet, stratus clouds are common during the monsoon season (June-September) and during the post-monsoon period (October-February). They typically form at low altitudes and can persist for extended periods, blocking out the sun and contributing to a gloomy atmosphere. The presence of stratus clouds can lead to reduced visibility and may affect outdoor activities.

Average Precipitation

Sylhet, a city renowned for its excessive rainfall in Bangladesh, experiences abundant precipitation throughout the year. On average, Sylhet receives approximately 4,000 mm of rainfall annually, significantly higher than the national average. The monsoon season, typically extending from June to October, accounts for a major portion of this rainfall. During these months, torrential downpours are common, often resulting in flooding and landslides in the region.

Seasonal Variations

The precipitation pattern in Sylhet exhibits distinct seasonal variations. The wettest months are typically June, July, and August, each receiving over 500 mm of rainfall. During this period, the monsoon winds bring in moisture-laden air from the Bay of Bengal, contributing to the heavy rainfall. In contrast, the driest months are January and February, with an average precipitation of less than 20 mm. During these months, the region experiences a relatively dry spell, with occasional light showers. However, even during the dry season, Sylhet is prone to unexpected rainfall, often associated with passing tropical cyclones or depressions.

Geographical Context:
Sylhet, a city in northeastern Bangladesh, is situated amidst the Surma-Meghna River system and the foothills of the Meghalaya Plateau. This unique location makes it particularly vulnerable to rainfall as it lies in the path of the annual monsoon winds from the Bay of Bengal. The region is characterized by a subtropical monsoon climate, with heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, extending from June to September.

Rainfall Patterns:
Sylhet experiences exceptionally high rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of around 4,500 mm. During the peak monsoon months, rainfall can reach up to 800 mm per month. The intensity and duration of the rainfall are often extreme, leading to flash floods and landslides. The heavy rainfall is caused by the interaction of the monsoon winds with the topography of the region, which forces the moist air to rise and cool, resulting in the formation of clouds and subsequent rainfall.

Unprecedented Snowfall in Sylhet, Bangladesh

In February 2023, the picturesque city of Sylhet, Bangladesh, witnessed an extraordinary phenomenon: heavy snowfall. It marked the first time snowfall had occurred in the low-lying region in recorded history. The snowfall, which began late in the afternoon, painted the landscapes with a thick blanket of white, transforming Sylhet into a winter wonderland. Trees, buildings, roads, and even tea plantations were adorned with a pristine coating of snow. The snowfall continued sporadically for several hours, causing widespread awe and amazement among the local population.

Impact on Local Life and Economy

The unprecedented snowfall had a profound impact on Sylhet. It disrupted daily life, with schools and offices closed for a day. However, the snowfall also brought joy and excitement to many, who reveled in the opportunity to experience such a rare weather event. The local economy was also impacted, as tourists and visitors flocked to Sylhet to witness the snowy spectacle. Hotels and guesthouses reported a surge in bookings, while street vendors sold warm drinks and souvenirs to capitalize on the wintry atmosphere. The snowfall, while fleeting, left lasting memories and contributed to the unique charm of Sylhet. The event highlighted the region’s susceptibility to extreme weather patterns, prompting discussions on the need for climate adaptation measures.

Intensity and Duration of Sunlight

Sylhet, nestled in the northeast of Bangladesh, experiences ample sunshine throughout the year. During the summer months (March to May), the sun’s intensity is at its peak, with the city receiving an average of 10 to 12 hours of bright sunshine per day. The prolonged daylight hours provide ample opportunities for outdoor activities, tourism, and agricultural production. In contrast, during the monsoon season (June to September), cloud cover and rainfall can temporarily reduce the intensity and duration of sunlight, resulting in a more humid and overcast environment.

Seasonal Variations and Impact

The seasonal variations in sunlight in Sylhet have a significant impact on the local climate, economy, and daily life. During the summer months, the intense sunlight can lead to high temperatures, which can be uncomfortable for outdoor activities. However, the abundance of sunshine also supports the growth of crops such as rice, tea, and vegetables, which are vital to the local economy. In the winter months (December to February), the sun’s intensity decreases, and temperatures become cooler. This period is characterized by a drier climate, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking and sightseeing. Overall, the sunlight in Sylhet plays a crucial role in shaping the city’s weather patterns, seasonal rhythms, and agricultural practices.

Moon’s Appearance in Sylhet

The moon exhibits a captivating presence in Sylhet, Bangladesh. During the evenings, the sky transforms into a celestial tapestry, adorned with the moon’s ethereal glow. The lunar orb, often appearing as a silver disk or a crescent, casts a gentle radiance upon the landscape. Its light illuminates the meandering rivers, giving them an otherworldly shimmer. The trees and buildings, cloaked in moonlit shadows, create an enchanting silhouette against the night sky.

Cultural Significance

The moon holds profound cultural significance in Sylhet. Its waxing and waning phases have been used to mark time and guide agricultural practices for centuries. The full moon is particularly auspicious and is often associated with festivals and celebrations. During the holy month of Ramadan, the sighting of the new moon signals the commencement of fasting. Lunar eclipses are regarded with awe and considered harbingers of change or transformation. The moon’s ethereal beauty has also inspired countless works of art, literature, and music, enriching the cultural fabric of Sylhet.

Seasonal Variation of Humidity in Sylhet, Bangladesh

Sylhet, a northeastern district in Bangladesh, is characterized by a humid subtropical climate, with significant seasonal variations in humidity. During the monsoon season, from June to September, humidity levels soar, often reaching close to 100%. The abundance of rainfall during this period saturates the atmosphere with moisture, leading to high relative humidity.

Humidity Patterns Throughout the Year

From October to March, during the dry season, humidity levels drop significantly. Relative humidity during this period typically ranges between 60% and 80%. However, even during the drier months, Sylhet remains a humid region. The presence of numerous rivers, wetlands, and forests in the area contributes to the overall moisture content of the atmosphere.

Directions and Patterns

The wind patterns in Sylhet, Bangladesh are influenced by the region’s subtropical monsoon climate. During the summer months from March to May, southwesterly monsoon winds bring heavy rainfall, leading to gusty and unpredictable wind conditions. In contrast, the winter season from November to February experiences northwesterly winds, which are typically drier and less intense.

Seasonal Variability

The wind speed and direction in Sylhet vary significantly throughout the year. The monsoon season witnesses consistently high wind speeds, often exceeding 20 kilometers per hour. During this period, strong gusts and occasional cyclones are not uncommon. Conversely, the dry season brings calmer winds with average speeds ranging from 10 to 15 kilometers per hour. The variability in wind patterns is primarily attributed to the seasonal shifts in the monsoon winds and the influence of the Bay of Bengal.

October to March (Winter)

The winter season in Sylhet, Bangladesh, offers a pleasant respite from the heat and humidity prevalent during the rest of the year. Temperatures average between 16-25°C (60-77°F), providing ideal conditions for exploring the region’s natural wonders. The crisp air and clear skies also enhance the beauty of the lush landscapes, making it an ideal time for nature enthusiasts and photographers. Additionally, the winter months coincide with the harvesting season, showcasing the vibrant colors and bustling markets of Sylhet’s agricultural heritage.

April to May (Summer)

While summer in Sylhet can be hot and humid, it also offers its own unique charms. The verdant landscapes come alive with lush greenery, and the numerous rivers and lakes teem with activity. The temperature hovers around 25-35°C (77-95°F), making it a suitable time for experiencing the region’s vibrant culture and traditions. Summer is also the season for the famous “King of Fruits,” jackfruit, which is harvested in abundance and sold in local markets, providing an unforgettable culinary experience for visitors.

Potential and Challenges of Solar Energy in Sylhet, Bangladesh

Sylhet, a city in northeastern Bangladesh, possesses abundant solar radiation, making it a promising location for harnessing solar energy. The city receives around 5-6 peak sun hours per day, offering a high potential for solar power generation. However, the development of solar energy in Sylhet faces challenges such as high upfront investment costs, limited access to financing, and a lack of technical expertise among local communities. Despite these challenges, local businesses and organizations are exploring ways to tap into the vast solar energy resources, with potential benefits including reduced reliance on fossil fuels, job creation, and environmental conservation.

Initiatives and Future Prospects

To encourage the adoption of solar energy, the Sylhet City Corporation has launched several initiatives, including a solar rooftop program that incentivizes the installation of solar panels on commercial and residential buildings. Local businesses and universities are also collaborating on research and development projects to enhance the efficiency and accessibility of solar energy solutions. Moreover, the Bangladesh government has implemented supportive policies, such as tax incentives and subsidies, to promote the adoption of sustainable energy sources in the country. With continued government support and private sector investment, Sylhet is poised to play a significant role in the transition to a clean energy future for Bangladesh.

General Topography

Sylhet is located in the northeastern part of Bangladesh, nestled within the Surma-Meghna River Basin. The region is characterized by a gently rolling topography with an average elevation of approximately 10-20 meters above sea level. Lush green plains and fertile agricultural lands dominate the landscape, interspersed with occasional hills and hillocks. The main rivers flowing through Sylhet are the Surma and Kushiyara, which converge at a point known as the “Tribeni” (confluence of three rivers) near the city of Sylhet.

Surrounding Hills and Valleys

Sylhet is surrounded by hills on three sides: the Jaintia Hills to the north, the Barail Range to the west, and the Khasi Hills to the south. These hills form a picturesque backdrop to the region, providing scenic views and contributing to the area’s natural beauty. The valleys between the hills are fertile and well-watered, supporting a variety of agricultural activities. The Meghalaya Plateau, located to the northeast of Sylhet, is known for its numerous caves and waterfalls, adding to the region’s natural attractions.

Osmani International Airport

Osmani International Airport (ZOS) is the primary airport serving Sylhet, Bangladesh. Located approximately 6 kilometers from the city center, the airport is the third busiest in the country and handles both domestic and international flights. Osmani International Airport has a single runway, which can accommodate wide-body aircraft, and a modern terminal building with a capacity to handle over 2 million passengers annually. The airport is well-connected to Sylhet city by road and public transportation, making it easily accessible for travelers.

Domestic and International Connectivity

Osmani International Airport offers direct flights to several major cities in Bangladesh, including Dhaka, Chittagong, and Cox’s Bazar. It is also a major gateway for international travel, with direct flights to destinations in India, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Airlines operating at the airport include Biman Bangladesh Airlines, US-Bangla Airlines, SpiceJet, and Qatar Airways. The airport’s strategic location makes it an important hub for both domestic and international tourism, trade, and economic development in the Sylhet region. Additionally, the availability of designated cargo terminals allows for the efficient handling of freight, further contributing to the region’s economic growth.

Natural Beauty and Biodiversity

Sylhet, a mesmerizing city nestled amidst the verdant valleys of Bangladesh, is renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty. The Surma, Kushiyara, and Barak rivers meander through the city, creating a picturesque landscape. The lush hills and tea gardens surrounding Sylhet are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. Jaflong, a breathtaking gorge on the banks of the Dawki River, offers panoramic views of the surrounding hills and waterfalls, while the Ratargul Wetlands is a haven for migratory birds and wildlife.

Historical and Cultural Heritage

Sylhet boasts a rich historical and cultural heritage. The Shah Jalal Dargah, a renowned shrine, attracts pilgrims from far and wide. The city is also known for its traditional handicrafts, such as silk weaving and pottery. The Shrine of Hazrat Shah Paran is a popular pilgrimage site for Muslims in the region. The city has several historical mosques, including the Jama Masjid, which dates back to the 16th century. Sylhet’s vibrant cultural scene includes traditional music, dance, and theater performances.