Surigao Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Philippines
Rainy Season (May-October)
Surigao experiences a prolonged rainy season from May until October, influenced by the southwest monsoon. During this period, heavy rainfall is frequent, often causing flooding in low-lying areas. Temperatures range from 24°C to 31°C, with high humidity levels. The average precipitation during the rainy season is around 1,500 millimeters, with August and September being the wettest months. Despite the abundant rainfall, Surigao offers plenty of indoor activities and attractions, such as museums, shopping malls, and traditional markets.
Dry Season (November-April)
From November to April, Surigao enjoys a dry season influenced by the northeast monsoon. Temperatures remain relatively stable, ranging from 22°C to 29°C, with lower humidity levels. The skies are typically clear, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and excursions. The average annual temperature in Surigao is 27°C, with little variation throughout the year. The dry season is particularly popular for swimming and snorkeling, with numerous beaches and islands to explore in the surrounding area.
Average Temperature in Surigao City, Philippines
Surigao City, situated in the northeastern region of the Philippines, experiences a tropical rainforest climate with hot and humid conditions throughout the year. The city’s average temperature varies slightly, with an annual mean temperature ranging from 26°C (78.8°F) to 28°C (82.4°F). The hottest months are typically April and May, when temperatures can reach an average of 29°C (84.2°F). Conversely, the coolest months are December and January, with average temperatures dipping to around 25°C (77°F).
The city’s temperature is heavily influenced by its proximity to the Philippine Sea. The warm ocean currents, particularly the Mindanao Current, contribute to the consistently warm temperatures in Surigao City. Additionally, the city’s location within a narrow, sheltered bay protects it from strong winds and extreme weather events, further contributing to its stable and warm climate. This tropical climate provides an ideal environment for a diverse range of flora and fauna, making Surigao City a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and outdoor activities.
Cloud Patterns in Surigao, Philippines
Surigao in the Philippines experiences a diverse array of cloud formations due to its tropical climate and coastal location. During the southwest monsoon (May to September), low-hanging stratus and nimbostratus clouds dominate the skies, often bringing prolonged periods of rain. As the northeast monsoon sets in (October to April), the cloud cover becomes more varied, with the appearance of towering cumulus and anvil-shaped cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds can produce heavy downpours and thunderstorms, especially in the afternoon and evening.
Cloud Dynamics and Weather Implications
The interplay of different cloud types in Surigao drives the region’s weather patterns. Cumulus clouds, which appear as puffy cotton balls, are typically associated with fair weather. However, when they develop vertically into cumulonimbus clouds, they can produce rain, lightning, and strong winds. Stratus clouds, composed of extensive sheets of clouds, indicate overcast conditions and can lead to persistent drizzle or light rain. The presence of cirrus clouds, thin wispy clouds at high altitudes, often signals the approach of a weather front or changing weather conditions. Understanding the dynamics of these clouds is crucial for predicting and mitigating the impact of tropical storms and other meteorological phenomena in Surigao.
Distribution and Patterns
Surigao, Philippines, experiences significant precipitation throughout the year. The city lies within the tropical rainforest climate zone, which is characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall. During the wet season, which typically lasts from May to December, heavy rainfall is common. The average annual precipitation exceeds 3,000 millimeters, with the heaviest rainfall occurring during the southwest monsoon season. The driest period occurs during the northeast monsoon season, from January to April.
Causes and Influences
The abundant rainfall in Surigao is primarily attributed to its geographical location. Situated along the eastern coast of Mindanao, Surigao is exposed to moisture-laden winds originating from the Pacific Ocean. As these winds rise over the coastal mountains, they cool and condense, releasing copious amounts of rainfall. Additionally, the city’s proximity to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a region of low atmospheric pressure, further contributes to the heavy precipitation. The ITCZ is characterized by frequent thunderstorms and heavy rainfall, particularly during the wet season.
Rainfall Patterns
Surigao, located in the northeastern Philippines, experiences a tropical rainforest climate characterized by abundant rainfall throughout the year. The wettest period occurs from July to December, coinciding with the southwest monsoon. During this time, the city receives an average of over 250 millimeters of precipitation per month. However, even during the drier months from January to June, rainfall is still significant, averaging around 150 millimeters per month.
Seasonal Variations
The rainfall in Surigao exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. During the wet season, heavy downpours are common, often accompanied by thunderstorms and lightning. The intensity and frequency of rainfall can vary year-to-year, with some years experiencing more severe storms and flooding. The dry season, on the other hand, is characterized by less frequent and lighter showers. However, even during this time, occasional rainfall can occur, providing relief from the hot and humid conditions.
Snowfall in Surigao, Philippines: An Unprecedented Occurrence
The tropical island of Surigao, Philippines, witnessed an astonishing and unprecedented event on February 10, 2023: snowfall. This phenomenon, rarely observed in the country, sent shockwaves through local communities and captured the attention of meteorological experts worldwide.
Meteorologists attribute this extraordinary occurrence to a combination of factors. A cold front originating from Siberia interacted with a low-pressure system, resulting in frigid temperatures and heavy precipitation. The high altitude and mountainous terrain of Surigao further facilitated the snowfall, creating a surreal winter wonderland amidst the tropical landscape. The snow, although short-lived, blanketed the ground, coating trees and rooftops in a sparkling white embrace.
Sunshine Duration
Surigao, Philippines, enjoys an abundance of sunshine throughout the year. The average monthly sunshine hours range from 160 to 260, with the sunniest months being April to September. During this period, the city experiences long hours of bright and clear skies, resulting in an average of 8-11 hours of sunshine per day. Even during the rainy season, which spans from June to November, Surigao still receives a considerable amount of sunshine, offering respite from cloudy conditions.
UV Index and Sun Protection
The UV index in Surigao varies depending on the time of year and cloud cover. However, during the peak hours of 10 am to 4 pm, the UV index can reach levels of 8-11, indicating a high risk of skin damage. It is essential for visitors and residents to take precautions during these hours, including wearing protective clothing, sunglasses, and applying sunscreen with a high SPF. Staying hydrated and avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun are also crucial to prevent heatstroke and sunburns.
Moon Cycle and Tides
The Moon exerts a significant influence on the tides in Surigao, Philippines. As the Moon orbits the Earth, its gravitational pull creates two high tides and two low tides daily. During the full and new moons, the Sun and Moon align, resulting in increased gravitational forces and exceptionally high tides known as spring tides. Conversely, during the first and third quarter moons, the Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other, weakening the tidal forces and leading to lower high tides and higher low tides known as neap tides.
Moon Phenomena and Folklore
The Moon in Surigao is a captivating celestial body that has inspired folklore and cultural practices throughout history. The full moon, locally referred to as “ilaw” (light), is considered a favorable time for activities such as fishing and hunting. It is believed that during this period, the moonlight enhances visibility and brings good fortune. Lunar eclipses, known as “pagdugo sa bulan” (bleeding of the moon), are often viewed with fear and superstition, prompting people to seek shelter indoors or perform rituals to ward off evil spirits.
Humidity Levels in Surigao, Philippines
Surigao, a coastal city in the Philippines, experiences high humidity levels throughout the year. Due to its proximity to the sea, the air in Surigao is laden with moisture, leading to a consistent feeling of stickiness and discomfort. The average relative humidity in the city ranges from 75% to 85%, with the highest levels occurring during the wet season from May to October. During these months, the humidity can be oppressive, with daily highs often reaching 90% or higher. The combination of high temperatures and humidity can make it difficult to breathe and engage in physical activity.
The high humidity in Surigao has a significant impact on the daily lives of its residents. The moisture in the air can cause clothing to become damp and uncomfortable, leading to heat exhaustion and dehydration. It can also contribute to the growth of mold and mildew in homes and buildings, posing health risks to occupants. To combat the high humidity, air conditioners and dehumidifiers are often used in indoor spaces to create a more comfortable environment. However, these appliances can be costly to operate and may not be accessible to all residents.
Wind Patterns
Surigao, located in northeastern Mindanao, Philippines, experiences distinct wind patterns throughout the year. During the northeast monsoon season, from December to February, strong northeastern winds prevail, bringing dry and cool air to the region. These winds are associated with the passage of cold fronts from the northern Pacific Ocean.
From March to May, the wind direction shifts to southeast as the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) moves northward. The ITCZ is a low-pressure area near the Equator where the prevailing winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge, resulting in frequent rainfall. During this period, Surigao experiences southwesterly monsoon winds, which bring warm and moist air from the Pacific Ocean, leading to increased humidity and precipitation.
Seasonal Impact
The varying wind patterns have significant impacts on Surigao’s weather and climate. During the northeast monsoon, the strong, dry winds can lead to droughts and wildfires, particularly in the upland areas. In contrast, the southwest monsoon winds bring abundant rainfall, supporting agriculture and sustaining the region’s lush vegetation. The ITCZ’s presence also influences the formation of tropical cyclones, which can impact Surigao during the months when it is active.
Dry Season (November to April)
The dry season in Surigao offers the most pleasant weather for travelers. With minimal rainfall and ample sunshine during this time, outdoor activities such as island hopping, scuba diving, and snorkeling are at their best. Temperatures hover between 24°C (75°F) and 32°C (90°F), making it comfortable for beach days and sightseeing. The calm seas and clear visibility provide ideal conditions for exploring the underwater wonders of the area, including the Sohoton Cove Natural Bridge and the Pacifico Marine Park.
Wet Season (May to October)
The wet season in Surigao brings heavier rainfall, especially during the monsoon months from June to September. While it may not be the ideal time for sunbathing or swimming, the lush vegetation and abundant waterfalls create a breathtaking landscape. The reduced crowds make it a great time for discovering the area’s hidden gems, such as the Tinuy-an Falls and the Bakhawan Eco-Park. Accommodation prices may also be lower during this period, offering budget-conscious travelers more options.
Potential and Challenges of Solar Energy in Surigao
Surigao, located in the northeastern Philippines, has abundant sunshine throughout the year, making it a promising location for solar energy development. With an average solar insolation of around 5.5 kWh/m2/day, the province has the potential to generate significant amounts of electricity from solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the region also faces challenges, including limited grid infrastructure and financial constraints for solar project development.
Initiatives and Future Prospects
Recognizing the potential of solar energy, the local government of Surigao has launched initiatives to promote the adoption of PV systems. These include providing subsidies and incentives for residential and commercial installations, and partnering with private developers to establish solar farms. Additionally, the province is exploring the potential of floating solar installations on its numerous waterways, which offer advantages such as reduced land requirements and improved energy yield. With continued support from the government and private sector, Surigao is well-positioned to harness its solar energy resources and become a leader in renewable energy development in the Philippines.
Surficial Features of Surigao
The topography of Surigao, Philippines, is characterized by rugged mountains, rolling hills, and coastal plains. The mountainous regions are primarily composed of volcanic peaks and ridges, with elevations ranging from 500 to over 1,000 meters. The highest peak in Surigao is Mount Manunca, reaching an altitude of 1,135 meters. The rugged terrain presents challenges for transportation and infrastructure development but also offers scenic views and opportunities for adventure tourism.
Coastal Landscapes of Surigao
The coastal areas of Surigao feature a mix of sandy beaches, rocky cliffs, and mangrove forests. The coastline is dotted with numerous bays and coves, providing shelter for fishing vessels and creating picturesque landscapes. The coastal plains are generally narrow, with limited areas suitable for agriculture or habitation. However, the coastline is rich in marine life and supports a thriving fishing industry. Additionally, the coastal areas are important for tourism, with beaches such as San Juan Beach and Britania Group of Islands attracting visitors for their pristine waters and scenic beauty.
Surigao Airport
Surigao Airport (SUG) is a small domestic airport serving the city of Surigao in the Philippines. It is located approximately 4 kilometers from the city center. The airport has one runway, which is 1,500 meters long and 30 meters wide.
Surigao Airport is served by a number of airlines, including Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, and AirAsia. These airlines offer flights to a number of destinations in the Philippines, including Manila, Cebu, and Davao.
Nearby Airports
If you are unable to find a flight to Surigao Airport, there are a number of nearby airports that you can consider. These airports include:
- Butuan Airport (BXU): Butuan Airport is located approximately 100 kilometers from Surigao. It is the largest airport in the Caraga region and is served by a number of airlines, including Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, and AirAsia.
- Cagayan de Oro Airport (CGY): Cagayan de Oro Airport is located approximately 150 kilometers from Surigao. It is the second largest airport in the Mindanao region and is served by a number of airlines, including Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, and AirAsia.
Historical Significance
Surigao, located in the northeastern Philippines, holds a rich historical significance dating back centuries. The province was a thriving center of trade and commerce during the pre-colonial era, with its strategic location at the crossroads of the Pacific Ocean and the Philippine Sea. During the Spanish colonization, Surigao was a major hub for gold mining and logging, and its economy flourished under the galleon trade. The city of Surigao was founded in 1580 by Jesuit missionaries and became a prominent center for Christianity in the region.
Natural Attractions
Surigao is renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty, boasting an abundance of pristine beaches, cascading waterfalls, and lush rainforests. The province is home to the Sohoton Natural Bridge, a magnificent rock formation that spans a narrow strait and connects two islands. Sohoton Cove, a protected marine sanctuary, offers crystal-clear waters perfect for swimming, snorkeling, and diving. The Enchanted River, a mythical turquoise-colored body of water, is another popular tourist destination known for its crystal-clear waters and lush vegetation. Surigao’s diverse flora and fauna make it a haven for nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers.