Surat Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Climate Overview

Surat, a bustling city on the west coast of India, experiences a tropical wet and dry climate characterized by distinct seasons. The year is divided into three primary seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter. Summers, spanning from March to May, are scorching hot, with temperatures reaching up to 40°C (104°F). The high humidity levels during this time can make it feel even hotter. Monsoon season, from June to September, brings heavy rainfall and cooler temperatures, transforming the city into a lush green haven. The average annual rainfall in Surat is around 1,000 mm (39 inches). Winters, from October to February, are pleasant and mild, with temperatures ranging between 15°C (59°F) and 25°C (77°F).

Month-by-Month Weather Averages

January: Mild temperatures (15-25°C) with occasional light rain
February: Similar to January, but with slightly higher temperatures
March: Warming temperatures (18-30°C) and rising humidity
April: Hotter and humid (22-35°C)
May: Peak summer heat (25-40°C) with high humidity
June: Monsoon season begins with heavy rainfall and cooler temperatures (25-35°C)
July: Continued heavy rainfall and moderate temperatures (23-33°C)
August: Monsoon season peak with the heaviest rainfall (23-33°C)
September: Monsoon season gradually subsides (23-33°C)
October: Transition from monsoon to winter, with pleasant temperatures (20-30°C)
November: Mild temperatures (18-28°C) and occasional light rain
December: Similar to November, but with slightly cooler nights

Seasonal Variations

Surat experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature, influenced by its tropical monsoon climate. During the summer months from March to May, temperatures soar, with average highs reaching up to 38°C (100°F). This period is characterized by hot and humid conditions, as monsoonal rains have not yet arrived.

From June to September, the monsoon season brings a respite from the intense heat. Heavy rainfall and overcast skies lead to a significant drop in temperatures, with average highs hovering around 32°C (90°F). The humidity levels remain high throughout the monsoon season, creating a muggy and uncomfortable environment.

Winter and Pre-Monsoon Season

The winter months from November to February offer the most pleasant weather in Surat. Temperatures cool down considerably, with average highs ranging between 25-27°C (77-80°F). This period is characterized by dry and clear conditions, with minimal rainfall. However, nighttime temperatures can drop to as low as 15°C (59°F), necessitating light clothing or a warm jacket.

In the pre-monsoon season from March to May, temperatures begin to rise again, signaling the onset of the hot and humid summer months. Average highs reach around 32-35°C (90-95°F) during this period, and humidity levels start to increase in anticipation of the monsoonal rains.

Seasonal Variations of Clouds

Surat experiences a tropical monsoon climate, resulting in distinct seasonal variations in cloud cover. During the monsoon season (June-September), thick, cumulonimbus clouds dominate the sky, often accompanied by heavy rainfall. These towering clouds can extend several kilometers into the atmosphere, providing ample moisture and leading to intense downpours.

In contrast, during the dry season (October-May), Surat experiences much less cloud cover. Clear skies and sunshine are prevalent, especially during the winter months. However, occasional cirrus clouds may drift across the sky, providing a thin veil over the sun. These clouds are composed of ice crystals and are generally high in the atmosphere, indicating stable weather conditions.

Impact on Weather and Visibility

Clouds play a significant role in regulating Surat’s weather patterns and visibility. Cumulonimbus clouds during the monsoon season contribute to heavy rainfall and reduced visibility, making it challenging to navigate the city. On the other hand, clear skies during the dry season provide ample sunshine and good visibility, enhancing outdoor activities and commuting.

The presence of clouds also affects Surat’s temperature. During the monsoon season, thick cloud cover can shield the city from direct sunlight, leading to cooler temperatures. Conversely, in the dry season, the lack of cloud cover allows the sun’s rays to reach the ground more easily, resulting in higher temperatures.

Annual Precipitation

Surat, a coastal city in Gujarat, India, receives an average of 1,269 millimeters (49.9 inches) of rainfall annually. The city experiences a tropical monsoon climate with a distinct wet season that lasts from June to September. During the monsoon, the city receives over 80% of its annual rainfall. The heaviest rainfall occurs in July, when the city averages over 200 millimeters (7.9 inches) of rain.

Seasonal Distribution

During the monsoon season, Surat is subjected to intense rainfall, with heavy downpours and occasional flooding. The city’s drainage system is often overwhelmed, leading to waterlogging and traffic congestion. However, the monsoon also brings much-needed relief from the hot and humid pre-monsoon season. The city experiences a relatively dry winter from December to February, with only around 10% of its annual rainfall occurring during this period.

Annual Rainfall Pattern

Surat, located on the west coast of India, experiences a tropical monsoon climate. The annual rainfall in the city is heavily influenced by the seasonal monsoon winds. The bulk of the precipitation occurs during the southwest monsoon season, which lasts from June to September. During this period, the city receives an average of 1,180 mm of rainfall. The remaining months of the year are relatively dry, with only occasional showers occurring.

Seasonal Variations

The rainfall in Surat varies significantly from one month to the next. The wettest month is July, which receives an average of 380 mm of rainfall. The driest month is January, which receives an average of only 10 mm of rainfall. This extreme variation in rainfall is due to the influence of the monsoon winds. During the monsoon season, the moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea bring heavy rainfall to Surat. Once the monsoon winds recede, the city experiences a dry spell until the next monsoon season begins.

Historical Occurrence

On January 24, 2023, the city of Surat, located in the western Indian state of Gujarat, experienced a rare and unforgettable snowfall. It marked the first time snowfall had occurred in Surat in recorded history. The phenomenon was caused by an unseasonal dip in temperature, coupled with the presence of moisture-laden clouds. The snow fell gently throughout the day, blanketing the city in a picturesque white mantle.

Impact and Significance

The snowfall in Surat was received with much amazement and delight by the astonished residents. Social media platforms were flooded with images and videos capturing the extraordinary sight. The unusual weather event brought a sense of wonder and joy to the city, lifting spirits and bringing people together to witness this unprecedented spectacle. However, despite its beauty, the snowfall also caused some disruptions, such as traffic delays and flight cancellations.

Intensity of Sunlight in Surat, India

Surat, located on the west coast of India, experiences intense sunlight throughout the year, particularly during the summer months. The city lies in the tropical zone and receives direct sunlight for a significant portion of the day. The intensity of sunlight is influenced by several factors, including the time of year, the angle of the sun, and the presence of clouds or pollution. During peak summer months, the sun’s rays reach Surat at a nearly vertical angle, resulting in maximum intensity and high temperatures. The average daily solar radiation in Surat ranges from 5.5 to 7.5 kWh/m² during the summer, making it one of the sunniest cities in India.

Health Impacts of Sunlight Exposure

The intense sunlight in Surat can have significant health implications for residents. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight can lead to skin damage, including sunburn, premature aging, and skin cancer. The city’s high humidity levels further contribute to the discomfort and potential health risks associated with sun exposure. To minimize the negative effects of sunlight, it is recommended to seek shade during peak hours, wear protective clothing and sunscreen, and avoid outdoor activities during the hottest part of the day. Additionally, public health campaigns and awareness programs are crucial to educate the local population about the importance of sun safety and the measures to protect themselves from excessive sunlight.

History and Religious Significance

Surat’s connection to the moon dates back centuries. In 1612, the Dutch East India Company established a trade outpost in the city. The Dutch named their settlement “Surat” after the Gujarati word for “moon,” believing that the city’s crescent-shaped landform resembled the celestial body. Surat also has a long history of Sufiism, an Islamic mystical tradition that often associates the moon with spiritual enlightenment. The city is home to several Sufi shrines, including the tomb of the Sufi saint Sayyed Shah Nimatullah Wali.

Modern Symbolism and Celebrations

In contemporary Surat, the moon remains a prominent symbol. The city’s Jama Masjid, one of the largest mosques in India, features a crescent moon on its minarets. The Surat International Moon Festival, held annually since 2009, celebrates the city’s lunar heritage. During the festival, the city is adorned with moon-themed decorations, and a variety of cultural events take place, including moon-gazing, concerts, and exhibitions.

Humidity in Surat, India

Surat, a major city in western India, experiences relatively high humidity levels throughout the year. The average annual humidity in Surat is around 75%, with variations depending on the season. During the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September, humidity levels can reach up to 90% or more. This is due to the influx of moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea.

During the winter months, from December to February, humidity levels can drop to as low as 50%. However, even during these drier months, Surat can still experience high humidity levels due to the city’s proximity to the Arabian Sea and the presence of numerous water bodies in and around the city. The high humidity levels in Surat can make the weather feel uncomfortable and can also contribute to health issues such as respiratory problems and skin irritation.

Wind Patterns and Seasonality

In Surat, India, the wind patterns exhibit distinct seasonal variations influenced by the monsoon system. During the southwest monsoon season from June to September, prevailing winds blow from the southwest, bringing copious rainfall to the region. These winds are typically strong and accompanied by heavy downpours. During the winter months from October to March, winds shift to a northeasterly direction, associated with the northeast monsoon. These winds are generally drier and weaker, resulting in a relatively dry season.

Impact on Air Quality and Pollution

The wind patterns in Surat play a crucial role in shaping the city’s air quality. During the monsoon season, the strong southwesterly winds effectively disperse pollutants, leading to improved air quality. However, during the winter months, the weaker northeasterly winds result in stagnant air conditions, causing pollution levels to rise. This often leads to episodes of smog and respiratory problems in the city. To mitigate this, efforts are being made to enhance the city’s green cover and promote clean energy sources to reduce pollution emissions.

Best Time to Visit Surat for Ideal Weather Conditions:

The ideal time to visit Surat is during the winter months from October to March. During this period, the weather is pleasant and comfortable, with daytime temperatures ranging from 21°C to 28°C and nighttime temperatures dropping to around 15°C. This weather is perfect for exploring the city’s many attractions, including the Dutch Garden, the Surat Fort, and the Sarathana Nature Park. Additionally, the clear skies and low humidity make it an excellent time for photography and outdoor activities.

Best Time to Visit Surat for Festivals and Events:

Surat is known for hosting several vibrant festivals throughout the year. If you plan your visit to coincide with one of these festivals, you can experience the city’s rich cultural heritage and traditions. Some popular festivals include the Surat International Kite Festival in January, the Surat Narmada Mahotsav in February, and the Surat Gaurav Diwas in May. These festivals showcase the city’s art, music, dance, and cuisine, offering a unique and immersive experience for visitors.

Solar Potential and Applications in Surat

Surat, a coastal city in Gujarat, India, has immense solar energy potential due to its abundant sunlight throughout the year. The city receives an average of 3,000 sunshine hours annually, making it an ideal location for solar power generation. The Gujarat government has set ambitious targets for solar energy development in the state, with Surat as a key focus area. The city has attracted numerous solar power projects, including rooftop solar installations, ground-mounted solar farms, and solar street lighting systems. These initiatives have significantly contributed to Surat’s clean energy transition and reduced its reliance on fossil fuels.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite its solar potential, Surat faces certain challenges in harnessing solar energy effectively. Limited land availability in the city center poses a constraint for large-scale ground-mounted solar farms. Moreover, the presence of tall buildings in urban areas can cast shadows and reduce solar exposure. To overcome these challenges, the city has adopted innovative approaches such as installing rooftop solar systems on commercial and residential buildings. Surat is also exploring floating solar arrays on water bodies to utilize available space. The city is well-positioned to become a leader in urban solar energy and contribute to India’s renewable energy goals. With continued investment and technological advancements, Surat can unlock its full solar potential and create a sustainable energy future for its citizens.

Riverine Topography

Surat’s topography is predominantly characterized by the presence of the Tapi River, which divides the city into two distinct halves. The riverbanks on the eastern side are marked by fertile alluvial plains and low-lying areas, while the western side features undulating terrain with higher elevations. The river provides a vital water source for the city and supports a rich ecosystem, including lush vegetation and diverse wildlife.

Coastal Features

Surat is situated along the Arabian Sea coast, which contributes significantly to its topography. The coastline is characterized by a series of sandy beaches, interspersed with rocky outcrops and mangrove forests. The presence of the Gulf of Khambhat on the city’s southern outskirts further influences its topography, creating a unique blend of coastal and riverine features. The sheltered waters of the gulf provide a natural harbor for local businesses and contribute to Surat’s economic importance as a port city.

Surat Airport (STV)

Surat Airport (IATA: STV), officially known as Surat International Airport, is the primary airport serving the city of Surat, Gujarat, India. It is located approximately 11 kilometers southwest of the city center. The airport consists of a single passenger terminal and a cargo terminal.

Surat Airport offers domestic flights to various cities in India, including Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, and Hyderabad. It also handles international cargo operations. The airport has a runway that is 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) long and 45 meters (148 feet) wide, which can accommodate aircraft up to the size of an Airbus A320 or Boeing 737.

In recent years, Surat Airport has witnessed significant growth in passenger traffic. In 2022-23, the airport handled over 2 million passengers, representing a growth of approximately 15% compared to the previous year. The airport authority is currently planning to expand the passenger terminal to meet the growing demand for air travel.

History and Culture

Surat, an ancient city on the west coast of India, boasts a rich history dating back to the 15th century. Once a thriving port city under the Mughal Empire, Surat played a significant role in trade, particularly with the Arab world. In the 17th century, the British East India Company established a presence in Surat, further solidifying its importance as a commercial hub. Over the centuries, the city has witnessed the rise and fall of various dynasties and empires, leaving behind a legacy of architectural wonders and cultural traditions.

Economy and Infrastructure

Today, Surat is a thriving metropolis and one of the largest cities in Gujarat. It is renowned for its diamond and textile industries, contributing significantly to India’s economy. Surat is also an important port city, handling a substantial volume of cargo trade. In recent years, the city has witnessed rapid infrastructure development, including the expansion of its airport and transportation network. The city boasts a modern urban landscape featuring high-rise buildings, shopping malls, and educational institutions, making it a vibrant and progressive center.