Surab Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Pakistan

Summer (June – September)

Surab, Pakistan, experiences scorching summers with average high temperatures ranging from 37°C (99°F) to 42°C (108°F). July and August are the hottest months, with maximum temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). The humidity levels are generally low, making the heat more bearable. However, dust storms are common during this time, reducing visibility and air quality. Rainfall is minimal during the summer months, averaging less than 25 mm (1 inch).

Winter (November – March)

Winters in Surab are mild, with average low temperatures dipping to around 5°C (41°F) and highs reaching up to 20°C (68°F). The coldest month is January, when temperatures can drop below 0°C (32°F) at night. Rainfall increases during this season, particularly during January and February, with an average of 50 mm (2 inches) per month. Occasional fog can also persist for several days, reducing visibility. The nights can be chilly, requiring warm clothing and blankets.

Historical Average Temperature in Surab, Pakistan

Surab, Pakistan, experiences a hot desert climate with extremely hot summers and mild winters. The average annual temperature in Surab is 29.4°C (85°F). The hottest month is June, with an average temperature of 35.6°C (96°F), while the coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 17.2°C (63°F).

The temperature in Surab can vary significantly throughout the year. During the summer months, temperatures can reach up to 50°C (122°F), while during the winter months, temperatures can drop below 0°C (32°F). The large temperature range is due to the city’s location in the Thar Desert, which is characterized by extreme temperatures.

The average annual precipitation in Surab is very low, at only 127 mm (5 inches). The majority of precipitation occurs during the summer months, when thunderstorms can bring heavy rain. During the winter months, precipitation is rare. The low precipitation is due to the city’s location in the rain shadow of the Himalayas.

Cloud Cover in Surab, Pakistan

Surab, a city located in Balochistan, Pakistan, experiences significant cloud cover throughout the year. During the monsoon season (July to September), thick clouds blanket the sky, bringing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. During this period, cloud cover often reaches 100%, obscuring the sun. The humidity levels are also high during the monsoon, further contributing to the cloud cover.

Outside of the monsoon season, cloud cover in Surab is more variable. From October to March, the city experiences a dry period with minimal rainfall. Cloud cover during this period is typically low, with clear skies and abundant sunshine. However, occasional weather systems can bring passing clouds, resulting in temporary increases in cloud cover. From April to June, the transition period between the dry and monsoon seasons, cloud cover gradually increases as the monsoon approaches.

Precipitation Patterns

Surab, Pakistan, experiences significant precipitation throughout the year, with two distinct seasons: the monsoon season and the dry season. During the monsoon season, which typically spans from July to September, heavy rainfall is common, resulting in substantial precipitation levels. The city receives an average annual precipitation of around 2,500 mm, with the bulk of it occurring during these monsoon months. The monsoon winds bring moisture from the Arabian Sea, causing intense and prolonged rainfall.

Seasonal Variations

In the dry season, which runs from October to June, precipitation decreases significantly. The city experiences occasional showers or light rain during this period, but these contribute only a small amount to the overall annual precipitation. The dry season is characterized by relatively warm temperatures and a lack of substantial rainfall. As a result, the city often experiences water shortages during this time, leading to water restrictions and conservation measures.

Seasonal Distribution and Patterns:

Rainfall in Surab, Pakistan, exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern, largely influenced by the monsoon system. The monsoon season, from July to September, brings heavy rainfall to the city, accounting for over 70% of the annual precipitation. During this period, Surab experiences frequent and intense downpours, often leading to flooding and other weather-related hazards. The annual rainfall in Surab ranges from 200 to 400 millimeters, with significant inter-annual variability.

Climate Change Impacts and Projections:

Climate change is expected to impact rainfall patterns in Surab in various ways. Projected increases in global temperatures are likely to intensify the monsoon season, leading to more frequent and severe rainfall events. This could result in an increase in the frequency and intensity of flooding, posing significant risks to infrastructure, livelihoods, and human health. Additionally, changes in rainfall distribution and timing could disrupt agricultural practices and water availability, further exacerbating socio-economic challenges in the region.

Cause of Snowfall in Surab, Pakistan

The unusual snowfall in Surab, Pakistan, which is located in the Balochistan province, can be attributed to a unique weather pattern. On January 27, 2023, a cold front from the north swept across the country, bringing cold and moist air with it. At the same time, a low-pressure system formed over the Arabian Sea, which caused humid air to converge over Pakistan. The combination of these factors led to heavy precipitation, which fell as snow at higher elevations like Surab, which is situated at an altitude of approximately 1,900 meters above sea level.

Impact of Snowfall on Surab and Surrounding Areas

The snowfall in Surab resulted in a picturesque winter wonderland, transforming the landscape into a blanket of white. However, the unexpected snowfall also brought challenges. Roads were blocked, making it difficult for residents to travel or access essential services. The heavy snow also damaged power lines, leading to widespread power outages. Agricultural activities were affected as well, as crops and livestock were at risk of being damaged by the cold and snow. The snowfall also caused disruptions to daily routines, with residents forced to stay indoors and schools and businesses closing temporarily.

Intensity and Sunlight Duration

Surab, Pakistan experiences abundant sunshine throughout the year. The average daily sunshine duration ranges from 8-12 hours, with the sunniest months being April to October. During this period, the sun’s intensity is high, with the region’s arid climate and clear skies allowing for optimal sunlight penetration.

Benefits and Impacts

The abundant sunshine brings numerous benefits to Surab. It promotes agricultural productivity, enabling the cultivation of a wide range of crops. Solar energy is also a viable source of electricity in the region, with solar panels commonly used to meet energy needs. However, prolonged exposure to the intense sunlight can pose certain health risks, including heatstroke and sun damage to the skin. Adequate precautions, such as wearing protective clothing and seeking shade, are therefore essential.

History of Moon in Surab

The history of the moon in Surab, Pakistan is a fascinating one that dates back centuries. The first known sighting of the moon in Surab was by the astronomer Abu al-Wafa in the 10th century. He recorded the sighting in his book, the “Kitab al-Majisti.” In the centuries that followed, the moon was often used as a navigational aid by travelers and sailors. It was also used to determine the beginning of the Islamic month of Ramadan.

Significance of Moon in Surab

The moon has always held a special significance in the lives of the people of Surab. It is regarded as a symbol of hope, renewal, and guidance. The moon is also used to mark important occasions, such as the Eid holidays and the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. In recent years, the moon has become a popular tourist attraction in Surab. Visitors from all over the world come to see the moon rise over the city’s skyline.

Humidity in Surab, Pakistan: Overview

Surab, Pakistan, experiences significant fluctuations in humidity levels throughout the year. During the monsoon season, from July to September, humidity levels soar, reaching an average of 75-85%. This high humidity, combined with the intense heat, can make it uncomfortable and even hazardous for residents.

In the winter months, from December to February, humidity levels drop significantly, with an average of around 35-45%. This dry air can cause discomfort for some individuals, leading to skin irritation and respiratory problems. However, the lower humidity levels also make it a more comfortable time to be outdoors and enjoy the cooler temperatures.

Seasonal Humidity Variations

Humidity levels in Surab vary dramatically with the changing seasons. During the summer months, the arrival of the monsoon brings heavy rainfall and high humidity levels. The moisture-laden air creates a muggy, oppressive atmosphere, with dew points often reaching 25-30 degrees Celsius or higher. This can lead to heat exhaustion and heatstroke if proper precautions are not taken.

In the winter, the lack of rainfall and the influence of continental air masses result in significantly lower humidity levels. The dry air can be bracing and uncomfortable for some, but it also offers a respite from the oppressive humidity of the monsoon season. Dew points typically range between 0-5 degrees Celsius during the winter months.

Wind Resources in Surab, Pakistan

Surab, Pakistan, situated in the Sindh province, boasts abundant wind resources, making it an alluring location for wind energy development. The region experiences consistent and strong winds throughout the year, particularly during the summer months of March to September. Studies have revealed that Surab possesses an average wind speed of approximately 7 meters per second at a hub height of 80 meters, at various locations within the region. This wind potential offers a promising opportunity for the utilization of wind energy to meet the growing electricity demands of the country.

Wind Farm Projects in Surab

Recognizing the immense wind energy potential in Surab, several wind farm projects have been established in the region, capturing the strong winds to generate clean and affordable electricity. The 50-megawatt (MW) Sachal Wind Farm, developed under the renewable energy policy of Pakistan, commenced operations in 2017 and contributes to the national grid. Additionally, other wind farm projects with varying capacities have either reached completion or are under development, further augmenting the wind energy portfolio in Surab. These projects not only generate renewable energy but also provide employment opportunities and contribute to the local economy.

Environmental Impact and Future Prospects

The development of wind farms in Surab provides environmental benefits by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. It aligns with Pakistan’s commitment to transition to sustainable energy sources and combat climate change. Future prospects for wind energy development in Surab remain promising, with ongoing efforts to identify suitable sites for further wind farm projects. The continued investment in wind energy will enhance Pakistan’s energy security, support economic growth, and align with the global shift toward decarbonization and sustainable energy solutions.

Ideal Season to Visit:

Surab, located in the Sindh province of Pakistan, offers a vibrant blend of history and culture. The best time to visit Surab is during the winter months from November to March. During this period, the weather is pleasant with temperatures hovering around 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. The skies are mostly clear, creating ideal conditions for sightseeing and outdoor activities. The absence of scorching heat and humidity makes it an enjoyable time to explore Surab’s historic sites, such as the Ranikot Fort, Sehwan Sharif, and the ancient city of Aror.

Other Favorable Seasons:

Although winter is considered the ideal time to visit Surab, other seasons also offer their own unique charms. The spring season, particularly April and May, offers a pleasant environment with moderate temperatures and blooming flowers. This time of year is suitable for nature enthusiasts who wish to witness the vibrant flora and fauna of the region. The monsoon season, from July to September, brings lush greenery and abundant rainfall, transforming the landscape into a verdant tapestry. However, it’s important to note that the monsoon rains can sometimes cause disruptions in daily life, so visitors are advised to plan their activities accordingly.

Potential and Challenges

Surab, Pakistan possesses notable potential for solar energy utilization. Its abundant sunshine and arid climate make it an ideal location for large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) projects. The region receives an average of 6.5-7 kWh/m2 of solar irradiance per day, offering excellent opportunities for power generation. However, the main challenge in harnessing this potential is the high cost of equipment and the lack of a supportive policy framework.

Current and Future Projects

Despite the challenges, there are several ongoing and planned solar energy projects in Surab. In 2019, the 100 MW Surab Solar Park was commissioned, becoming one of the largest solar PV plants in the country. This project has the capacity to generate approximately 210,000 MWh of clean energy annually, displacing fossil fuel consumption. In addition, plans are underway to establish a 50 MW solar PV plant in the area, further expanding Surab’s solar energy generation capabilities. With these projects, Surab is poised to become a major hub for solar energy production in Pakistan.

Landforms and River Systems

Surab, Pakistan, lies in the Thar Desert, a vast and arid region characterized by undulating sand dunes, scattered vegetation, and a lack of permanent surface water sources. The topography is generally flat, with occasional low-lying hills and plateaus. The region is drained by ephemeral rivers, such as the Nara and Hakro, which flow only during seasonal rainfall. These rivers have carved out shallow valleys and channels, providing some variation in the otherwise monotonous landscape.

Climate and Vegetation

Surab’s climate is hot and dry, with average temperatures ranging from 20°C to 35°C year-round. Precipitation is scarce, averaging less than 200mm annually. The vegetation in the area is sparse and adapted to the harsh conditions. Arid shrubs, such as acacia and prosopis, are dominant, along with drought-tolerant grasses and herbs. The lack of moisture has limited the growth of dense forests or permanent bodies of water in the region.

Nearest Airport to Surab, Pakistan

The nearest airport to Surab, Pakistan, is Quetta International Airport (UET). It is approximately 55 kilometers away from the city center of Surab and takes approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes to drive. Quetta International Airport is the largest airport in Balochistan province and serves domestic and international flights. Major airlines operating from Quetta Airport include Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), Airblue, and Serene Air. The airport offers flights to major cities in Pakistan, including Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, and Peshawar, as well as international destinations such as Dubai, Sharjah, and Muscat.

For travelers seeking direct flights to Surab, two options are available. First, passengers can take a direct flight from Karachi Jinnah International Airport (KHI) to Quetta International Airport (UET). This flight takes approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes. Alternatively, travelers can catch a direct flight from Islamabad International Airport (ISB) to Quetta International Airport (UET), which takes approximately 1 hour. Once in Quetta, travelers can take a taxi or rent a car to reach Surab.

Historical Significance

Surab, located in the Sindh province of Pakistan, holds immense historical significance. It is believed to have been founded by the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim during the 8th century AD. The city flourished as a major trading center between the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. In the 16th century, it fell under the rule of the Mughal Empire and remained an important city until the British colonization. Surab witnessed several battles and sieges throughout its history, leaving behind an intriguing legacy of ancient sites and fortifications.

Modern Development

In present times, Surab continues to play a vital role in the economic and cultural life of the region. It is a thriving commercial center with a busy marketplace and various industries. The city has experienced significant development in recent years, with the construction of modern infrastructure, educational institutions, and healthcare facilities. Surab is also home to a number of historical mosques, tombs, and shrines, which attract pilgrims and tourists alike. The preservation of these heritage sites ensures that the city’s rich past remains an integral part of its modern identity.