Sundsvall Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Sweden
Summer (June-August)
Sundsvall experiences a mild summer with average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 20°C (59°F to 68°F). The days are typically long and sunny, with an average of 18 hours of daylight. Rainfall is moderate, averaging around 60mm per month. The warm temperatures make this season ideal for outdoor activities such as swimming, hiking, and exploring the surrounding nature.
Winter (December-February)
In contrast to the summer, winter in Sundsvall is cold and dark. The average temperature drops to -5°C to -10°C (23°F to 14°F), and the days are short, with only about six hours of daylight. Snowfall is common, with an average of 60cm per month. The icy conditions can make it challenging to get around, but there are plenty of indoor activities to enjoy, such as visiting the local museums or attending cultural events.
Seasonal Averages
Sundsvall, Sweden, experiences distinct seasons with varying temperatures throughout the year. During the summer months (June to August), the average temperature is a pleasant 16 degrees Celsius (61 degrees Fahrenheit), providing comfortable warmth for outdoor activities and enjoying the coastal scenery. However, winters (December to February) are cold, with average temperatures dipping below freezing at -3 degrees Celsius (27 degrees Fahrenheit). Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) bring milder temperatures, with averages ranging from 2 to 9 degrees Celsius (36 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit).
Historic Data and Variability
Over the past decade, Sundsvall’s average temperature has fluctuated slightly, but the overall trend indicates a slight warming. The coldest months on record were January 1987 and February 1996, both with average temperatures of -10 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit). The warmest months were July 1994 and June 2018, both with average temperatures of 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit). While these extremes occur occasionally, Sundsvall generally maintains its temperate climate with predictable seasonal variations.
Formation and Types
Clouds in Sundsvall, Sweden, are primarily influenced by the region’s humid continental climate and proximity to the Baltic Sea. A combination of moisture from the sea, rising air masses, and temperature fluctuations fosters cloud formation. The most common cloud types in Sundsvall include stratus, cumulus, and cirrus. Stratus clouds are low-level, gray clouds that often cover the entire sky, resulting in overcast conditions. Cumulus clouds, on the other hand, are puffy clouds with distinct rounded edges. They typically form at higher elevations and can indicate fair or partly sunny weather. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds made of ice crystals. They occur at very high altitudes and are often associated with clear skies.
Seasonal Variations
Cloud cover in Sundsvall exhibits seasonal variations. During the summer months (June-August), cloud cover is typically lower, with more frequent sunshine. The higher temperatures and increased solar radiation favor the evaporation of moisture from the ground, resulting in clearer skies. In contrast, during the winter months (December-February), cloud cover is more prevalent due to lower temperatures and reduced solar radiation. The cold weather restricts evaporation, leading to higher humidity and the formation of more clouds. This denser cloud cover can result in longer periods of overcast weather and even snowstorms.
Precipitation Patterns
Sundsvall experiences moderate precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of around 560 mm (22 inches). The precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the seasons, with slightly higher amounts in the summer and autumn. However, there can be significant variation in precipitation from year to year, with some years receiving much more or less than the average.
Seasonal Variation
The wettest months in Sundsvall are July and August, with an average monthly precipitation of around 70 mm (2.8 inches). The driest month is February, with an average monthly precipitation of around 30 mm (1.2 inches). Snowfall is common during the winter months, with an average annual snowfall of around 100 cm (40 inches). The snowpack typically forms in November and December and melts away in March or April.
Average Rainfall and Distribution
Sundsvall, Sweden receives a moderate amount of rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of approximately 560 millimeters (22 inches). The rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the seasons, with slightly higher amounts in the late summer and early autumn. The wettest month is typically August, with an average rainfall of 70 millimeters (2.8 inches), while the driest month is February, with an average rainfall of 30 millimeters (1.2 inches).
Seasonal Patterns and Variability
During the winter months, precipitation often falls as snow due to the cold temperatures. The snowpack can accumulate significantly, providing a valuable source of water for the surrounding environment. In the spring, the snowpack melts and releases its stored water, contributing to higher river flows. During the summer months, rainfall is often associated with thunderstorms and can be more intense and localized. The autumn months bring a return to more evenly distributed rainfall, with occasional periods of heavy rain. However, annual rainfall amounts can vary considerably from year to year, influenced by factors such as changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and global climate variability.
Snowfall Patterns in Sundsvall
Sundsvall, a coastal city in northern Sweden, experiences significant snowfall during the winter months. The city’s location on the Gulf of Bothnia contributes to abundant snowfall, as cold air from the Arctic mixes with warmer air from the sea. The average annual snowfall in Sundsvall is around 80 inches, with snow typically falling from October to April. The heaviest snowfall occurs in January and February, when the city receives an average of over 20 inches of snow per month.
Impacts of Snowfall
The heavy snowfall in Sundsvall can have a significant impact on daily life. During the winter months, roads and sidewalks can become icy and hazardous, leading to increased traffic accidents and pedestrian injuries. Snowfall can also disrupt transportation, with delays and cancellations of flights and trains. Additionally, the weight of snow on buildings and power lines can cause structural damage and power outages. However, despite these challenges, snowfall also brings opportunities for winter sports and recreation, such as skiing, snowboarding, and ice fishing.
Summer Solstice
During the summer solstice in Sundsvall, Sweden, the sun shines for approximately 19 hours a day. This extended daylight period makes it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and boating. The city comes alive with festivals and events, such as the Sundsvall International Tattoo, where visitors can enjoy the unique spectacle of military bands and performers from around the world. The warm summer temperatures, reaching an average high of 23°C (73°F), create a pleasant atmosphere for strolls along the waterfront or picnics in the parks.
Winter Solstice
In contrast to the summer solstice, the winter solstice in Sundsvall brings significantly reduced daylight hours. The sun only rises for a mere 6 hours and 13 minutes on the shortest day, plunging the city into twilight. Despite the lack of sunlight, the winter season offers its own charm. The snow-covered landscape transforms Sundsvall into a winter wonderland, perfect for activities like cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and sledding. The city hosts the popular Christmas market, where visitors can browse unique crafts, indulge in traditional Swedish treats, and soak up the festive atmosphere. The Northern Lights can also occasionally be witnessed during clear winter nights, providing a breathtaking celestial display.
Moonrise and Moonset Times
In Sundsvall, Sweden, the moon rises and sets at different times throughout the year. The exact times vary depending on the day of the year and the observer’s location. During the summer months, the moon often rises late in the evening and sets early in the morning. This means that the moon is visible for a shorter period of time each night. In contrast, during the winter months, the moon typically rises earlier in the evening and sets later in the morning. As a result, the moon is visible for a longer period of time each night.
Moon Phases
As seen from Earth, the moon goes through different phases as it orbits the planet. These phases are caused by the changing angle at which sunlight strikes the moon. The most common phases are the new moon, crescent moon, first quarter moon, gibbous moon, full moon, and waning gibbous moon. The new moon occurs when the moon is between the Earth and the sun. During the new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth. The full moon occurs when the Earth is between the moon and the sun. During the full moon, the entire face of the moon is illuminated by sunlight. In Sundsvall, the best time to observe the different phases of the moon is during the summer months when the nights are shorter.
Seasonal Humidity Variation
Sundsvall, Sweden experiences significant variations in humidity levels throughout the year. During the summer months, from June to August, average relative humidity hovers around 75%, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. The warmest month, July, sees humidity levels peaking at an average of 80%. In contrast, winter brings much drier conditions, with average humidity dropping to 60% in January. This drier air can lead to dry skin and other discomfort.
Humidity Trends and Climate Change
Long-term trends indicate a gradual increase in humidity levels in Sundsvall. Over the past decade, average annual humidity has risen by approximately 2%, with the most significant increases occurring during the summer months. This trend is consistent with the global trend of increasing humidity due to climate change. As global temperatures rise, the atmosphere’s capacity to hold moisture increases, resulting in higher humidity levels. The increasing humidity in Sundsvall may have implications for human health, particularly during heat waves when high humidity can exacerbate heat-related illnesses.
Wind Patterns in Sundsvall
Sundsvall experiences a moderate wind regime with average wind speeds ranging between 5-15 kilometers per hour throughout the year. The prevailing wind direction is from the southwest, bringing moist air from the Norwegian Sea. This maritime influence contributes to the city’s relatively mild winters and cool summers. The strongest winds typically occur during the autumn and winter months, with gusts reaching up to 30 kilometers per hour. During these periods, Sundsvall’s exposed location on the coast can lead to strong winds that can affect daily life and outdoor activities.
Seasonal Variations in Wind
Sundsvall’s wind patterns exhibit seasonal variations. In the summer, winds tend to be lighter and more variable, with frequent sea breezes from the Gulf of Bothnia. These breezes provide a refreshing respite from the summer heat and attract windsurfers to the city’s coastal areas. During the winter, the prevailing southwesterly winds bring moisture that often condenses into snow, contributing to the region’s significant snowfall. The city’s sheltered location within Alnösundet helps to mitigate the force of the wind during the colder months, providing some protection from severe weather events.
Summer (June to August)
Sundsvall’s summer months offer long, sunny days and pleasant temperatures. The average temperature in July, the warmest month, is around 20°C (68°F). This makes it ideal for outdoor activities, such as hiking, biking, and swimming. The city also holds its annual street festival, Stenstan Live, in July, featuring live music, food stalls, and cultural events.
Winter (December to February)
Sundsvall’s winter is characterized by short, cold days and frequent snowfall. The average temperature in January, the coldest month, is around -6°C (21°F). While the cold can be harsh, it also provides opportunities for winter sports such as skiing, snowboarding, and ice fishing. The city’s annual Winter Festival in February offers ice sculptures, ice skating, and a range of winter activities.
Shoulder Seasons (March to May and September to November)
The shoulder seasons in Sundsvall offer a mix of both summer and winter weather. Spring (March to May) brings gradually rising temperatures and the return of greenery. This is an excellent time for hiking in the surrounding forests or visiting the botanical garden. Autumn (September to November) offers a mix of cool, sunny days and occasional rain. It’s an ideal season for admiring the changing foliage and participating in outdoor activities like apple picking or mushroom hunting.
Potential for Solar Energy
Sundsvall, Sweden offers promising conditions for solar energy utilization. With an annual solar radiation of approximately 1,000 kWh/m², the city experiences relatively high levels of sunshine, despite its northern latitude. The most suitable locations for solar panels are rooftops and open areas with minimal shading. However, due to Sundsvall’s cold climate, snow accumulation can reduce solar panel efficiency during winter months.
Current and Future Developments
Solar energy has gained traction in Sundsvall, with several notable installations. The city’s largest solar park, located in the Nacksta district, generates over 1 megawatt of electricity and supplies power to over 400 households. Additionally, smaller-scale solar projects have been implemented on public buildings and residential homes. With increasing awareness of renewable energy and government incentives, the adoption of solar energy in Sundsvall is expected to continue growing in the future.
Challenges and Opportunities
While Sundsvall has considerable potential for solar energy, it faces certain challenges. The city’s climate, while generally favorable, can pose limitations during winter due to reduced sunlight and snow cover. Additionally, the high cost of solar installations can be a barrier for widespread adoption. Nonetheless, continuous technological advancements and government support measures provide opportunities to overcome these challenges and accelerate the transition to solar energy in Sundsvall. By harnessing its solar resources, the city can make significant progress towards its sustainability goals and contribute to a cleaner energy future.
Natural Topography
Sundsvall’s topography is dominated by its coastal location on the Gulf of Bothnia, with an archipelago of islands extending offshore. The city center is situated on a narrow peninsula between the Alnösundet strait and the Selångersån river. The surrounding landscape comprises undulating hills, forests, and lakes, with the highest point being the 267-meter-high Himlaberget. The river deltas and wetlands along the coast provide important habitats for wildlife.
Urban Topography
The urban landscape of Sundsvall has evolved significantly over time. In the early days, the city was primarily a trading hub with wooden buildings clustered around the harbor. After the devastating fire of 1888, the city was rebuilt in a modern style with wide boulevards and grand public buildings. Today, Sundsvall is a modern city with a mix of historical and contemporary architecture. The central business district is located in the Norrmalm district, with residential areas and suburbs extending to the north, south, and west. The city’s parks and green spaces, such as the Stenstan and Johannedals parks, provide recreational opportunities and contribute to the urban environment’s overall livability.
Sundsvall-Timrå Airport (SDL)
Sundsvall-Timrå Airport (SDL) is the nearest airport to Sundsvall, Sweden. It is located approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) southwest of the city center. The airport serves both domestic and international flights, with connections to major cities in Sweden and Europe.
SDL is a small airport with a single terminal. It offers a variety of amenities, including a restaurant, café, and duty-free shop. The airport is well-connected to Sundsvall and the surrounding area by public transportation. There are regular bus services between the airport and the city center, as well as taxi and car rental services.
Other nearby airports
There are several other airports within a reasonable driving distance of Sundsvall. These include:
- Åre Östersund Airport (OSD): Located approximately 150 kilometers (93 miles) northwest of Sundsvall.
- Umeå Airport (UME): Located approximately 200 kilometers (124 miles) northeast of Sundsvall.
- Stockholm Arlanda Airport (ARN): Located approximately 350 kilometers (217 miles) southeast of Sundsvall.
However, SDL remains the most convenient airport for travelers visiting Sundsvall, due to its proximity to the city and the availability of direct flights from major hubs.
Industries and Economy
Sundsvall is a hub of industry and commerce in northern Sweden. Key sectors include pulp and paper production, with major manufacturers such as BillerudKorsnäs and Holmen operating in the area. Additionally, the city is home to a sizable IT industry, with companies like Ericsson and Net Insight having significant operations in Sundsvall. The city’s strategic location on the Gulf of Bothnia facilitates trade and export, further contributing to its economic growth.
Culture and Recreation
Sundsvall is known for its rich cultural scene and vibrant nightlife. The National Theatre of Norbotten stages a variety of performances throughout the year, while the Sundsvall Museum showcases the region’s history and heritage. The city also hosts several annual events, including the Sundsvall Tattoo, a military music festival, and the Storsjöyran, a summer festival with food, music, and entertainment. Sundsvall offers ample recreational opportunities, with parks, green spaces, and the scenic waterfront providing ample space for outdoor activities. The nearby Njurunda Skärgård National Park offers stunning coastal landscapes and opportunities for kayaking, fishing, and wildlife viewing.