Sumenep Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Indonesia

Temperature and Humidity

Sumenep, a regency on the island of Madura in Indonesia, experiences a tropical monsoon climate with consistent high temperatures throughout the year. The average daily temperature ranges from 26 to 30 degrees Celsius (78 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). The warmest months are April and September, with average temperatures reaching a peak of around 30 degrees Celsius. The coolest months are January and February, with average temperatures dropping to around 26 degrees Celsius. The humidity remains relatively high all year round, typically ranging from 75 to 90%.

Rainfall and Sunshine

Sumenep receives a significant amount of rainfall, averaging around 2,200 millimeters (87 inches) per year. The wettest months are December through March, during which time heavy rainfall is common. The driest months are June through September, with relatively low rainfall. Despite the abundant rainfall, Sumenep also enjoys a considerable amount of sunshine. The average number of sunshine hours per day ranges from 5 to 7, with slightly more sunshine during the drier months.

Average Temperature in Sumenep, Indonesia

Sumenep is a town located on the island of Madura in Indonesia. The average temperature in Sumenep throughout the year is around 28.3°C (82.9°F). The warmest months are April and May, with average temperatures of around 29°C (84.2°F). The coolest months are January and February, with average temperatures of around 27°C (80.6°F). Sumenep experiences a tropical monsoon climate, with a distinct wet season and dry season. The wet season runs from November to April, while the dry season runs from May to October. During the wet season, Sumenep experiences heavy rainfall, with an average of over 200mm of rain per month. During the dry season, rainfall is much less common, with an average of less than 100mm of rain per month.

The average humidity in Sumenep is around 80%. The humidity is highest during the wet season, when it can reach up to 90%. During the dry season, the humidity is lower, but it can still reach up to 70%. Sumenep is a popular tourist destination, and the weather is generally pleasant year-round. The best time to visit Sumenep is during the dry season, when there is less rainfall and the humidity is lower.

Cloud Formations in Sumenep, Indonesia

The sky above Sumenep, Indonesia, is a canvas for diverse cloud formations. The region experiences a humid tropical climate, influenced by both the Indian and Pacific Oceans. This confluence of moisture-rich air masses creates the ideal conditions for cloud development.

Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy cotton-like appearance, are common in Sumenep. These clouds often form at low altitudes and can bring brief showers. Stratus clouds, which appear as a featureless gray layer, cover the sky during overcast conditions. Cirrus clouds, thin and wispy, are composed of ice crystals and are typically found at high altitudes. They often indicate fair weather.

Cumulonimbus clouds, towering anvil-shaped giants, are responsible for thunderstorms. These clouds are associated with strong updrafts and downpours, sometimes accompanied by lightning and hail. During the monsoon season, Sumenep experiences heavy rainfall and frequent thunderstorms, with cumulonimbus clouds dominating the sky.

Monthly Precipitation Patterns

Sumenep, Indonesia, experiences significant temporal variations in precipitation throughout the year. The wettest months are December to May, with an average monthly rainfall exceeding 200 mm. During this period, heavy downpours are frequent, and the region is prone to flooding. In contrast, the driest months are June to October, with average monthly rainfall below 100 mm. This season is characterized by reduced rainfall and a higher likelihood of drought conditions.

Annual Precipitation Variability

The annual precipitation in Sumenep exhibits significant variability, influenced by both local and global climate factors. In general, the annual rainfall ranges from 1,500 to 2,500 mm, with occasional extreme events resulting in significantly higher or lower precipitation. Long-term records indicate that El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events can significantly impact precipitation patterns in Sumenep. During El Niño years, the region typically experiences reduced rainfall, while La Niña years are associated with increased precipitation. The variability in annual precipitation has implications for agriculture, water resources management, and disaster preparedness in the region.

Rainfall Patterns in Sumenep

Sumenep, an island district in East Java, Indonesia, experiences a tropical monsoon climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically lasts from October to April, influenced by the northwest monsoon winds, which bring abundant rainfall. During this period, Sumenep receives a substantial amount of precipitation, with monthly rainfall often exceeding 200 mm. The driest months are from June to September, when the southeast monsoon winds dominate, resulting in significantly reduced rainfall. During these months, monthly rainfall typically falls below 100 mm.

Rainfall Variability and Extreme Events

Rainfall in Sumenep is characterized by considerable variability from year to year. Droughts can occur during the dry season, particularly in August and September. The absence of rainfall during these months can lead to water shortages and negatively impact agricultural production. Conversely, heavy rainfall events, including thunderstorms and flash floods, are common during the wet season. These events can cause flooding, damage infrastructure, and disrupt daily life. Sumenep’s geographical location makes it susceptible to tropical cyclones and associated heavy rainfall, which can further intensify the risk of flooding and landslides.

Snowfall in Sumenep, Indonesia: A Rare Occurrence

In a tropical region known for its sweltering heat and lush greenery, the occurrence of snowfall in Sumenep, Indonesia, came as a bewildering surprise. On July 8, 2021, parts of the district were blanketed in a thin layer of white, raising eyebrows and captivating the attention of the nation. The phenomenon, attributed to extreme weather conditions, marked a historic event for the Indonesian island of Madura. Residents and visitors alike marveled at the surreal sight, capturing numerous images and videos that flooded social media platforms. Scientific analysis suggests that a combination of intense rainfall, low temperatures, and the presence of freezing air pockets high in the atmosphere led to the formation of snowflakes.

Impact and Significance of the Snowfall

The snowfall in Sumenep, while a meteorologically intriguing event, had minimal impact on the local community. Due to the ephemeral nature of the snowfall and the relatively small area affected, there were no reports of disruptions to daily life or damage to infrastructure. However, the incident garnered widespread attention and became a subject of discussion among scientists and meteorologists. It underscored the potential for extreme weather events in unexpected regions and the need for further research into such occurrences. Additionally, the snowfall provided an awe-inspiring spectacle for locals, offering a rare glimpse of a winter wonderland in the heart of the tropics.

Sunlight Intensity
Sumenep, Indonesia, experiences intense sunlight throughout the year due to its proximity to the equator. The average daily solar radiation in Sumenep is approximately 5.5 kWh/m², which is significantly higher than the global average. During the dry season, from April to October, the sunlight intensity is at its peak, with average daily radiation values exceeding 6 kWh/m². This intense sunlight makes Sumenep an ideal location for solar energy projects.

Solar Energy Potential
The high solar radiation in Sumenep has led to the development of several solar power plants in the region. The largest of these is the 70 MW Sumenep Solar Power Plant, which was commissioned in 2019. This plant has an annual electricity generation capacity of approximately 120 GWh, enough to power over 100,000 homes. Additionally, numerous smaller-scale solar installations have been deployed throughout the region, contributing to the growth of the local renewable energy sector. The abundant sunlight in Sumenep offers significant potential for further development of solar energy projects, making it a key area for the transition to sustainable energy sources in Indonesia.

Moon in Sumenep

The moon is a beautiful celestial body that has been observed and studied for centuries. In Sumenep, Indonesia, the moon holds a special significance. The moon is often used to determine the time of day, and it is also used to guide farmers in their planting and harvesting activities. The moon is also a source of inspiration for poets and artists, and it is often featured in traditional Sumenepese folklore.

The moon appears in various phases throughout the month. The new moon is the phase when the moon is not visible from Earth. The waxing moon is the phase when the moon is gradually growing in size. The full moon is the phase when the entire moon is visible from Earth. The waning moon is the phase when the moon is gradually decreasing in size. Each phase of the moon has its own unique characteristics and significance.

Monthly Humidity Variations

Throughout the year, Sumenep experiences varying levels of humidity. The most humid months are November to April, when the average relative humidity often exceeds 80%. During these months, the air tends to be thick and heavy, particularly during the early morning hours. The least humid months are June to September, when the average relative humidity drops to around 70%. This time of year offers more comfortable conditions with a lighter, drier feel to the air.

Seasonal Patterns

Humidity in Sumenep generally follows seasonal patterns. During the wet season (November to April), the higher humidity levels are primarily due to the increased rainfall and moisture in the atmosphere. The constant rainfall creates a more humid environment, making the air feel muggy and oppressive. In contrast, during the dry season (May to October), the humidity levels decrease as there is less rainfall and evaporation. This results in a drier, less蒸し暑い air mass, providing a more pleasant climate for outdoor activities.

Wind Characteristics and Patterns

Sumenep, Indonesia, is prominently characterized by its distinct wind patterns and conditions. The region experiences a pronounced seasonal variation in wind speed and direction due to the influence of the monsoon system. During the northwest monsoon period, from December to March, strong northeasterly winds prevail, often reaching speeds of 15 to 25 knots. These winds primarily emanate from the Australian continent and can generate rough sea conditions along the coastlines. Conversely, during the southeast monsoon period, from April to October, the winds tend to be gentler and more variable, shifting towards a southwesterly direction.

Impact on Local Climate and Activities

The prevailing wind patterns in Sumenep have a profound impact on the local climate and daily life. The strong northeasterly winds during the northwest monsoon contribute to a drier climate with less rainfall. The forceful winds can also pose challenges for outdoor activities such as fishing and sailing, as they can create choppy waters and strong currents. Conversely, the milder winds during the southeast monsoon provide more favorable conditions for these activities. Additionally, the wind conditions influence the behavior of fish populations, affecting the livelihoods of local fishermen. Understanding the seasonal wind patterns and incorporating them into fishing strategies is crucial for maximizing catch and ensuring safety at sea.

Dry Season (April to October)

Sumenep’s dry season offers the ideal time to visit for those seeking warm and sunny weather. This period is characterized by minimal rainfall, with temperatures hovering around a pleasant 27-30 degrees Celsius (81-86 degrees Fahrenheit). The clear skies and gentle sea breezes provide optimal conditions for enjoying outdoor activities, such as beach relaxation, snorkeling, surfing, and hiking. Additionally, the lack of humidity makes this time of year particularly comfortable for exploration and adventure. Cultural events and festivals are also often held during the dry season, adding to the vibrant atmosphere of the island.

Rainy Season (November to March)

While the rainy season may not be as inviting for outdoor activities, it still offers its own unique charm. The lush greenery and abundant rainfall create a picturesque and verdant landscape. Temperatures remain warm throughout this period, typically ranging from 26-29 degrees Celsius (79-84 degrees Fahrenheit), with higher humidity. For those who don’t mind the occasional showers, the rainy season presents opportunities for quiet contemplation, birdwatching, and immersing oneself in the island’s natural beauty. Additionally, the lower number of tourists during this time can result in more affordable accommodation and tours.

Potential for Solar Energy in Sumenep

Sumenep, an island district in East Java, Indonesia, holds significant potential for solar energy development due to its abundant sunshine throughout the year. The average daily solar radiation in Sumenep ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m²). This high solar insolation makes the region suitable for both rooftop and ground-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.

The local government of Sumenep has recognized the potential of solar energy and has taken steps to promote its development. In 2020, the district launched a program to install rooftop solar panels on 10,000 households. The program aims to reduce electricity costs for residents while also contributing to the district’s renewable energy goals. In addition, the government has designated several areas for large-scale solar power plants, including a 100-hectare site in the village of Nonggunong.

Mountains and Hills

Sumenep’s topography is characterized by numerous mountains and hills, adding a scenic and mountainous backdrop to the landscape. Mount Gadis, with an elevation of 1,245 meters, is the highest point in the regency. Other notable mountains include Mount Ampel (793 meters) and Mount Ketapang (540 meters). These peaks offer breathtaking views, hiking trails, and opportunities for nature exploration. The hills, such as Aeng Saregen Hill and Aeng Ganten Hill, provide panoramic vistas of the surrounding countryside, making them popular spots for picnics and relaxation.

Coastal Features

Sumenep’s topography also features diverse coastal features. The northern coast boasts long, sandy beaches, perfect for swimming, sunbathing, and enjoying the ocean breeze. The southern coast is punctuated by numerous peninsulas, islands, and coral reefs, creating a mesmerizing blend of land and sea. Poteran Island, with its white-sand beaches and crystal-clear waters, is a popular tourist destination. Additionally, the coastal areas are home to mangroves and salt flats, which provide important habitats for wildlife and contribute to the local economy through fishing and salt production.

Blimbing Sari Airport (SUP)

Blimbing Sari Airport (SUP) is the nearest airport to Sumenep, Indonesia. It is located in the district of Dungkek, approximately 20 kilometers southwest of Sumenep city center. SUP serves as a regional airport, primarily connecting Sumenep to other destinations within East Java and neighboring provinces. The airport has a single runway that can accommodate small to medium-sized aircraft. Airlines operating at SUP include Wings Air, Citilink, and Batik Air.

Transportation to Sumenep City

To reach Sumenep city from Blimbing Sari Airport, several transportation options are available. Passengers can choose from taxis, rental cars, or public transportation. Taxis are readily available at the airport and offer a convenient mode of transportation directly to the city center. Rental cars are also available for hire, providing flexibility and independence during your stay. Public transportation is a more economical option, with buses and minibuses operating regularly between the airport and Sumenep city. The journey to the city center typically takes around 30-45 minutes.

Natural Beauty and Coastal Heritage

Sumenep, a regency located in the north-eastern part of East Java, Indonesia, boasts a captivating natural beauty. The regency’s coastline stretches along the Madura Strait, offering stunning sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters. Gili Iyang, also known as the Blue Fire Island, is a popular destination for its enigmatic blue flames that illuminate the night sky.

The Sumenep Archipelago, consisting of smaller islands such as Sapeken, Nongsa, and Sepanjang, offers picturesque landscapes, marine biodiversity, and historical significance. The archipelago is renowned for its unique marine life and serves as a haven for marine enthusiasts and divers.