Subulussalam Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Indonesia

Cold Season (May to September)

During the cold season, Subulussalam experiences relatively cool and dry weather. Average daytime temperatures range between 22°C (72°F) and 25°C (77°F), while nighttime temperatures typically hover around 17°C (63°F). The humidity levels are generally low, providing a comfortable climate. However, occasional rainfall can occur during the transition months of May and September.

Wet Season (October to April)

In contrast to the cold season, the wet season in Subulussalam is characterized by heavy rainfall and high humidity. Average daytime temperatures remain around 25°C (77°F), but nighttime temperatures tend to be warmer, ranging from 19°C (66°F) to 22°C (72°F). The frequent and intense rainfall can lead to flooding, especially during the peak months of December to February. The humidity levels soar during this period, making the air feel muggy and uncomfortable.

Average Temperature in Subulussalam, Indonesia

Subulussalam is a city located in the Aceh province of Indonesia, situated in the northern part of Sumatra island. The city has a tropical rainforest climate, characterized by consistently high temperatures throughout the year. On average, the temperature in Subulussalam ranges between 22°C (72°F) and 32°C (90°F), with little seasonal variation.

The hottest months in Subulussalam are typically April and May, during which the average temperature can reach up to 32°C (90°F). During these months, the city experiences high levels of humidity and frequent rainfall. The coolest months, on the other hand, are usually December and January, with average temperatures dipping down to around 22°C (72°F). However, even during these cooler months, temperatures rarely fall below 20°C (68°F). The average annual temperature in Subulussalam is approximately 27°C (81°F).

Cloud Cover and Patterns

Subulussalam’s cloud cover varies throughout the year, influenced by seasons and weather patterns. During the rainy season, which spans from October to April, cloudiness is prevalent, with frequent overcast conditions and occasional thunderstorms. The wet season is characterized by cumulonimbus clouds, which produce heavy rainfall and can bring lightning.

In contrast, the dry season, from May to September, experiences less cloud cover. During this time, clear skies and sunshine are common, with occasional scattered clouds. Cirrus and cumulus clouds are prevalent during the dry season, indicating fair and stable weather conditions. The presence of stratus decks may indicate approaching precipitation, but rainfall is less frequent compared to the rainy season.

Altitude and Topography

Subulussalam’s mountainous topography also influences cloud formation. As air rises over mountains, it cools and condenses, forming clouds. The higher elevations often experience higher cloud cover than the lower areas. During the rainy season, clouds can engulf the peaks, creating a misty and ethereal atmosphere.

The topography also affects cloud patterns. Valleys tend to trap cold air, creating conditions conducive to the formation of low-level clouds, such as fog and stratus. Conversely, ridges and peaks promote cloud dissipation due to increased air movement and exposure to sunlight.

Annual Precipitation

Subulussalam experiences a significant amount of precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,900 millimeters (114 inches). The rainy season typically spans from October to May, during which time the area receives the majority of its rainfall. The wettest month is December, with an average rainfall of over 400 millimeters (16 inches), while the driest month is September, with an average rainfall of around 100 millimeters (4 inches).

Seasonal Variability

The precipitation in Subulussalam exhibits distinct seasonal patterns. During the monsoon season, which lasts from November to March, the prevailing winds from the Indian Ocean bring abundant moisture to the region, resulting in heavy rainfall. The onset of the monsoon typically marks a surge in precipitation, with daily rainfall often exceeding 100 millimeters (4 inches). In contrast, the dry season, from June to September, is characterized by reduced rainfall and drier conditions. The prevailing winds during this period originate from the Australian continent and bring less moisture to the area. As a result, the average monthly rainfall during the dry season is significantly lower compared to the monsoon season.

Rainfall Patterns:

Subulussalam experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by year-round rainfall. The heaviest precipitation occurs during the wet season, which lasts from October to April. During this time, the city receives an average of 250-300 millimeters (10-12 inches) of rain per month. The dry season spans from May to September, with rainfall averaging 100-150 millimeters (4-6 inches) per month.

Rainfall Impact:

The abundant rainfall has a significant impact on Subulussalam’s environment and economy. The heavy rains support lush vegetation and contribute to the city’s scenic surroundings. However, excessive rainfall can also lead to flooding, which has caused damage to infrastructure and affected livelihoods. To mitigate the impact of floods, the city has implemented measures such as building drainage channels and flood retention ponds. Additionally, the abundant rainfall supports the cultivation of crops such as rice, vegetables, and fruits, contributing to the local economy and food security.

Historical Snowfall

Subulussalam, a city in Indonesia’s Aceh province, experienced a rare winter snowfall on January 31, 2018. This is the first recorded snowfall in the city’s history and marks a significant weather event for the region. The snowfall occurred due to a combination of cold temperatures and high humidity, which resulted in the formation of ice crystals and snow accumulation.

Climate Conditions

The snowfall in Subulussalam is attributed to the influence of the Asian monsoon system, which brings in cold and wet air from the north. The city is located at an elevation of approximately 1,200 meters above sea level, contributing to the cooler temperatures. The snowfall also occurred during a period of extreme cold, with temperatures dropping to below freezing at night. The snowfall persisted for several hours, covering the city in a blanket of white, much to the surprise and delight of its residents.

Sunrise and Sunset in Subulussalam

Subulussalam, Indonesia, is situated near the equator, leading to relatively consistent sunrise and sunset times throughout the year. Sunrise typically occurs around 6:00 AM local time, with the bright orange orb rising above the lush greenery of the surrounding hills. By 7:00 AM, the sun has usually cleared the horizon, casting a warm golden glow over the city and its surroundings. Sunset, on the other hand, takes place around 6:00 PM, with the sun gradually descending towards the western horizon. By 7:00 PM, it has usually set below the horizon, leaving behind a beautiful display of colors in the sky.

Daylight Hours in Subulussalam

Subulussalam’s location near the equator means that it experiences almost equal amounts of daylight throughout the year. On average, the city receives around 12 hours of daylight per day. However, due to atmospheric conditions and the Earth’s tilt, there are slight variations in daylight hours throughout the year. During the December solstice, the shortest day of the year, Subulussalam receives around 11 hours and 30 minutes of daylight. Conversely, during the June solstice, the longest day of the year, the city enjoys approximately 12 hours and 30 minutes of daylight.

Moonrise and Moonset Times

In the city of Subulussalam, Indonesia, the timing of moonrise and moonset varies throughout the month. For instance, on January 1, 2023, the moon is expected to rise at 6:55 PM and set at 6:02 AM the next day. In contrast, on February 1, 2023, the moon will rise at 7:38 PM and set at 7:13 AM. These timings are influenced by factors such as the moon’s orbit around the Earth and the Earth’s rotation on its axis.

Moon Phases

The appearance of the moon as seen from Subulussalam undergoes a cycle of phases. The new moon phase, when the moon is not visible from Earth, typically occurs around day 29 of the lunar cycle. As the cycle progresses, the moon gradually transforms from a thin crescent to a half-moon to a gibbous moon, and finally to a full moon around day 15. During the full moon phase, the entire face of the moon is illuminated by sunlight and visible from Earth. After the full moon, the moon’s illuminated area gradually decreases until it reaches the new moon phase again.

Humidity levels

Subulussalam, Indonesia experiences consistently high humidity levels throughout the year, with an average relative humidity of around 80%. The humidity is generally highest during the wet season, which runs from October to April, when it can reach up to 90%. During the dry season, from May to September, the humidity is slightly lower, but still remains at an average of around 75%.

Impact of humidity

The high humidity in Subulussalam can have a significant impact on human comfort and health. It can make people feel hot and uncomfortable, and can also exacerbate respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis. The high humidity can also damage buildings and other structures, as it can cause mold and mildew to grow.

Wind Patterns in Subulussalam

Subulussalam, located in the Aceh province of Indonesia, experiences a complex wind regime influenced by its geographic location and topography. The city is situated in a mountainous region, with the Bukit Barisan mountains forming a natural barrier to the west. This mountainous terrain channels prevailing winds from the northeast and southwest, resulting in distinct wind patterns throughout the year. During the wet season from October to March, the dominant northeasterly winds known as the “monsoon” bring abundant rainfall to the region. These winds are generally strong and persistent, reaching speeds of up to 30 kilometers per hour.

Seasonal Variations in Wind Speed and Direction

Seasonal variations in wind speed and direction are evident in Subulussalam. During the dry season from April to September, the prevailing winds shift to the southwest and become weaker. The weakened winds and decreased precipitation during this period contribute to the dry conditions. Wind speeds typically range from 15 to 25 kilometers per hour during the dry season. Additionally, the city’s topography plays a role in shaping local wind patterns, with prevailing winds often channeled through valleys and around mountains, resulting in localized wind variations.

Dry Season (April-October):

The dry season in Subulussalam is the ideal time to visit as it offers the best weather conditions. The skies are predominantly clear, with minimal rainfall, ensuring a pleasant and enjoyable outdoor experience. The lower humidity levels during this time of year contribute to a more comfortable stay, allowing travelers to explore the area’s natural attractions hassle-free. The lack of precipitation also makes it convenient to embark on trekking and other outdoor activities without the fear of slippery trails or unexpected downpours.

Shoulder Months (March and November):

The shoulder months of March and November provide a transitional period between the dry and wet seasons. While it is possible to encounter some rainfall during this time, the showers tend to be less frequent and intense compared to the rainy season. As the weather transitions, travelers may witness a gradual increase in humidity. However, the shoulder months still offer a favorable time to visit Subulussalam as the climate is generally mild and pleasant. With fewer tourists during these periods, visitors can enjoy a more relaxed and intimate experience while exploring the area’s natural wonders.

Current Status of Solar Energy in Subulussalam, Indonesia

Subulussalam, a city in the province of Aceh, Indonesia, has recently emerged as a promising hub for solar energy development. The region boasts abundant sunlight, making it an ideal location for harnessing solar power. In recent years, there has been a surge in the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, both on a residential and commercial scale.

The Indonesian government has actively supported the adoption of solar energy through various incentives and programs. These initiatives have encouraged local businesses and households to invest in solar installations, contributing to a growing solar energy landscape in Subulussalam. Several large-scale solar farms have also been established in the city, further boosting the region’s solar capacity.

Mountains

The topography of Subulussalam, Indonesia, is characterized by a number of mountain ranges, including the Bukit Barisan Mountains. These mountains run along the western coast of Sumatra and form a natural barrier between the coastal plains and the interior of the island. The highest peak in the Bukit Barisan Mountains is Mount Kerinci, which has an elevation of 3,805 meters. Other notable mountains in the area include Mount Leuser, Mount Singgalang, and Mount Marapi.

Valleys and Plains

The mountains of Subulussalam are interspersed with a number of valleys and plains. These lowlands are home to a variety of agricultural activities, including rice cultivation and vegetable farming. The largest valley in the area is the Alas Valley, which is located in the southern part of the province. Other notable valleys include the Singkil Valley and the Kluet Valley. The plains of Subulussalam are mostly located along the coast and are home to a number of coastal villages and towns.

Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (BTJ)

Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (BTJ), located approximately 222 kilometers (138 miles) from Subulussalam, is the nearest airport serving the city. Situated in Blang Bintang, Aceh Besar Regency, BTJ is the primary gateway to Aceh province and offers domestic and international flights to various destinations within Indonesia and Southeast Asia. Major airlines operating from BTJ include Garuda Indonesia, Citilink, Lion Air, and AirAsia. The airport has a single runway and a modern terminal building with facilities such as ATMs, currency exchange counters, and duty-free shops. Ground transportation options from BTJ to Subulussalam include buses, taxis, and rental cars.

Alternative Airports

While Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport is the closest airport to Subulussalam, there are other airports in nearby cities that offer alternative options for travelers. Binaka Airport (TPL) in Takengon, Aceh Tengah Regency, is approximately 170 kilometers (106 miles) from Subulussalam. However, TPL primarily serves domestic flights within Indonesia, with limited connectivity to major hubs. Alternatively, Kualanamu International Airport (KNO) in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, is approximately 240 kilometers (149 miles) from Subulussalam. KNO offers a wider range of domestic and international flights, including connections to major cities in Indonesia, Asia, and the Middle East.

Geography and Economy

Subulussalam is a city located in the province of Aceh in Indonesia on the island of Sumatra. It encompasses an area of around 1,300 square kilometers and is bounded by Central Aceh Regency to the north and east, South Aceh Regency to the south, and North Sumatra Province to the west. The terrain of Subulussalam is predominantly mountainous, with lush tropical rainforests and several major rivers, including the Singkil and Alas. The economy of Subulussalam is primarily based on agriculture, particularly the cultivation of palm oil, rubber, and coffee. The city is also home to several small-scale industries, such as food processing and manufacturing.

Culture and History

Subulussalam has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by both traditional Acehnese and Malay customs. The majority of the population adheres to Islam, and the city is renowned for its beautiful mosques and religious traditions. Subulussalam has a long and fascinating history, dating back to the days of the ancient Srivijaya Kingdom. The city was once an important trading center and port, and it also served as a strategic military stronghold during the colonial period. Today, Subulussalam is a vibrant and modern city, while still preserving many of its traditional cultural practices.