Sitamarhi Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Summer (April-June)

Sitamarhi experiences scorching summers, with scorching temperatures ranging from 30°C (86°F) to 43°C (109.4°F). The heat is accompanied by high humidity levels, making the weather uncomfortable. Rainfall is scarce during this period, with only occasional showers. As the summer progresses, the heat intensifies, reaching its peak in May and June.

Monsoon (July-September)

The monsoon season brings much-needed respite from the summer heat. Heavy rainfall occurs, with monthly averages exceeding 300 mm (12 inches). The downpours can be intense and prolonged, causing flooding. Temperatures remain moderate, hovering around 30°C (86°F), with high levels of humidity. The monsoon season is vital for agriculture in Sitamarhi, replenishing water resources and promoting crop growth.

Overview

Sitamarhi is a city in Bihar, India, situated in the fertile plains of the Terai region. The city experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterized by hot summers and mild winters. The average temperature in Sitamarhi varies significantly throughout the year, with distinct seasonal variations.

Summer (March-June)

Summer in Sitamarhi is typically hot and humid, with temperatures rising steadily from March onwards. The hottest months are May and June, with average temperatures ranging from 30 to 36 degrees Celsius (86 to 97 degrees Fahrenheit). During this period, the city receives minimal rainfall, and the heat can be oppressive at times. The high humidity levels add to the discomfort, making it challenging to spend extended periods outdoors.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation Patterns

Sitamarhi, India, experiences significant cloud cover throughout the year, with varying intensity during different seasons. During the monsoon season (June to September), the region witnesses heavy precipitation and overcast skies, bringing much-needed rainfall for agriculture and water resources. The monsoon clouds are primarily composed of cumulonimbus clouds, characterized by towering anvil tops and frequent thunderstorms.

Influence on Climate and Agriculture

The cloud cover in Sitamarhi plays a crucial role in shaping the region’s climate. Clouds act as a natural canopy, regulating surface temperatures and preventing extreme temperature fluctuations. They also contribute to the formation of fog and dew, which can provide moisture for crops during the dry season. Additionally, the monsoon clouds bring a significant amount of rainfall, which is essential for agriculture in the region. The timing and intensity of the monsoon rains can significantly impact crop yields and agricultural productivity.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Sitamarhi, India experiences a subtropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The annual precipitation in Sitamarhi is heavily influenced by the monsoon winds. During the southwest monsoon season from June to September, the region receives the bulk of its precipitation. This period typically brings heavy rainfall, often resulting in flooding in low-lying areas. In contrast, the period from October to May is relatively dry. During this time, Sitamarhi receives minimal rainfall, with occasional showers during the winter months.

Seasonal Distribution

The monthly distribution of precipitation in Sitamarhi shows a clear pattern. July is the wettest month, with an average rainfall of over 350 millimeters. August and September receive similar amounts of precipitation, with averages around 250 millimeters. Precipitation decreases significantly in October, marking the onset of the dry season. From November to April, rainfall is minimal, with monthly averages below 50 millimeters. May marks the transition back to the wet season, with increasing precipitation levels.

Rainfall Patterns:

Sitamarhi, located in the Mithila region of India, experiences significant rainfall during the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September. The monsoon rains are influenced by the southwest monsoon winds that bring moisture from the Bay of Bengal. The average annual rainfall in Sitamarhi is around 1,200 millimeters, with the majority of the rain falling during the monsoon months. The rainfall is typically heavy and intense, often leading to flooding and waterlogging in the area.

Variation and Impacts:

The rainfall in Sitamarhi can vary significantly from year to year. In some years, the monsoon rains may be weak or delayed, leading to drought conditions. In other years, the rains may be excessively heavy, causing widespread flooding and crop damage. The variability in rainfall can have a significant impact on the local agriculture, which is heavily dependent on rainfall for irrigation. Farmers often struggle to adjust their cropping patterns to the unpredictable rainfall patterns, resulting in crop losses and financial setbacks. Additionally, the heavy rainfall during the monsoon season can lead to infrastructure damage, transportation disruptions, and health concerns.

Unexpected Snowfall in Sitamarhi

On January 15, 2023, a rare snowfall event occurred in Sitamarhi district of Bihar, India. The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, blanketed the region in a thin layer of white, creating a picturesque winter wonderland. The snowfall caught residents and tourists alike by surprise, as such a phenomenon is highly unusual in this part of the country. The last snowfall in the district was recorded over a century ago, making this recent event truly remarkable.

Effects of the Snowfall

The snowfall disrupted daily life in Sitamarhi, causing road closures and power outages. The sudden change in weather conditions also impacted agriculture, with farmers concerned about the potential damage to crops. However, the snowfall also brought joy and excitement to the residents, who flocked to streets to witness the rare spectacle. Children built snowmen and engaged in snowball fights, while adults marveled at the beautiful winter scenery. Social media platforms were flooded with images and videos of the snowfall, showcasing the unique experience that had descended upon Sitamarhi.

Sun in Sitamarhi, India: Climate and Weather Patterns

The town of Sitamarhi in the state of Bihar, India, experiences a tropical wet and dry climate. The sun plays a significant role in shaping the climate of the region. During the summer months (April-June), temperatures can soar to as high as 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit). The intense sunlight and high temperatures can lead to heat waves and prolonged periods of drought.

During the winter months (December-February), temperatures drop significantly to an average of 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). The sun’s presence is less intense during this time, and the days are shorter. However, the winter season is often mild and pleasant, providing a respite from the extreme heat of the summer months.

Sun and Agricultural Practices

Agriculture is the primary occupation in Sitamarhi, and the sun’s presence has a direct impact on agricultural practices. The abundant sunlight during the summer months allows for the cultivation of a wide range of crops, including rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane. Farmers rely on the sun’s energy to provide warmth and light for optimal plant growth.

However, the scorching heat and unpredictable rainfall patterns during the summer can also pose challenges for farmers. Prolonged droughts can damage crops and lead to crop failures. Additionally, the intense sunlight can cause sunburn and heat-related illnesses among farmers working in the fields. Appropriate measures, such as irrigation systems and protective clothing, are necessary to mitigate these risks and ensure agricultural productivity.

Moon in Sitamarhi, India

The moon, our celestial neighbor, holds great significance in the cultural and spiritual fabric of Sitamarhi, India. As the largest city in the Sitamarhi district, it is steeped in ancient traditions and beliefs that venerate the moon. The name “Sitamarhi” itself translates to “the land of Sita,” where Sita, the revered Hindu goddess from the epic Ramayana, is believed to have been born.

During the full moon night, known as “Purnima,” the city comes alive with festivities and rituals. The most notable event is the “Chandra Darshan,” a ceremonial viewing of the moon. Devotees gather at various temples and open spaces to offer prayers, perform rituals, and seek blessings from the celestial body. The moon is believed to represent purity, fertility, and good fortune. Many people also practice fasting and meditation on this auspicious occasion.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Sitamarhi, India, experiences significant variations in humidity throughout the year. During the monsoon season (June to September), humidity levels soar to an average of approximately 80-90%. The high moisture content in the air creates a humid atmosphere, making it uncomfortable for many people. However, during the winter months (October to March), humidity levels drop significantly, averaging between 40-60%. This decrease in humidity makes the weather more pleasant and allows for greater comfort outdoors.

Impact on Health and Comfort

Extreme humidity can have adverse effects on human health. High humidity levels can cause discomfort, heat stress, and respiratory problems in vulnerable populations. It also contributes to dehydration and can exacerbate existing health conditions. Additionally, high humidity can make it difficult to regulate body temperature, leading to a feeling of being uncomfortably warm. Conversely, low humidity levels can lead to dry skin, respiratory irritation, and static electricity. Optimal humidity levels range between 40-50%, and deviations from this range can cause various health issues.

Wind Speed and Direction

In Sitamarhi, India, the prevalent wind direction varies throughout the year. During the monsoon season (June to September), winds primarily blow from the southwest, bringing moisture and heavy rainfall. From October to March, winds shift to the northeast, characterized by cooler and drier conditions. Year-round, wind speeds are generally moderate, averaging between 8 and 12 kilometers per hour (5 and 7.5 miles per hour). However, during the pre-monsoon season (March to May), strong thunderstorms can occasionally produce gusty winds exceeding 50 kilometers per hour (31 miles per hour).

Wind Energy Potential

The region around Sitamarhi exhibits moderate potential for wind energy generation. The availability of open areas and relatively steady wind speeds make it suitable for wind farms. Several projects are already operational in the area, contributing to the region’s renewable energy portfolio. However, challenges exist, including the need for grid infrastructure improvements and fluctuations in wind speed during certain seasons. Nevertheless, with ongoing advancements in wind turbine technology and a growing demand for renewable energy sources, the wind energy industry in Sitamarhi is expected to continue its growth in the coming years.

Summer (March-June)

Summer in Sitamarhi is characterized by scorching temperatures, with the mercury often exceeding 40 degrees Celsius. Dry and dusty winds prevail, making outdoor activities uncomfortable. However, the summer months do offer a glimpse into the region’s vibrant cultural traditions, as several religious festivals are celebrated during this time.

Monsoon (July-September)

The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall to Sitamarhi, transforming the parched landscape into a verdant paradise. The sight of lush green fields and blooming flowers is a treat for nature lovers. However, the incessant rain can also disrupt travel plans and cause waterlogging in some areas. The humidity levels are also high during this season, making it important to stay hydrated and protected from mosquitoes.

Potential of Solar Energy in Sitamarhi

Sitamarhi, a district in the northern Indian state of Bihar, possesses immense potential for harnessing solar energy. With an average of 300-320 sunny days annually and high solar insolation levels, the district is well-suited for large-scale solar power generation. Furthermore, the availability of vast, uncultivated land and a relatively flat terrain provides ample space for the installation of solar panels.

Government Initiatives and Solar Projects

Recognizing the potential of solar energy, the Government of Bihar has initiated several programs and incentives to promote its adoption. The district administration of Sitamarhi is actively encouraging the installation of rooftop solar systems on residential and commercial buildings. Moreover, several large-scale solar power projects are either under development or in the planning stages. One notable project is the 25 MW solar power plant being developed by Azure Power, a leading solar energy company in India. This project is expected to generate a significant amount of clean and renewable energy, contributing to the district’s sustainable development goals.

Terrain

The Sitamarhi district in India is characterized by a flat terrain with minimal elevation variations. The district is primarily located in the Gangetic Plain, a vast alluvial plain formed by the Ganges River and its tributaries. The land is generally low-lying and fertile, with a gentle slope from north to south. The highest point in the district is just over 100 meters above sea level, while the lowest point is around 50 meters. The entire district is well-watered, with numerous rivers, streams, and canals crisscrossing the landscape.

Floodplains and Levee Ridges

The topography of Sitamarhi is significantly influenced by the presence of the Bagmati River and its tributaries. Over time, these rivers have deposited layers of sediment, forming extensive floodplains in the district. These floodplains are characterized by fertile soils and are intensively cultivated for agriculture. However, they are also prone to flooding during the monsoon season due to the high volume of water carried by the rivers. To protect against flooding, levee ridges have been constructed along the riverbanks, raising the level of the land to prevent water from overflowing into the surrounding areas. These levees help maintain the integrity of the floodplains and ensure agricultural productivity.

Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport (Patna)

The nearest airport to Sitamarhi, India, is Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport (PAT), also known as Patna Airport. It is approximately 135 kilometers (84 miles) from Sitamarhi and serves the city of Patna, the capital of the Indian state of Bihar. The airport has both domestic and international flights, connecting Sitamarhi to major cities across India and beyond. Multiple airlines operate from Patna Airport, including Air India, IndiGo, SpiceJet, and GoAir. The airport has a single terminal with modern facilities and amenities, including check-in counters, security screening, baggage claim, and duty-free shopping.

Other Nearby Airports

In addition to Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport, there are a few other airports within a reasonable distance of Sitamarhi. However, these airports have limited flight options and may not offer direct flights to your desired destination. The nearest airport with international connections is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport (CCU) in Kolkata, approximately 480 kilometers (300 miles) from Sitamarhi. Other airports within a similar radius include Varanasi Airport (VNS) and Lucknow Airport (LKO), both of which offer domestic flights to major cities in India. It is advisable to check the availability of flights and compare prices before selecting the most suitable airport for your travel needs.

Geography and Demographics

Sitamarhi is a city and district headquarters in the state of Bihar, India. It is situated on the banks of the Bagmati River and is known for its religious and cultural significance. The district has an area of 2,614 square kilometers and a population of approximately 3.4 million people, as per the 2011 census. Sitamarhi is a predominantly rural district with over 80% of the population residing in villages. The city serves as an important commercial and administrative center for the surrounding region.

History and Culture

Sitamarhi has a rich historical and cultural heritage. According to Hindu mythology, it is believed to be the birthplace of Goddess Sita, the wife of Lord Rama. The city is home to several ancient temples and religious sites, including the Sitamarhi Janaki Mandir, which is considered to be one of the most sacred Hindu pilgrimage sites in India. Sitamarhi is also renowned for its folk music and dance, particularly the Mithila painting style, which is known for its intricate designs and vivid colors. The district is home to various cultural festivals and events throughout the year, showcasing its rich traditions and customs.