Shubra al Khaymah Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Egypt

Summer (June – August)

Summer in Shubra al Khaymah is characterized by sweltering heat and low humidity. Temperatures soar to an average high of 35°C (95°F), while lows typically hover around 25°C (77°F). The sun beats down relentlessly, and there is little respite from the heat. While rainfall is rare, occasional thunderstorms can occur, bringing temporary relief from the oppressive humidity.

Winter (December – February)

Winter in Shubra al Khaymah brings a welcome respite from the summer heat. Temperatures drop to an average high of 18°C (64°F), and lows can reach 8°C (46°F). However, the winter months also bring frequent rain, which can make the weather feel damp and chilly. While snow is extremely rare, occasional frost can occur on the coldest nights.

Summer Temperature Range

Shubra al Khaymah, situated in the temperate Mediterranean climate zone, experiences a hot and dry summer season. From June to August, the average temperatures hover around 23-29 degrees Celsius (73-84 Fahrenheit). The heat is amplified by the city’s proximity to the desert, resulting in high humidity and occasional heatwaves. During this period, the days are characterized by scorching sunshine, while the nights offer some respite with a slight drop in temperature.

Winter Temperature Range

In contrast to the scorching summers, Shubra al Khaymah experiences a mild and wet winter season spanning from December to February. Temperatures during this time range from 10-16 degrees Celsius (50-61 Fahrenheit). The region receives occasional rainfall, making it the wettest time of the year. The city witnesses an increase in cloud cover and fewer hours of sunshine compared to summer. January is typically the coldest month, with temperatures occasionally dropping below 10 degrees Celsius (50 Fahrenheit).

Cumulus and Stratocumulus Clouds

Shubra al Khaymah, Egypt, experiences a hot desert climate, characterized by minimal rainfall and high temperatures. The skies over Shubra al Khaymah are often dominated by cumulus and stratocumulus clouds. Cumulus clouds are puffy, white clouds with defined edges and flat bases that often appear during fair weather conditions. They are typically associated with shallow convection and can develop vertically into towering cumulonimbus clouds. Stratocumulus clouds, on the other hand, are gray or white clouds that form in layers and often resemble a patchwork of cotton balls. They frequently cover large areas of the sky and may indicate stable atmospheric conditions.

Cirrus and Cirrocumulus Clouds

In addition to cumulus and stratocumulus clouds, Shubra al Khaymah occasionally experiences cirrus and cirrocumulus clouds. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds composed of ice crystals and are often found high in the atmosphere. They appear as delicate white streaks or tufts and can indicate fair weather or approaching fronts. Cirrocumulus clouds are similar to cirrus clouds but are smaller and more rounded, resembling tiny puffs of cotton. They often form in association with cirrus clouds and can indicate stable atmospheric conditions.

Rainfall Patterns and Distribution

Shubra al Khaymah experiences a negligible amount of rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of less than 25 millimeters. The city is located in a desert region with extremely arid conditions. Precipitation is erratic and highly variable, occurring mostly during the sporadic thunderstorms that can accompany the occasional depressions or low-pressure systems passing through the area. These storms often produce torrential downpours within a short period of time, but they are unpredictable and can be widely spaced.

Seasonal Trends

Shubra al Khaymah’s precipitation is sporadic and does not exhibit clear seasonal patterns. However, there is a slightly higher likelihood of rain during the months of December to March when the northern Mediterranean region is more prone to the passage of depressions. The summer months are typically completely dry, with no rainfall whatsoever. The low annual precipitation contributes to the extreme aridity of the region and poses challenges for the local population, agriculture, and water resources.

Distribution of Rainfall

Shubra al Khaymah, located in the Beheira Governorate of Egypt, experiences a hot desert climate characterized by extremely low annual rainfall. The distribution of rainfall throughout the year is highly skewed, with the vast majority falling during the winter months. From October to April, occasional showers and thunderstorms bring some precipitation to the region. However, these events are often sporadic and unpredictable, and the total annual precipitation rarely exceeds 100 millimeters (approximately 4 inches).

Impact of Low Rainfall

The scarcity of rainfall in Shubra al Khaymah has a significant impact on the local environment and economy. The lack of adequate water resources poses challenges for agriculture, with farmers relying heavily on irrigation systems to sustain their crops. The scarcity of rainfall also affects the vegetation, with the region primarily consisting of arid desert landscapes supporting scattered shrubs and drought-tolerant plants. Additionally, the low water levels in the Nile Delta, which borders Shubra al Khaymah to the east, limit the potential for hydroelectric power generation and other water-dependent activities.

Historical Occurrence

Snowfall in Shubra al Khaymah, Egypt, is an extremely rare event. Historically, there have been only a handful of recorded instances of snow in the city. One of the most notable occurred on December 20, 2013, when a thin layer of snow blanketed the ground. This snowfall was caused by an intense cold front that brought unusually low temperatures to the region. Other instances of snow in Shubra al Khaymah have been reported in 1998, 1928, and 1917.

Causes of Snowfall

Snowfall in Shubra al Khaymah is possible due to its location on the northern edge of the subtropical climate zone. During the winter months, cold air from the north can occasionally reach the city, bringing with it moisture that can condense and freeze into snow. Additionally, the city’s proximity to the Mediterranean Sea can lead to the formation of low-pressure systems that can bring rain and snow to the area. However, due to the high temperatures and low humidity that are typical in Egypt, snowfall remains a very uncommon occurrence.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

The sun in Shubra al Khaymah, Egypt, rises and sets roughly in accordance with the Earth’s rotation and its position in relation to the sun. Throughout the year, sunrise typically occurs between 5:30 AM and 6:00 AM local time, while sunset takes place between 5:30 PM and 6:00 PM. However, these timings can vary slightly due to seasonal changes in the Earth’s tilt and the presence of atmospheric refraction.

Daylight Hours

The number of daylight hours in Shubra al Khaymah varies throughout the year, influenced by the Earth’s axial tilt and its position in orbit around the sun. During the summer months (June to August), daylight hours are at their longest, lasting approximately 14-15 hours. Conversely, during the winter months (December to February), daylight hours are shortest, lasting around 10-11 hours. These variations in daylight hours impact the daily activities and routines of the local population.

Scientific Significance

Shubra al-Khaymah, Egypt is notable for its lunar crater, known as the Shubra Crater. This crater has a diameter of approximately 11.5 kilometers and is classified as a complex crater, indicating that it likely formed from multiple impact events. The crater is located on the lunar farside and is not visible from Earth. However, it has been studied extensively using remote sensing data from spacecraft, providing insights into the geology and formation history of the Moon.

Historical Significance

The Shubra Crater gained historical significance due to its association with the Apollo 16 mission in 1972. The Apollo 16 crew visited a site near the crater and collected lunar samples. These samples have been extensively analyzed and have provided valuable information about the composition, age, and thermal history of the lunar surface. The Shubra Crater and its surroundings, including the Apollo 16 landing site, serve as a valuable scientific resource for understanding the Moon’s geological processes and its potential for future exploration.

Humidity Patterns and Trends

Shubra al Khaymah, located on the northern coastline of Egypt, experiences high humidity throughout the year due to its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. The average annual relative humidity is around 70%, with variations depending on the season and time of day. During summer, humidity levels can reach up to 90%, creating a sultry and uncomfortable atmosphere. In winter, humidity is typically lower, averaging around 60-65%, but can still feel oppressive due to the higher temperatures during the day.

Impact of Humidity on Health and Environment

High humidity can significantly impact human health and comfort. Extended exposure to high humidity can lead to heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and other heat-related illnesses. It can also exacerbate respiratory conditions such as asthma and allergies. Additionally, high humidity creates a favorable environment for mold growth, which can cause respiratory problems and allergic reactions. On the other hand, dry air can cause dry eyes, skin, and throat irritation. Maintaining optimal humidity levels in indoor environments is crucial for both human health and well-being.

Wind Patterns

Shubra al Khaymah, Egypt experiences a semi-arid climate, characterized by light to moderate precipitation and hot, dry summers. During the summer months (May-September), the prevailing wind patterns are from the north and northwest, bringing in warm air from the Mediterranean Sea. These winds can be particularly strong in the afternoon, contributing to the sweltering heat and occasional dust storms. From October to April, the winds shift to a more easterly direction, bringing in cooler air from the Red Sea. These winds are generally lighter than the summer winds.

Impact on Local Climate

The wind patterns in Shubra al Khaymah play a significant role in shaping the local climate. The strong northwesterly winds during summer contribute to the extremely high temperatures, with daily highs often exceeding 40°C (104°F). The winds also provide some relief from the oppressive heat through evaporation and can carry occasional showers and thunderstorms. In contrast, the easterly winds during winter are relatively mild, resulting in more moderate temperatures and a decreased likelihood of precipitation. However, these winds can sometimes bring in fog and morning mist, reducing visibility and creating a damp, chilly environment.

Ideal Season: Spring and Fall

For an optimal travel experience, the ideal time to visit Shubra al Khaymah is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November). During these seasons, the weather is mild and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius (68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity levels are moderate, making it comfortable to explore the various attractions. The clear skies and abundant sunshine provide excellent conditions for outdoor activities, such as visiting the parks, enjoying picnics, and admiring the picturesque scenery.

Winter and Summer Months: Considerations

While Shubra al Khaymah can be visited year-round, the winter months (December to February) can be chilly, especially at night. Temperatures can drop significantly, and there’s a higher likelihood of rain. However, this can be a good time to avoid the crowds and enjoy quieter experiences. On the other hand, the summer months (June to August) bring intense heat and humidity. Temperatures can soar above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), making it uncomfortable for outdoor activities during the day. If visiting during these months, it’s best to plan your itinerary accordingly, seeking indoor attractions and activities during the peak heat hours.

Solar Potential and Resources

Shubra al Khaymah, located in the northwestern part of Egypt, possesses significant solar energy potential due to its favorable geographic location. The city experiences an abundance of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of over 3,000 sunshine hours annually. This high level of solar radiation makes Shubra al Khaymah a promising site for solar energy development. In recent years, the Egyptian government has identified the region as a hub for solar power generation, aiming to tap into its vast renewable energy resources.

Solar Energy Projects and Initiatives

Several solar energy projects are currently underway in Shubra al Khaymah. The most notable among them is the Benban Solar Park, one of the largest solar power complexes in the world. The park consists of multiple solar power plants with a combined capacity of over 1.6 gigawatts (GW). Once fully operational, the Benban Solar Park is expected to generate a significant amount of clean electricity, contributing to Egypt’s ambitious renewable energy targets. Additionally, the city of Shubra al Khaymah has launched several initiatives to promote the adoption of solar energy among its residents. These initiatives include rooftop solar panel installations, solar water heaters, and educational campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of solar energy.

Topography

Shubra al Khaymah is characterized by a relatively flat topography, with gentle slopes towards the Nile River that runs along its eastern border. The elevation ranges from approximately 20 meters (65 feet) above sea level in the west to 5 meters (16 feet) in the east. The land is primarily agricultural, with numerous canals and drainage ditches crisscrossing the area. The presence of several small lakes and marshes adds to the topographic diversity of the region.

Geology and Geomorphology

Geologically, Shubra al Khaymah is situated within the Nile Delta region. The underlying rock formations consist of sedimentary deposits, primarily composed of sand, silt, and clay. These sediments were deposited over millions of years by the Nile River as it flowed into the Mediterranean Sea. The geomorphic processes that have shaped the current topography include erosion by the Nile River, flooding, and deposition. The flat topography and numerous canals indicate that the area has undergone extensive human modification for agricultural purposes.

Cairo International Airport (CAI)

Cairo International Airport (CAI) is the nearest airport to Shubra al Khaymah, Egypt, located approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) northeast of the city. CAI is the busiest airport in Egypt and serves as a major hub for both domestic and international flights. The airport has three terminals, with Terminal 1 handling international flights, Terminal 2 handling domestic flights, and Terminal 3 serving both international and domestic flights. CAI offers a wide range of flight options, including connections to major cities in the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Alternative Airports

While CAI is the nearest airport to Shubra al Khaymah, there are other airports within a reasonable distance that may offer alternative flight options. Borg El Arab International Airport (HBE) is located approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) northwest of Shubra al Khaymah and serves the city of Alexandria. HBE offers a limited number of international flights, primarily to destinations in the Middle East and Europe. Another alternative is Hurghada International Airport (HRG), which is located approximately 400 kilometers (249 miles) southeast of Shubra al Khaymah. HRG serves as a major hub for tourism in the Red Sea region and offers a variety of international flights to destinations in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

History and Development

Shubra al Khaymah, located in the Giza Governorate of Egypt, is a historic city that traces its roots back to ancient times. During the Ottoman period, the city served as a textile production center and was renowned for its intricate embroidery. In the 19th century, Shubra al Khaymah experienced significant growth and development under the rule of Muhammad Ali Pasha, who established several factories and schools in the area. The city’s textile industry continued to flourish in the 20th century, making Shubra al Khaymah a major economic hub.

Modern-Day Shubra al Khaymah

Today, Shubra al Khaymah is a vibrant city with a population of over 1 million people. It remains an important industrial center, with a focus on textile production, leather goods, and food processing. The city is also home to several universities, hospitals, and cultural institutions. Shubra al Khaymah is well-connected to Cairo and other major cities in Egypt through a network of roads and public transportation. The city offers a wide range of amenities and services, including shopping malls, restaurants, and entertainment venues. It is also popular for its traditional markets and street food, which showcase the rich culinary heritage of this historic city.