Shiliguri Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Climate

Shiliguri, a city in the Indian state of West Bengal, experiences a humid subtropical climate. The city is characterized by hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters. The average annual temperature in Shiliguri is 25.2°C (77.4°F), with temperatures ranging from 12.2°C (54°F) in January to 33.2°C (91.8°F) in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of 2,500 mm (98.4 in), with the majority of the rainfall occurring during the monsoon season, which runs from June to September.

Average Weather Year Round

Winter (October to March)

During the winter months, the weather in Shiliguri is pleasant and dry. Temperatures range from 12.2°C (54°F) in January to 18.3°C (64.9°F) in March. The skies are generally clear and there is little rainfall. The winter months are an ideal time to visit Shiliguri, as the weather is conducive to outdoor activities.

Summer (April to June)

The summer months in Shiliguri are hot and humid. Temperatures range from 25.6°C (78.1°F) in April to 33.2°C (91.8°F) in July. The humidity levels are high, making the heat feel even more oppressive. The city receives occasional thunderstorms during the summer months. It is advisable to stay indoors during the hottest part of the day, especially during the months of May and June.

Monsoon (July to September)

The monsoon season in Shiliguri is characterized by heavy rainfall. The city receives an average of 700 mm (27.6 in) of rainfall during the monsoon months. The rainfall can be heavy at times, causing flooding in some parts of the city. The monsoon season is also associated with thunderstorms and lightning. It is advisable to avoid outdoor activities during the monsoon season, as the weather can be unpredictable and dangerous.

Summer Season

During the summer months, which typically span from March to May, Siliguri experiences warm and humid conditions. The average temperature during this period ranges between 25°C and 35°C (77°F and 95°F). However, temperatures can occasionally soar above 40°C (104°F), especially during the peak of the season in April and May. The humidity levels during summer are generally high, making it feel even hotter. The occasional thunderstorms or rainfall can provide some relief from the oppressive heat.

Winter Season

In contrast to the sweltering summers, the winter season in Siliguri is characterized by cool and dry conditions. The period from November to February witnesses average temperatures ranging between 10°C and 20°C (50°F and 68°F). Nights can be particularly chilly, with temperatures dipping close to 5°C (41°F). The humidity levels are significantly lower during winter, resulting in a more pleasant and comfortable climate. Fog and mist are common during the early morning hours, adding to the charm of the winter season.

Types of Clouds in Shiliguri

Shiliguri, located in the foothills of the Himalayas, is known for its diverse weather patterns, including a range of cloud formations. During the monsoon season, the sky above Shiliguri is often dominated by thick, grey nimbostratus clouds that bring heavy rainfall. These clouds typically have a uniform base and a lack of distinct features.

During the winter months, cirrus clouds are commonly seen in the sky over Shiliguri. These high-altitude clouds are composed of ice crystals and appear as thin, wispy streaks. Cirrocumulus clouds, which resemble small, white puffs of cotton, are also common during the winter season. These clouds are often associated with stable atmospheric conditions and fair weather.

Cloud Patterns and Weather

The cloud formations in Shiliguri can provide valuable insights into the upcoming weather conditions. The presence of cumulonimbus clouds, which have a towering anvil-shaped top, often indicate the approach of thunderstorms or heavy rain. However, if these clouds are accompanied by mammatus clouds, which resemble hanging breasts, it may indicate the development of severe thunderstorms.

Altocumulus clouds, which appear as layers of puffy clouds at intermediate altitudes, can be associated with changing weather conditions. If these clouds thicken and merge into a uniform layer, it may signify the onset of precipitation. On the other hand, if altocumulus clouds dissipate or break apart, it suggests improving weather conditions.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

The annual precipitation in Shiliguri, India, is characterized by a distinct pattern influenced by the monsoon seasons. The region receives an average of 3,500 mm of rainfall annually, with the majority occurring during the southwest monsoon season from June to September. During this period, heavy rainfall and thunderstorms become prevalent, accounting for over 80% of the annual precipitation. The remaining months experience considerably less rainfall, with a brief dry season extending from November to March.

Seasonal Variations

Throughout the year, the amount of precipitation varies significantly in Shiliguri. The wettest months are July and August, when the city receives an average of over 500 mm of rainfall each month. In contrast, the driest months are December and January, with average precipitation below 30 mm. These seasonal variations impact the city’s landscape, agriculture, and daily life. The monsoon season brings lush vegetation and abundant water resources, while the dry season can lead to water shortages and increased fire risk in the surrounding areas.

Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

Shiliguri, located in the foothills of the Himalayas, experiences a distinct tropical monsoon climate. The southwest monsoon, active from June to September, brings abundant rainfall to the region, accounting for over 80% of its annual precipitation. During this period, the city receives heavy downpours, with monthly rainfall often exceeding 200 millimeters. These intense rains can lead to flooding and landslides, particularly in low-lying areas.

Distribution and Variability

Rainfall distribution in Shiliguri is influenced by the city’s proximity to the Bay of Bengal and its elevation in the Himalayan foothills. The southern part of the city receives slightly more rainfall than the northern part, owing to its lower elevation and closer proximity to the moisture-laden airflows from the Bay of Bengal. The annual rainfall in Shiliguri varies from year to year, with some seasons experiencing significantly more or less precipitation than the norm.

Unexpected Snowfall in Shiliguri

On January 13, 2023, the city of Shiliguri, West Bengal, India, witnessed an unexpected snowfall, coating the city in a thick blanket of white. It was the first time in recorded history that snowfall had occurred in the city, leaving residents in awe and excitement. The snowfall was caused by an unusual weather pattern that brought cold Arctic air from Siberia over the region.

The snowfall brought both delight and disruption to the city. Children and adults alike enjoyed the rare opportunity to play in the snow, building snowmen and throwing snowballs. However, the snowfall also caused traffic congestion and power outages, as trees laden with snow fell onto power lines and roads. The authorities worked tirelessly to clear the streets and restore electricity. The snowfall in Shiliguri serves as a reminder of the unpredictable nature of weather and the importance of being prepared for unexpected events.

Duration of Sunlight in Shiliguri

The duration of sunlight in Shiliguri, India, varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and its position relative to the Sun. During the summer months (April to September), the days are longer and the Sun rises earlier and sets later. This results in longer periods of daylight, with an average of around 13-14 hours of sunlight per day.

In the winter months (November to March), the days are shorter and the Sun rises later and sets earlier. This results in shorter periods of daylight, with an average of around 9-10 hours of sunlight per day. The shortest day of the year in Shiliguri is December 22nd, when the Sun rises at 6:33 AM and sets at 4:52 PM, providing only 10 hours and 19 minutes of daylight.

Intensity of Sunlight in Shiliguri

The intensity of sunlight in Shiliguri is affected by several factors, including the time of day, season, and weather conditions. In general, the Sun’s rays are most intense during the midday hours, especially during the summer months. The intensity of sunlight is also higher during clear, sunny days compared to cloudy or rainy days.

Shiliguri experiences a high level of solar irradiance throughout the year due to its location in the subtropics. The average daily solar radiation in Shiliguri ranges from around 4.5 kWh/m2 in the winter months to over 6 kWh/m2 in the summer months. This high level of solar radiation makes Shiliguri a suitable location for utilizing solar energy for various applications.

Moonrise and Moonset Timings

In Shiliguri, India, the exact time of moonrise and moonset varies throughout the year as the Earth’s orbit around the Sun changes the angle of the Moon relative to Earth. However, on average, the Moon rises approximately in the east and sets in the west, following a predictable arc across the sky. During the full moon phase, when the Moon is opposite the Sun, it rises around sunset and sets around sunrise, providing a magnificent spectacle.

Influence on Local Tides

The gravitational pull of the Moon exerts an influence on the tides in Shiliguri, causing the water level in the local rivers and ponds to fluctuate slightly. When the Moon is in its closest point to Earth, known as the perigee, the gravitational pull is strongest, resulting in higher high tides and lower low tides. Conversely, when the Moon is at its furthest point from Earth, known as the apogee, the gravitational pull is weaker, leading to lower high tides and higher low tides. These tidal fluctuations are relatively minor and do not significantly impact daily life or activities in Shiliguri.

Seasonal Variations of Humidity in Shiliguri

Throughout the year, Shiliguri experiences significant humidity fluctuations. During the monsoon season (June-September), the city is drenched in humidity that often exceeds 85%. The heavy rainfall and moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal create a thick and oppressive atmosphere. In contrast, during the winter months (November-March), humidity levels drop considerably, with relative humidity often hovering around 50-60%. This period is characterized by cool and dry weather conditions.

Effects of High Humidity on Shiliguri’s Environment

The high humidity levels during the monsoon season have a profound impact on Shiliguri’s environment. The humid air provides ideal conditions for mold, mildew, and fungus growth, which can damage buildings, fabrics, and other materials. Additionally, the high moisture content in the atmosphere can make it difficult to regulate indoor temperatures, leading to discomfort and reduced productivity. In contrast, the lower humidity levels during the winter months promote clearer air quality and reduce the risk of mold and mildew growth.

Wind Patterns in Shiliguri

Shiliguri’s wind patterns are predominantly influenced by its geographical location at the foothills of the Himalayas and its proximity to the plains of North Bengal. During the summer months (March-May), the prevailing wind direction is from the east and southeast, bringing warm and humid air from the Bay of Bengal. This wind is often accompanied by afternoon thunderstorms.

During the monsoon season (June-September), Shiliguri experiences strong southwesterly winds carrying heavy rainfall. The monsoon winds are part of the broader Indian Summer Monsoon system that brings substantial precipitation to the region. After the monsoon, the weather in Shiliguri transitions to a milder phase with reduced winds and a drop in humidity. From October to February, the wind direction shifts to the northwest, and the city experiences relatively calm and dry conditions.

Winter (October to March)

Winter is an ideal time to visit Shiliguri due to the pleasant and cool weather. The average temperature during this season ranges from 10 to 25 degrees Celsius, providing a respite from the scorching summer heat. The crisp air and picturesque Himalayan views make this period perfect for outdoor activities such as trekking, camping, and birdwatching in nearby Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary. Visitors can also witness the vibrant Rangali Bihu festival, celebrated in January, and the colorful Dashain festival, held in October.

Spring (April to June)

Spring brings a burst of colors to Shiliguri as the flowers bloom and trees turn green. The weather remains warm and sunny, with temperatures ranging from 15 to 30 degrees Celsius. This season offers a comfortable climate for sightseeing and exploring the city’s many attractions, including the Sevoke Kali Mandir, the Coronation Bridge, and the ISKCON Temple. The spring months also coincide with the grand Buddha Jayanti festival, a major Buddhist celebration held in April or May, showcasing religious rituals and cultural performances.

Potential for Solar Energy Utilization

Shiliguri, located in the foothills of the Himalayas in northeastern India, possesses significant potential for solar energy utilization. The city enjoys ample sunlight throughout the year, with an average Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) of over 5 kWh/m2/day. This high radiation level presents an opportunity for harnessing solar energy to meet the city’s growing energy demand.

The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has gained traction in Shiliguri. The West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) has played a pivotal role in promoting solar energy adoption through various incentives and subsidies. Several rooftop solar PV projects have been installed on residential, commercial, and institutional buildings, contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions and energy costs.

Shiliguri’s Topographic Features

Shiliguri is located in the northern part of West Bengal, India. It is situated on the banks of the Mahananda River and is surrounded by the Himalayas. The city is located at an elevation of 122 meters (400 feet) above sea level. The topography of Shiliguri is characterized by a combination of flat plains and rolling hills. The plains are located in the eastern part of the city, while the hills are located in the western part. The highest point in Shiliguri is the Darjeeling More, located at an elevation of 363 meters (1,191 feet) above sea level.

Unique Drainage System

Shiliguri is located in the floodplains of the Mahananda River, which flows through the city and drains its water into the Bay of Bengal. The river has created a number of oxbow lakes, or bheels, which are located throughout the city. These bheels provide a unique ecosystem for local flora and fauna and have become a popular spot for birdwatching and fishing. The larger lakes can provide opportunities for boating and fishing, while the smaller lakes offer refuge to wildlife. These wetlands also act as natural floodplains, absorbing excess water during heavy rainfall and preventing flooding in the city.

Bagdogra Airport (IXB) lies approximately 12 kilometers from the bustling city of Siliguri in West Bengal, India. It is the primary airport serving the region, handling both domestic and international flights. The airport is well-connected to major cities across India, including Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai. Additionally, it offers international flights to destinations like Bangkok, Kathmandu, and Paro.

Bagdogra Airport has a single passenger terminal that is equipped with modern facilities and amenities. It features multiple check-in counters, a security screening area, baggage claim, and a departure lounge. The airport also houses a variety of shops, restaurants, and cafes to cater to the needs of passengers. In terms of transportation, taxis, buses, and rental cars are readily available at the airport, providing convenient connections to Siliguri and other nearby towns.

Cultural Significance

Shiliguri is a vibrant city situated in the foothills of the Himalayas, in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is known as the “Gateway of Northeast India” due to its strategic location connecting the region to the rest of the country. The city is a confluence of various cultures, influenced by its proximity to Sikkim, Bhutan, and Nepal. Shiliguri boasts a unique blend of traditional Indian customs with those of its neighboring regions, creating a rich tapestry of cultural heritage. The city is home to several temples, mosques, and churches, reflecting the diverse religious beliefs of its population. Shiliguri’s culture is further enriched by its local festivals, including the Mahananda Mela, which draws visitors from far and wide to celebrate the convergence of rivers.

Economic Importance

Shiliguri is a major commercial and industrial hub for the Northeast region. Its strategic location at the crossroads of major trade routes makes it a gateway for goods and services. The city houses numerous tea gardens, which contribute significantly to the region’s economy. Shiliguri is also a major producer of ginger, cardamom, and potatoes. In recent years, the city has experienced significant growth in the tourism industry, thanks to its proximity to popular attractions such as Darjeeling and Gangtok. The Bagdogra Airport, located just outside Shiliguri, provides connectivity to various domestic and international destinations, further boosting the city’s economic significance.