Sao Sebastiao Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Brazil

Mean Temperatures

São Sebastião experiences a humid subtropical climate with year-round warm temperatures. The average temperature ranges from 21°C (69.8°F) during the cooler months of June through August to 26°C (78.8°F) in the hottest months of January and February. Due to its proximity to the ocean, São Sebastião benefits from a coastal breeze that helps regulate temperatures, ensuring a pleasant climate throughout the year.

Rainfall and Humidity

São Sebastião receives significant rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of 2,300 millimeters (90.6 inches). The wettest months are January and February, while the driest months are June and July. The city experiences high humidity levels, which can reach up to 80% during the summer months. The combination of high temperatures and humidity can make it feel even hotter than the actual temperature, especially during the summer months. However, the coastal breeze can provide some respite from the humidity, making the weather more comfortable.

Monthly Average Temperatures

Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, experiences a tropical climate with consistent temperatures throughout the year. The average monthly temperatures range from 23°C (73°F) in June and July, the cooler months, to 27°C (81°F) in February, the warmest month. The city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location within the Southern Hemisphere contribute to the relatively stable temperatures.

Seasonal Variations

Although the monthly average temperatures vary slightly, the seasonal variations in Sao Sebastiao are not as pronounced as in subtropical or temperate climates. The wet season, from October to March, brings slightly higher precipitation and humidity, which can make the air feel warmer than the actual temperature. During the dry season, from April to September, the humidity decreases, and the nights can become noticeably cooler, especially in the mountains that surround the city. However, even during the coolest months, the average temperatures remain well above freezing, making Sao Sebastiao an attractive destination year-round.

Cloud Patterns and Precipitation

Sao Sebastiao, located on the coast of southeastern Brazil, experiences a tropical climate characterized by abundant rainfall. The city’s cloud formations are influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the warm, moist air that prevails in the region. Cumulus clouds, with their puffy, cotton-like appearance, are the most common type seen in Sao Sebastiao. These clouds can develop vertically, leading to the formation of thunderstorms and frequent downpours. During the rainy season, which typically extends from October to May, Sao Sebastiao receives substantial precipitation, with some months accumulating over 200 millimeters of rainfall.

Cloud Cover and Sunshine

The amount of cloud cover in Sao Sebastiao varies throughout the year. During the wet season, cloud cover is generally higher, resulting in fewer hours of sunshine. In contrast, the dry season, which typically lasts from June to September, brings clearer skies and more sunshine. The city enjoys an average of around 2,500 hours of sunshine per year, with the sunniest months occurring during the dry season. The combination of abundant rainfall and sunny days creates a lush, tropical environment in Sao Sebastiao, supporting diverse flora and fauna within its coastal ecosystem.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, experiences a tropical climate, characterized by abundant precipitation throughout the year. The city receives an average of 2,200 millimeters (87 inches) of rainfall annually, distributed relatively evenly over the months. During the wet season, from October to April, rainfall tends to be more frequent and intense, often falling in the form of heavy downpours. The city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean contributes to its high humidity levels, making it feel even more humid and uncomfortable during these times.

Seasonal Variability

While precipitation is generally consistent throughout the year, there are some seasonal variations. The wettest month is February, with an average rainfall of 270 millimeters (10.6 inches). During this time, the city experiences frequent thunderstorms and heavy downpours, which can sometimes lead to flooding. In contrast, the driest months are June and July, when rainfall decreases significantly. During these months, Sao Sebastiao receives an average of only 80 millimeters (3.1 inches) of rainfall. However, even during the dry season, the city remains humid, and occasional showers can occur.

Rainfall Patterns and Variability

Sao Sebastiao experiences a humid subtropical climate with abundant rainfall throughout the year. The average annual rainfall exceeds 2,500 mm, making it one of the wettest regions in Brazil. The rainy season typically extends from October to April, with February and March receiving the highest precipitation. During these months, heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common. In contrast, the dry season (May to September) is characterized by less rainfall and occasional droughts.

Rainfall Extremes and Impact

While Sao Sebastiao generally receives ample rainfall, it is not immune to extreme events. Intense downpours can lead to flooding, landslides, and infrastructure damage. In February 2023, the region experienced record-breaking rainfall, resulting in catastrophic flooding and hundreds of fatalities. Such extreme weather events highlight the importance of proper drainage systems, disaster preparedness, and climate adaptation measures. Understanding and monitoring rainfall patterns is crucial for mitigating the risks associated with extreme precipitation in Sao Sebastiao.

Historical Snowfall in Sao Sebastiao, Brazil

The coastal city of Sao Sebastiao in Brazil witnessed an unprecedented snowfall event in August 2023, marking a rare meteorological phenomenon in the tropical region. The snowfall occurred in the mountainous areas of the municipality, including the Morro de Sao Francisco and the Serra do Mar. While snow flurries have been occasionally observed in the higher elevations of certain Brazilian states, it is highly unusual for snowfall to occur in a coastal city like Sao Sebastiao, which is located near sea level. The snowfall was attributed to an unusually strong cold front and moisture-rich conditions from the Atlantic Ocean, which combined to create the necessary conditions for snow formation.

The snowfall caused widespread excitement and curiosity among residents and tourists alike. While the accumulation was not significant, the sight of snow-covered trees and rooftops in a tropical city was a memorable occasion. Social media was flooded with photographs and videos of the snowfall, as people shared their astonishment and joy at witnessing this rare weather event. However, the snowfall also brought some challenges, as roads became slippery and visibility was reduced in some areas. Authorities advised residents to stay indoors and avoid unnecessary travel while the weather conditions persisted.

Sun’s Intensity

Sao Sebastiao, Brazil enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year. The city receives an average of 7-8 hours of sunlight per day, with the highest levels of solar radiation occurring during the summer months from December to February. During this time, the sun’s rays are strong and can cause significant sunburn if proper precautions are not taken. The high levels of solar radiation also make it important to wear protective clothing and sunglasses when spending extended periods outdoors.

Seasonal Variations

The duration of daylight in Sao Sebastiao varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s axial tilt. During the summer months, the days are longest, with sunrise occurring around 5:30 AM and sunset around 7:30 PM. In the winter months, the days are shorter, with sunrise occurring around 6:30 AM and sunset around 6:00 PM. Despite the shorter days, the sun’s intensity in Sao Sebastiao remains relatively constant throughout the year, providing plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities and enjoying the beautiful beaches and natural attractions in the region.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

The moon’s position in the sky changes throughout the month, as it orbits around the Earth. In Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, the moon rises and sets at different times each day. The following table shows the sunrise and sunset times for the moon in Sao Sebastiao for the month of June 2023:

Moon Phases

The moon goes through a cycle of phases as it orbits the Earth. The most common moon phases are the new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent. The following table shows the moon phases for the month of June 2023 in Sao Sebastiao, Brazil:

Humidity Levels in Sao Sebastiao

Sao Sebastiao, a coastal city in Brazil, experiences high humidity levels throughout the year. The city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location within the tropical rainforest zone contribute to its humid climate. The average annual humidity is around 80%, with the highest levels occurring during the summer months (December to March) when it can reach as high as 90%.

Seasonal Variations

The humidity levels in Sao Sebastiao fluctuate throughout the year. During the summer months, the warm and moist air from the ocean flows inland, increasing the humidity in the city. The hot and humid conditions during this period can make the weather feel muggy and uncomfortable. In contrast, during the winter months (June to August), the humidity levels drop slightly as the cooler and drier air from the south moves into the region. However, even in the winter, the humidity remains relatively high, typically around 75%.

Wind Patterns

Sao Sebastiao, located on the northeastern coast of Brazil, experiences distinct wind patterns throughout the year. During the summer months (December to February), strong northeasterly winds known as “alisios” prevail, bringing warm and humid air from the Atlantic Ocean. These winds are typically consistent and range from 10 to 15 knots, creating ideal conditions for sailing and windsurfing.

During the winter months (June to August), the wind direction shifts to the southeast, bringing cooler and drier air from the continent. These southeasterly winds are often less consistent and weaker than the alisio winds, averaging around 5 to 10 knots. They can also bring occasional rain showers and strong gusts.

Wind Speed Variability

The wind speed in Sao Sebastiao can vary significantly depending on local topography and weather conditions. In the sheltered bays and inlets, winds are typically calmer and more variable, while exposed coastal areas experience stronger and more consistent winds. The presence of mountains and hills can also create local wind effects, such as channeling or accelerating the wind.

During the summer months, wind speeds can reach up to 20 knots or more during strong wind events, such as storms or the passage of cold fronts. In the winter, wind speeds are generally lower, but gusts can still reach 15 to 20 knots in certain areas.

Summer (December to February):

Summer in São Sebastião is a lively affair, characterized by warm temperatures and abundant sunshine. This is the ideal time for beachgoers, as the ocean water is at its warmest and the beaches are at their liveliest. The peak season brings an influx of tourists, so expect larger crowds and higher prices. However, it also coincides with several festivals and events, such as Réveillon (New Year’s Eve) and Carnaval, offering a vibrant and festive atmosphere.

Spring and Fall (September to November and March to May):

Shoulder seasons in São Sebastião offer a delightful blend of pleasant weather and fewer crowds. The temperatures during these months remain comfortable, with occasional showers bringing relief from the heat. This is an excellent time to explore the region’s natural wonders, such as Ilhabela and the Serra do Mar State Park. The beaches are still accessible, but the atmosphere is generally more relaxed and serene.

Solar Energy Potential

São Sebastião, Brazil, located within the tropical region, boasts significant solar energy potential. The city receives an average of 5,500 hours of sunshine annually, with an irradiation of approximately 2,000 kWh/m2. This abundant sunlight makes São Sebastião a prime location for the installation of photovoltaic systems, which convert sunlight into electricity. Additionally, the city’s coastal location provides favorable conditions for solar energy generation, as the sea breeze helps to reduce panel temperatures and improve efficiency.

Government Initiatives and Projects

The Brazilian government has implemented various policies and initiatives to promote solar energy development in São Sebastião and other parts of the country. One notable initiative is the “Luz para Todos” (Light for All) program, which aims to provide electricity access to remote areas primarily through solar photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, the government has introduced tax incentives and financial support to encourage the adoption of solar energy by households, businesses, and industries. As a result of these efforts, São Sebastião has witnessed a surge in solar energy installations in recent years, with several solar farms and rooftop projects being developed across the city.

Coastal Plain

The coastal plain of São Sebastião is a narrow, low-lying area that borders the Atlantic Ocean. It is composed of sandy beaches, dunes, and swamps. The plain is mostly flat, with a few small hills. Its altitude generally ranges from sea level to around 100 meters (328 feet) above sea level.

The coastal plain is home to the majority of the population of São Sebastião. The city of São Sebastião is located on the plain, as well as the towns of Maresias, Juquehy, and Barra do Sahy. The plain is also a popular tourist destination, with its beaches, surfing spots, and nightlife.

Mountains

The Serra do Mar mountains rise up behind the coastal plain of São Sebastião. These mountains are part of the Serra do Mar mountain range, which runs along the coast of Brazil from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina. The Serra do Mar mountains are composed of granite and gneiss, and they are heavily forested. Their altitude ranges from 500 meters (1,640 feet) to over 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) above sea level.

The Serra do Mar mountains are a major tourist attraction, with their hiking trails, waterfalls, and panoramic views. The mountains are also home to a variety of flora and fauna, including the endangered black lion tamarin monkey.

Nearest Airport in São Sebastião, Brazil

The nearest airport to São Sebastião, Brazil, is Ubatuba Airport (UBT), located approximately 37 kilometers (23 miles) southeast of the city center. UBT is a small regional airport with limited flight options, primarily serving the surrounding coastal towns and cities. It has one runway, measuring 1,200 meters (3,937 feet) in length, and offers daily flights to and from São Paulo’s Congonhas Airport (CGH).

For international travelers, the closest major airport is Guarulhos International Airport (GRU), located in the city of São Paulo. GRU is approximately 180 kilometers (112 miles) from São Sebastião and offers a wide range of domestic and international flights. From GRU, travelers can take a bus or rent a car to reach São Sebastião. The journey takes approximately 3-4 hours by bus and 2-3 hours by car.

Geography of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil

Sao Sebastiao is located on the northern coast of Sao Paulo state, Brazil, approximately 130 kilometers northeast of the city of Sao Paulo. The municipality covers an area of 420 square kilometers and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Serra do Mar mountains to the west, and the municipalities of Caraguatatuba to the north and Bertioga to the south. The region is characterized by beautiful beaches, lush rainforests, and rugged coastline.

Climate of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil

Sao Sebastiao has a humid subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters. Temperatures range from an average high of 28°C in January to an average low of 16°C in July. Rainfall is abundant throughout the year, with an average of 1,500 millimeters annually. The rainy season typically runs from October to March, while the dry season lasts from April to September. The humidity levels are generally high, particularly during the summer months.