Sao Carlos Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Brazil
Climate
São Carlos, located in southeastern Brazil, enjoys a humid subtropical climate, characterized by warm, humid summers and mild, dry winters. The average annual temperature hovers around 22°C (72°F), with the hottest months being December, January, and February, when temperatures can soar above 30°C (86°F). Winters, from June to August, are relatively mild, with average temperatures between 15°C (59°F) and 20°C (68°F). The city receives ample rainfall throughout the year, with the wettest months being from October to March. During these months, thunderstorms are common, and occasional heavy downpours can occur.
Average Weather Year Round
The following table provides a detailed overview of the average weather conditions in São Carlos throughout the year:
| Month | Average Temp. (°C) | Average Rainfall (mm) |
|—|—|—|
| January | 23.6 | 195 |
| February | 23.8 | 165 |
| March | 23.3 | 145 |
| April | 21.9 | 100 |
| May | 19.6 | 70 |
| June | 17.3 | 50 |
| July | 16.4 | 40 |
| August | 17.1 | 45 |
| September | 18.7 | 70 |
| October | 20.3 | 105 |
| November | 21.8 | 140 |
| December | 22.9 | 175 |
Average Temperature in Sao Carlos, Brazil
Sao Carlos, a municipality in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, experiences a subtropical climate characterized by mild winters and hot, humid summers. The city’s average annual temperature is approximately 22°C (71.6°F), with minimal temperature variations throughout the year. The warmest months are typically January and February, with average temperatures reaching 25°C (77°F) or higher. On the other hand, the coldest months are June and July, when average temperatures drop to around 18°C (64.4°F). These variations are primarily due to the city’s location, which lies within the Southern Hemisphere, where seasons are reversed compared to the Northern Hemisphere.
Rainfall in Sao Carlos is abundant, with an average annual precipitation of around 1,300 mm (51.2 in). The wet season spans from October to March, during which rainfall can be heavy and frequent, occasionally resulting in flooding. Conversely, the dry season extends from April to September, with significantly reduced precipitation and increased sunshine. This seasonal contrast creates distinct climatic conditions, influencing the city’s vegetation, agriculture, and overall weather patterns.
Cloud Cover and Types
Sao Carlos, Brazil experiences a diverse range of cloud types throughout the year. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy and cotton-like appearance, are prevalent during the dry season (May to September). These clouds typically linger at lower altitudes and can indicate fair weather conditions. During the wet season (October to April), stratus clouds become more common. These flat, gray clouds often cover the sky and can bring rain or drizzle. Cumulonimbus clouds, which tower high into the atmosphere, appear during both seasons and can produce thunderstorms and heavy rainfall.
Cloud Climatology
Sao Carlos’ cloud cover varies seasonally. During the dry season, cloud cover is typically low, averaging around 2-3 oktas (one-eighth of the sky covered by clouds). As the wet season approaches, cloud cover increases significantly, reaching an average of 5-6 oktas in December and January. The highest cloud cover occurs in the late afternoon and evening, reflecting the convective nature of the region. The cloud cover typically decreases during the night and early morning, allowing for clearer skies and cooler temperatures.
Overall Precipitation Patterns
Sao Carlos, Brazil experiences a humid subtropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically lasts from October to March, bringing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. During this period, monthly precipitation exceeds 150 millimeters. The dry season, from April to September, is characterized by less frequent and lighter rainfall. Monthly precipitation during this time averages around 50 millimeters. The city’s annual precipitation is approximately 1,300 millimeters.
Seasonal Variations
The wettest month in Sao Carlos is typically February, with an average precipitation of over 200 millimeters. The driest month is June, with an average precipitation of around 20 millimeters. During the rainy season, heavy downpours are common, often resulting in flooding and landslides. In the dry season, precipitation is sparse and sporadic, with longer periods of drought. The city experiences occasional droughts during this time, causing water shortages and affecting agriculture.
Overall Rainfall Patterns
Sao Carlos, located in southeastern Brazil, experiences a humid subtropical climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, which typically runs from October to April, heavy rainfall is common, with an average annual precipitation of around 1,300 millimeters. The wettest months are January and February, which receive an average of around 200 millimeters of rainfall each. In contrast, the dry season, from May to September, is characterized by significantly less rainfall, with an average of only around 200 millimeters of rainfall during the entire period.
Factors Influencing Rainfall Patterns
The rainfall patterns in Sao Carlos are primarily influenced by the seasonal movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which is a narrow band of low pressure that encircles the globe. During the wet season, the ITCZ moves southward, bringing with it warm, moist air from the Amazon rainforest. This air ascends rapidly, leading to the formation of clouds and heavy rainfall. Conversely, during the dry season, the ITCZ moves northward, resulting in a decrease in humidity and rainfall. Additionally, the presence of the Atlantic Ocean to the east also contributes to the rainfall patterns by providing a source of moisture.
Unusual Occurrence: Snowfall in Sao Carlos, Brazil
Snowfall is an extremely rare event in Brazil, with its tropical climate and proximity to the equator. However, in July 2021, the city of Sao Carlos in southeastern Brazil experienced an unprecedented snowfall. As temperatures plummeted, heavy snow began to fall, covering the city in a thick blanket of white. The last recorded snowfall in this area occurred in 1975, making this event particularly notable. The snow remained on the ground for several hours, bewildering residents and attracting widespread attention.
Causes and Impacts of Snowfall
The snowfall in Sao Carlos was caused by a combination of factors. A cold front from the South Atlantic brought unusually low temperatures to the region, while a strong wind from the southeast provided moisture for snow formation. The snowfall had a significant impact on the city. It disrupted transportation, closed schools, and caused power outages. However, the snow also brought joy and excitement to the residents, who had never before experienced such phenomenon. It served as a reminder of the unpredictable nature of weather and the beauty that can arise from the most unexpected of events.
Climate and Temperature
In São Carlos, Brazil, the sun is prevalent throughout the year, with ample sunshine hours and warm temperatures. The average annual temperature hovers around 23°C (73°F), providing a pleasant climate suitable for outdoor activities. During the summer months from December to February, temperatures can soar to the mid-30s (90s F), creating a tropical atmosphere. However, the city also experiences a distinct dry season from May to September, during which temperatures can drop to as low as 10°C (50°F) at night, especially in the early morning.
Cloud Cover and Precipitation
While sunshine is abundant in São Carlos, cloud cover can vary depending on the season. The wet season, which runs from October to April, brings increased cloudiness and occasional thunderstorms. These storms are generally short-lived and provide welcome relief from the heat. The dry season, on the other hand, is characterized by fewer clouds and a dry atmosphere. However, even during this period, São Carlos can experience occasional drizzle or light rain, primarily in the form of afternoon showers.
Moon Rise and Set Times
The moonrise and set times in Sao Carlos, Brazil vary throughout the month. For accurate and up-to-date information, it’s recommended to consult a local almanac or reputable astronomy website. Generally, the moon rises around sunset and sets approximately 12 hours later. The specific times can be affected by factors such as the moon’s phase, the time of year, and the observer’s location within Sao Carlos.
Moon Phases
Sao Carlos experiences the same moon phases as the rest of Earth. The lunar cycle consists of four main phases: new moon, waxing crescent, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, waning crescent, and then back to new moon. During a new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth as it is located between the Earth and the Sun. As the moon moves around the Earth, it gradually becomes more illuminated by the Sun, leading to the different phases. The full moon occurs when the entire face of the moon is illuminated by the Sun.
Seasonal Humidity Variations
Humidity levels in São Carlos, Brazil vary significantly throughout the year due to its tropical climate and distinct wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, which typically lasts from October to March, the city experiences high humidity levels, often reaching above 80%. This is primarily due to frequent rainfall and high levels of atmospheric moisture. On average, the wet season humidity ranges from 70% to 85%.
In contrast, during the dry season, which lasts from April to September, humidity levels drop considerably. With less rainfall and reduced atmospheric moisture, the average humidity ranges from 50% to 65%. The lowest humidity levels are typically observed in August and September, when the city experiences a brief period of drier conditions. During these months, humidity levels can occasionally drop below 40%, providing a respite from the humid conditions prevalent during the wet season.
Wind Patterns
Wind patterns in São Carlos, Brazil, are influenced by its location in the southeastern region of the country, within the subtropical climate zone. The prevailing winds are easterly during summer and southwesterly during winter. These seasonal variations are due to the shifting of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a low-pressure area near the equator where winds converge. During summer, the ITCZ moves southward, bringing with it moist easterly winds. In winter, the ITCZ shifts northward, resulting in dry southwesterly winds. Additionally, São Carlos’s proximity to the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range can channel winds, creating strong gusts at times.
Wind Speed and Direction
Wind speed in São Carlos varies throughout the year, with the average annual speed being around 12 km/h (7.5 mph). The windiest months are September and October, when average speeds can reach up to 15 km/h (9.3 mph). The calmest months are June and July, when average speeds drop to around 10 km/h (6.2 mph). Wind direction is relatively consistent, with the predominant direction being easterly during summer and southwesterly during winter. In the late afternoon and early evening, it is common to experience a shift in wind direction to the northeast as the land cools and sea breezes develop.
Best Time to Visit for Weather
Sao Carlos is located in a subtropical highland climate zone, characterized by mild temperatures year-round. While the city experiences a rainy season from October to March, the best time to visit for optimal weather conditions is during the dry season, which runs from April to September. During this period, temperatures average between 15-25°C (59-77°F), with low humidity and minimal rainfall. Visitors can enjoy sunny days perfect for outdoor activities and exploring the city’s attractions without the worry of precipitation.
Best Time to Visit for Events
Sao Carlos hosts a variety of cultural and sporting events throughout the year, offering visitors a glimpse into the local customs and traditions. For those interested in music and performing arts, the city’s annual Music Festival, held in July, showcases a diverse range of musical genres, including classical, jazz, and Brazilian popular music. The Sao Carlos International Sports Festival, typically held in August, attracts athletes from around the world for competitions in various disciplines, such as volleyball, basketball, and swimming. Attending these events provides a unique opportunity to experience the vibrant atmosphere of the city and interact with locals.
Potential for Solar Energy in Sao Carlos
Sao Carlos, Brazil, boasts remarkable potential for solar energy utilization. The city enjoys an abundance of sunshine throughout the year, with an average solar irradiance exceeding 5.5 kWh/m2 per day. This favorable solar resource makes Sao Carlos an ideal location for the development of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, which can convert sunlight directly into electricity. Furthermore, the city’s commitment to sustainability and environmental stewardship provides a conducive environment for the adoption of clean and renewable energy sources such as solar power.
Opportunities and Challenges
The potential for solar energy in Sao Carlos presents numerous opportunities for local businesses, residents, and the municipality itself. The installation of rooftop solar PV systems can significantly reduce electricity consumption and costs for households and commercial establishments. Solar streetlights and other public infrastructure can illuminate streets and public areas while reducing the city’s reliance on conventional energy sources. Additionally, the development of large-scale solar farms in the surrounding areas can generate renewable energy for the entire region. However, challenges exist, including the initial investment costs associated with solar PV systems and the need for efficient energy storage solutions to address the intermittent nature of solar power.
General Topography
São Carlos, Brazil, is located in southeastern São Paulo state, approximately 230 kilometers (143 miles) northwest of the state capital. It lies within the Mogiana Depression, a broad, gently sloping region that is characterized by a mix of plains, low hills, and isolated plateaus. The topography of São Carlos is predominantly flat, with an average elevation of around 800 meters (2,625 feet) above sea level. However, the city is traversed by several rivers, including the Monjolinho and Jacaré-Guaçu rivers, which have created valleys and ravines that add some variation to the landscape.
Influence on Urban Development
The topography of São Carlos has played a significant role in shaping the city’s development. The relatively flat terrain has made it easy to build roads and infrastructure, and the proximity to rivers has provided a valuable source of water and transportation. However, the presence of valleys and ravines has also presented challenges for urban planning, as they can create barriers to growth and accessibility. To overcome these challenges, the city has implemented measures such as bridges, viaducts, and tunnels to facilitate movement across these natural features. Overall, the topography of São Carlos has both influenced and constrained the city’s growth and development, resulting in a unique and diverse urban landscape.
Nearest Airport
The nearest airport to Sao Carlos, Brazil, is the Sao Carlos Airport (SCZ), located approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the city center. The airport offers regular flights to major cities in Brazil, including Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Curitiba. Additionally, there are connecting flights to international destinations such as Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Miami, United States.
Alternative Airports
If Sao Carlos Airport does not offer the desired flight options or schedules, alternative airports within a reasonable driving distance include:
- Virgolino de Oliveira Airport (VCP) in Campinas, located approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles) from Sao Carlos. VCP is a larger airport with a wider selection of flights and connections.
- Guarulhos International Airport (GRU) in Sao Paulo, located approximately 200 kilometers (124 miles) from Sao Carlos. GRU is the largest airport in Brazil, offering a comprehensive range of domestic and international flights.
Geography and Economy
São Carlos is a municipality located in the southeastern region of Brazil, in the state of São Paulo. Situated in the Ribeirão Preto metropolitan area, it is approximately 230 kilometers from the state capital, São Paulo. With an area of 1,136 square kilometers, São Carlos is characterized by its gently undulating topography and a predominance of agricultural land, primarily used for sugarcane and orange cultivation. The city also boasts a strong industrial base, particularly in sectors related to electronics, automotive, and pharmaceuticals.
Culture and Academia
São Carlos is renowned for its vibrant cultural scene and is home to several museums, theaters, and art galleries. The city’s cultural heritage is showcased during numerous festivals and events throughout the year, including the International Science and Technology Film Festival and the São Carlos Music Festival. São Carlos is also a major academic center, housing the prestigious University of São Paulo (USP) – São Carlos campus, which is recognized for its excellence in engineering, computer science, and physics. The university contributes significantly to the city’s intellectual and technological development, fostering innovation and attracting a diverse population of students and researchers.