Santiago de Compostela Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Spain

Overview

Santiago de Compostela, the capital of Spain’s Galicia region, experiences a temperate climate with distinct seasons. Summers are typically warm and pleasant, with average temperatures hovering around 25°C (77°F) in July and August. Winters, on the other hand, are mild and rainy, with temperatures averaging around 8°C (46°F) in January. Spring and autumn are generally transition periods, with temperatures gradually increasing or decreasing as the seasons change.

Rainfall and Humidity

Santiago de Compostela receives significant rainfall throughout the year, averaging around 800 mm (31 inches) annually. The wettest months are October and November, when rainfall can exceed 100 mm (4 inches) per month. In contrast, the driest months are July and August, with average precipitation of less than 30 mm (1.2 inches). Humidity levels are generally high throughout the year, particularly during the colder months. The average annual humidity is around 80%, making foggy mornings and slick roads a common occurrence.

Annual Temperature

Santiago de Compostela, a captivating city nestled in northwestern Spain, experiences a temperate climate with distinct seasonal variations. Throughout the year, the average temperature ranges between 12.8°C (55.0°F) and 20.4°C (68.7°F). The warmest months are July and August, with average temperatures peaking at around 20.4°C (68.7°F). January and February represent the coldest months, with average temperatures dropping to approximately 12.8°C (55.0°F).

Seasonal Temperature Fluctuations

Spring, from March to May, gradually brings warmer temperatures. April showcases pleasant weather, with average temperatures hovering around 14.7°C (58.5°F). Summer, spanning from June to August, embraces the warmest conditions, with July averaging 20.4°C (68.7°F). During autumn, from September to November, temperatures gradually cool, with October averaging 16.9°C (62.4°F). Winter, lasting from December to February, presents the coldest conditions, with January averaging 12.8°C (55.0°F).

High Clouds

Cirrus and cirrocumulus clouds are prevalent at higher altitudes in Santiago de Compostela. Cirrus clouds are thin, whispy clouds that appear as delicate streaks or tufts. They are composed of ice crystals and indicate stable atmospheric conditions. Cirrocumulus clouds are small, white clouds that resemble cotton balls. They often form in clusters or rows and may indicate fair weather or the approach of a warm front.

Middle Clouds

Altocumulus and altostratus clouds are found at middle altitudes in Santiago de Compostela. Altocumulus clouds are gray or white clouds with rounded edges that often appear in patches or layers. They may indicate stable atmospheric conditions or the presence of a weak cold front. Altostratus clouds are gray or blue-gray clouds that form a uniform sheet across the sky. They may produce light drizzle or rain and typically signal the approach of a warm front or an occlusion.

Annual Precipitation and Seasonality

Santiago de Compostela, Spain, experiences a moderate amount of precipitation throughout the year, averaging around 1,400 millimeters annually. The city has a relatively wet and temperate climate influenced by its location on the northwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Precipitation levels vary seasonally, with the wettest periods occurring during the autumn and winter months. From October to December, the city receives an average of over 200 millimeters of rainfall per month, which contributes to its lush green landscapes. In contrast, the summer months are generally drier, with average monthly precipitation dropping below 100 millimeters.

Distribution and Intensity of Precipitation

Throughout the year, precipitation in Santiago de Compostela is typically distributed evenly, with a high frequency of light to moderate rainfall. However, occasional heavy rainfall events, particularly during the autumn and winter, can lead to localized flooding and temporary disruptions. The city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean contributes to the formation of clouds that bring frequent showers, which contribute significantly to its overall precipitation levels. The average number of rainy days per year in Santiago de Compostela is around 150, indicating a relatively humid climate.

Climate and Precipitation Patterns

Santiago de Compostela experiences a temperate climate with year-round rainfall. The city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean means that it is influenced by both maritime and continental weather patterns. Winters are generally mild with average temperatures between 5°C and 10°C. Summers are warm and sunny, with average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average of 1400 mm per annum. However, the wettest months are typically October and November, while the driest months are July and August.

Impact on City Life and Economy

The abundant rainfall in Santiago de Compostela has a significant impact on the city’s life and economy. The regular precipitation ensures a lush green landscape and provides water for agriculture. The city’s numerous parks, gardens, and green spaces contribute to its overall livability and charm. Additionally, the rainfall supports the region’s farming industry, with local produce being an important part of the local cuisine. However, the city is also prone to occasional flooding during periods of heavy rainfall, which can cause some disruption to daily life and infrastructure. To mitigate this, the city authorities have implemented measures such as flood control systems and improved drainage networks.

Historical Snowfall Patterns

Santiago de Compostela, located in northwestern Spain, has a temperate climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Snowfall in the city is relatively rare, occurring only a few days each year. However, on occasion, the city has experienced significant snowfall. In 1953, Santiago de Compostela was blanketed by 20 centimeters of snow, leading to widespread transportation disruptions and power outages. In recent years, snowfall has become even less frequent. Since 2010, there have only been a handful of days with recorded snowfall in the city.

Causes of Snowfall

Snowfall in Santiago de Compostela occurs when cold air from the north meets warm, moist air from the ocean. As the moist air rises and cools, it condenses and forms clouds. If the temperature in the clouds is cold enough, the water vapor will freeze into ice crystals. These ice crystals can then grow and fall to the ground as snow. Snowfall is most likely to occur during the winter months, when the air is colder and there is more moisture in the atmosphere.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

In Santiago de Compostela, Spain, the sun’s behavior varies significantly throughout the year due to its geographical location and the Earth’s tilt. During the summer months, from around late May to early August, the sunrise occurs between 6:30 and 7:00 AM, marking the beginning of a long and sunny day. Conversely, the sunset times extend well into the evening, with the sun dipping below the horizon between 9:30 and 10:00 PM. This provides ample time to bask in the warm sunshine and enjoy the city’s outdoor attractions.

Sunshine Hours and UV Index

Santiago de Compostela enjoys a generous amount of sunshine throughout the year. During the summer months, the average daily sunshine hours reach their peak, ranging from 8 to 10 hours. The city experiences fewer sunshine hours during the winter, with an average of 4 to 6 hours per day. The UV index, a measure of the intensity of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, is typically high in Santiago de Compostela during the summer months, ranging from 6 to 8 on the UV index scale. It is important to take precautions to protect your skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation by using sunscreen, wearing sunglasses, and seeking shade during peak sun hours.

Moonrise and Moonset Times in Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Santiago de Compostela, a city in northwestern Spain, experiences varying moonrise and moonset times throughout the year due to its location in the Northern Hemisphere. During the summer months, the moon rises later and sets later, resulting in longer nights. Conversely, in the winter months, the moon rises earlier and sets earlier, leading to shorter nights.

To illustrate, in the month of June, the average moonrise time in Santiago de Compostela is around 10:30 PM, while the average moonset time is around 6:00 AM. This means that the moon is visible in the sky for approximately 7.5 hours during this time. In contrast, during the month of December, the average moonrise time is around 5:30 PM, while the average moonset time is around 1:00 AM. This results in approximately 7.5 hours of moonlight during the night.

Annual Humidity Patterns

Santiago de Compostela, in northwestern Spain, experiences notable seasonal variations in humidity levels. During the summer months (June to August), humidity remains relatively low, averaging around 55-60%. This is due to the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, which provides cooling sea breezes that reduce air moisture. However, from September onward, humidity starts to increase gradually.

Winter and Spring Humidity

As winter approaches (December to February), humidity levels climb significantly, reaching their peak in January when they typically exceed 75%. This is caused by the Azores High pressure system, which brings warm, humid air from the Atlantic Ocean over the Iberian Peninsula. In spring (March to May), humidity remains high, averaging around 70%, as the region experiences frequent precipitation and cloudy conditions.

Diurnal and Interannual Variability

Humidity levels in Santiago de Compostela also exhibit diurnal and interannual variability. During the day, humidity is typically lowest in the afternoon, when the sun’s heat evaporates moisture from the air. At night, humidity rises again as temperatures cool. Interannually, humidity can vary depending on the strength and position of the Azores High, which influences the amount of moisture carried over the region.

Seasonal Wind Patterns

Wind patterns in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, exhibit distinct seasonal variations. During the summer months (June to September), the prevailing wind direction is from the northwest. These winds originate from the Atlantic Ocean and bring mild temperatures and abundant rainfall. In contrast, during the winter (December to February), the dominant wind direction shifts to the northeast, influenced by cold air masses originating from continental Europe. These winds tend to be dry and can bring occasional snowfall to the city.

Wind Speed

Wind speeds in Santiago de Compostela are generally moderate throughout the year. The average wind speed ranges from 10 to 15 kilometers per hour. However, during the autumn and winter months (October to March), strong winds from the Atlantic can cause occasional storms. These storms can reach wind speeds of up to 60 kilometers per hour and may be accompanied by heavy rain and hail. Additionally, the mountainous terrain surrounding the city can create local wind effects, resulting in gusty winds in certain areas.

Spring (March-May)

Spring is an ideal time to visit Santiago de Compostela. The weather is mild and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 10°C to 18°C. The city is less crowded during this time, so you can explore its historic streets and landmarks without the throngs of tourists that descend upon it in the summer months. The lush green surroundings and blooming flowers create a picturesque atmosphere, making it a wonderful time for nature lovers to visit.

Autumn (September-November)

Autumn is another excellent time to visit Santiago de Compostela. The crowds have thinned out even further, and the weather is still mild, with average temperatures ranging from 13°C to 19°C. The city’s parks and gardens are ablaze with autumn colors, offering stunning photo opportunities. This is also a good time to sample the region’s culinary delights, as fresh produce is in abundance at local markets and restaurants.

Potential and Development:

Santiago de Compostela enjoys significant solar potential, with an average of over 2,000 sunshine hours annually. The city has made strides in harnessing this resource, installing numerous solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. These systems generate electricity from sunlight, contributing to renewable energy production and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Notable projects include the 1,000-panel solar plant at the University of Santiago de Compostela and the 100-MW solar farm in the nearby town of Arzúa.

Benefits and Challenges:

Solar energy offers numerous benefits for Santiago de Compostela. It reduces reliance on fossil fuels, promotes energy independence, and lowers air pollution. Additionally, solar PV systems can be integrated into existing buildings and infrastructure, making them a cost-effective solution. However, challenges remain in optimizing system efficiency, managing intermittent solar power output, and ensuring grid compatibility. To address these challenges, the city is exploring advanced technologies such as battery storage and smart grid integration. Furthermore, promoting public awareness and providing financial incentives have been crucial in encouraging the adoption of solar energy in Santiago de Compostela.

Relief and Elevation

Santiago de Compostela is a city located in the northwestern region of Spain, in the autonomous community of Galicia. The city is situated in a valley and is surrounded by hills on three sides. The average elevation of the city is 260 meters above sea level. The highest point in the municipality is Mount Pedroso, which has an elevation of 832 meters. The lowest point is the Sar river, which has an elevation of 23 meters.

Hydrography

The city is crossed by the Sar river, which flows into the Ulla river. The Sar river is a tributary of the Ulla river, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean. There are several other smaller rivers and streams that flow through the municipality, including the Sarela river, the Sarria river, and the Lavacolla river. The city is also home to several lakes, including the Carmela lake, the Castiñeiro lake, and the Santa Cristina lake.

Santiago de Compostela Airport (SCQ)

Santiago de Compostela Airport, officially known as Santiago-Rosalía de Castro Airport, is the primary airport serving Santiago de Compostela, the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. Located approximately 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) northeast of the city center, it is the sixth-busiest airport in Spain, handling over 2.5 million passengers annually.

The airport has a single passenger terminal, which has been expanded and modernized over the years to accommodate the growing number of passengers. It features a wide range of amenities, including duty-free shops, restaurants, bars, and business lounges. Santiago de Compostela Airport is well-connected to the city center via public transportation, with regular bus and taxi services available. The airport also offers a wide range of direct flights to major destinations within Spain and Europe, including Madrid, Barcelona, London, Paris, and Dublin.

History and Significance

Santiago de Compostela, nestled in the verdant hills of northwestern Spain, is a city steeped in history and pilgrimage. The city’s origins lie in the 9th century, when the tomb of Saint James the Greater was discovered. The news of this discovery sparked a wave of pilgrimages from across Europe, transforming Santiago into a major religious center. The city became a symbol of the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. The Pilgrim’s Path, or Camino de Santiago, became a sacred route that attracted millions of pilgrims throughout the centuries. Today, the city remains a popular pilgrimage destination, with people from all corners of the globe embarking on this spiritual journey.

Cultural Heritage and Landmarks

Santiago de Compostela boasts a rich cultural heritage, evident in its magnificent architecture and lively atmosphere. The city’s most iconic landmark is the Cathedral of Santiago, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The cathedral is a masterpiece of Romanesque and Gothic architecture, featuring an imposing facade, intricate carvings, and a soaring tower. The heart of the cathedral is the Plaza da Quintana, where pilgrims gather to embrace the Apostle’s tomb. Other notable landmarks include the Monastery of San Martin Pinario, a former Benedictine monastery with a stunning Baroque facade, and the University of Santiago de Compostela, one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Spain. The city is also known for its vibrant arts scene, with numerous theaters, art galleries, and music venues.