Santa Tecla Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – El Salvador

Summer (May to October)

During the summer months, Santa Tecla experiences warm and rainy weather, with average temperatures ranging from 77°F to 87°F. The rainy season typically peaks in June and July, with frequent afternoon showers and thunderstorms. However, the rain often provides relief from the heat and humidity, making it a pleasant time to visit the city. Despite the rainfall, there are still plenty of sunny hours during the day, allowing visitors to enjoy outdoor activities.

Winter (November to April)

The winter months in Santa Tecla are generally dryer and cooler, with average temperatures ranging from 68°F to 80°F. The rainfall decreases significantly, making it an ideal time for sightseeing and outdoor exploration. The skies are often clear, offering stunning views of the surrounding volcanoes and lush greenery. This season is also a popular time for festivals and events, such as the Christmas and New Year celebrations and the vibrant Cuscatlan Carnival.

Year-Round Temperature

Santa Tecla, El Salvador, enjoys a relatively stable temperature throughout the year, with an average annual temperature of 22.1°C (71.8°F). The warmest months are March and April, with average temperatures reaching 24.5°C (76.1°F) and 24.6°C (76.3°F), respectively. The coolest months are December and January, with average temperatures dropping to 20.3°C (68.5°F) and 20.1°C (68.2°F), respectively. The city experiences minimal temperature fluctuations throughout the year, making it a pleasant destination for visitors at any time.

Dry and Rainy Seasons

Santa Tecla, as part of El Salvador, experiences two distinct seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season typically lasts from November to April, with little rainfall and clear skies. This period is characterized by comfortable temperatures, making it an ideal time to enjoy outdoor activities. In contrast, the rainy season runs from May to October, bringing frequent rainfall to the city. During this period, temperatures tend to be slightly higher, with occasional humidity. However, the rainfall provides much-needed moisture to the region and creates lush greenery in the surrounding countryside.

Cloud Types in Santa Tecla, El Salvador

Santa Tecla, located in central El Salvador, experiences a tropical climate characterized by two distinct seasons: the wet season from May to October and the dry season from November to April. During the wet season, the city often experiences cloudy conditions due to the increased moisture in the atmosphere. The most common cloud types observed in Santa Tecla include cumulus and cirrus clouds. Cumulus clouds, with their characteristic puffy appearance, typically form at low altitudes and can bring rain showers. Cirrus clouds, on the other hand, are thin, wispy clouds that form at high altitudes and usually indicate fair weather.

Influence of Topography on Cloud Formation

The topography of Santa Tecla has a significant influence on the formation of clouds in the area. The city is situated at the base of the San Salvador Volcano, which rises to over 1,900 meters (6,234 feet) above sea level. The volcano acts as a barrier to moisture-laden winds from the Pacific Ocean, leading to the formation of clouds on the windward side of the volcano, including Santa Tecla. The presence of the volcano also creates a localized effect, resulting in the formation of orographic clouds, which are clouds that form as air rises over the slopes of the mountain and cools, leading to condensation and cloud formation.

Overview of Precipitation in Santa Tecla

Santa Tecla, El Salvador, experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry season typically extends from November to April, while the wet season spans from May to October. During the wet season, Santa Tecla receives abundant rainfall, averaging around 1,500 millimeters (59 inches) annually. The city’s proximity to the Pacific Ocean and the influence of the North Pacific High-Pressure System contribute to the heavy precipitation during this period.

Seasonal Distribution and Extreme Events

The wettest months in Santa Tecla are typically September and October, when rainfall can exceed 300 millimeters (12 inches) each month. Conversely, the driest months are February and March, when precipitation averages around 50 millimeters (2 inches). During the dry season, rainfall is often sporadic and can sometimes be accompanied by strong winds and dust storms. The city is also vulnerable to extreme weather events such as tropical storms and hurricanes, which can bring heavy rains and flooding to the region.

Monthly Variation in Rainfall

Rainfall in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, exhibits a distinct wet and dry seasonality. The wet season begins around May and extends through October, bringing abundant rainfall. During these months, the average monthly precipitation exceeds 200 mm (8 inches), with some months receiving over 300 mm (12 inches) of rain. The peak of the wet season occurs in September when rainfall often surpasses 400 mm (16 inches). In contrast, the dry season runs from November to April and is characterized by significantly reduced rainfall. During this period, monthly precipitation typically falls below 50 mm (2 inches), and some months may receive less than 10 mm (0.4 inches) of rain.

Annual Rainfall Totals

Santa Tecla’s annual rainfall varies from year to year. The average annual rainfall is approximately 2000 mm (80 inches), but it can range from 1600 mm (63 inches) to over 2400 mm (94 inches). The variability in rainfall totals is influenced by multiple factors, including El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, which can alter ocean temperatures and atmospheric circulation patterns, leading to changes in rainfall patterns in El Salvador. During El Niño years, Santa Tecla tends to experience reduced rainfall, while La Niña years often bring increased precipitation. Overall, Santa Tecla’s annual rainfall is sufficient to support agriculture and other activities but can be subject to fluctuations due to climatic conditions.

Historical Observations

Snowfall in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, is an extremely rare occurrence due to its tropical location and proximity to the equator. The city is situated at a relatively low elevation, and its climate is characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall. There have been no recorded instances of snowfall in Santa Tecla’s history.

Meteorological Factors

The absence of snowfall in Santa Tecla can be attributed to several meteorological factors. The city’s tropical location means that it experiences warm temperatures throughout the year. Additionally, its proximity to the ocean moderates the temperature and prevents the formation of cold air masses necessary for snowfall. Even during the coldest months, temperatures rarely drop below 15°C, further inhibiting the possibility of snow accumulation.

Average Sunshine Hours in Santa Tecla, El Salvador

Santa Tecla, located in the central region of El Salvador, enjoys an abundance of sunshine throughout the year. On average, the city receives approximately 2,800 hours of sunshine annually, which translates to an average of 8 hours of sunshine per day. This makes Santa Tecla one of the sunniest cities in El Salvador, contributing to its warm and pleasant climate.

The sunniest months in Santa Tecla are typically January and February, with daily sunshine hours averaging 10 hours. During this period, the skies are generally clear, and humidity levels are relatively low, making it ideal for outdoor activities and enjoying the city’s vibrant atmosphere. The least sunny months are typically May and June, coinciding with the rainy season. However, even during these months, Santa Tecla still receives a significant amount of sunshine, with daily sunshine hours averaging around 6 hours.

Moon Phases in Santa Tecla

The phases of the moon in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, follow the same cycle as the rest of the world. The new moon is the first phase, when the moon is not visible from Earth. This is followed by the waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent, and finally the new moon again. The cycle repeats itself approximately every 29.5 days.

The full moon is the most visible phase of the moon, and it occurs when the moon is fully illuminated by the sun. The full moon is considered a time of heightened energy and intuition, and it is often associated with magic and rituals. In Santa Tecla, the full moon is a time for celebration, and many people gather together to enjoy the moonlight and share food and stories.

Seasonal Humidity Trends

Santa Tecla, El Salvador, experiences significant variations in humidity levels throughout the year. The dry season, from November to April, is characterized by low humidity, typically ranging from 50% to 70%. During this period, the prevailing easterly trade winds bring drier air from the Atlantic Ocean. The wet season, from May to October, sees a rise in humidity due to increased rainfall and moisture from the Caribbean Sea. Humidity levels during this time can reach up to 90% or more, creating a humid and muggy atmosphere.

Effect on Residents and Visitors

The humidity in Santa Tecla can have noticeable effects on residents and visitors. During the dry season, the low humidity can lead to dry skin and respiratory issues for some individuals. In contrast, the high humidity during the wet season can make physical activities feel more strenuous and increase the risk of heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Visitors should prepare for the humid conditions, especially during the wet season, by staying hydrated and wearing loose clothing.

Wind Patterns in Santa Tecla

Santa Tecla, located in El Salvador, experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The prevailing wind direction in Santa Tecla is from the east-northeast, originating from the Caribbean Sea. During the wet season, from May to October, the easterly trade winds bring abundant moisture to the region, leading to frequent rainfall. These winds also contribute to the formation of clouds and can result in periods of overcast skies and reduced visibility.

In contrast, during the dry season, from November to April, the wind patterns shift slightly. A north-northwest wind, known as the “norte,” becomes more dominant. The norte brings drier and cooler air from the Pacific Ocean, leading to a significant reduction in precipitation. These winds can be particularly strong at times, especially during the transition between the wet and dry seasons. They can also transport dust and smoke, resulting in hazy conditions and decreased air quality. Overall, the wind patterns in Santa Tecla play a crucial role in shaping the climate and weather conditions experienced in the city.

Ideal Conditions

The ideal time to visit Santa Tecla, El Salvador, is during the dry season, which runs from November to April. During this period, the weather is mostly sunny and dry, with minimal rainfall. The average temperature hovers around 75-85°F (24-29°C), making it pleasant for outdoor activities and sightseeing. This season is also characterized by clear skies, providing excellent opportunities for stargazing and enjoying the city’s vibrant nightlife.

Activities and Festivals

The dry season also coincides with several important festivals and cultural events in Santa Tecla. One of the most notable is the Festival of Lights, held annually in December. This spectacular event features elaborate light displays, live music, and traditional Salvadoran cuisine. In February, the city hosts the International Guitar Festival, showcasing renowned guitarists from around the world. Additionally, the Santa Tecla Carnival, held in March, offers a lively parade, live music, and traditional games.

Solar Energy Potential in Santa Tecla

Santa Tecla, El Salvador boasts an abundance of sunlight, making it an ideal location for harnessing solar energy. With an average of over 5 kWh/m²/day of solar radiation, the city has the potential to become a hub for solar power generation. The high levels of solar irradiance, combined with favorable meteorological conditions such as clear skies and low humidity, provide an excellent environment for the operation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.

Solar Energy Adoption and Initiatives

The municipality of Santa Tecla has actively promoted the adoption of solar energy to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate climate change. In 2019, the city launched a rooftop solar program, offering incentives to homeowners and businesses to install solar PV systems. Additionally, several large-scale solar projects have been implemented, including the 10 MW Tecla Solar Plant, which contributes a significant portion of the city’s electricity demand. These initiatives have resulted in a growing number of solar installations, paving the way for a sustainable energy future for Santa Tecla.

General Topography

Santa Tecla, El Salvador, is located in the central highlands of the country, approximately 10 kilometers west of San Salvador. The city lies on a relatively flat plateau that is bounded by two major mountain ranges: the Sierra Madre Oriental to the north and the Sierra Tecla to the south. The elevation of the city ranges from 900 to 1,100 meters above sea level. Numerous rivers and streams flow through the city, providing it with a rich water supply. The most notable of these rivers is the Acelhuate River, which divides the city into two parts.

Volcanic Features

Santa Tecla is located in a region that has been shaped by volcanic activity. The city itself is built on the slopes of the San Salvador Volcano, an active volcano that last erupted in 1917. The volcano’s cone is visible from many parts of the city and is a popular tourist destination. Other volcanic features in the area include the Boquerón Volcano, which is located within the San Salvador Volcano National Park, and the Izalco Volcano, which is located to the west of Santa Tecla. These volcanoes are a constant reminder of the region’s volcanic past and pose a potential hazard to the city.

El Salvador International Airport (SAL)

El Salvador International Airport (SAL), also known as Comalapa International Airport, is the primary airport serving Santa Tecla and the greater San Salvador metropolitan area. Located approximately 44 kilometers south of Santa Tecla, SAL is the largest and busiest airport in El Salvador, handling both domestic and international flights. The airport features three terminals and offers connections to destinations throughout Central America, North America, and Europe. SAL is a convenient gateway for travelers visiting Santa Tecla and the surrounding region, providing efficient access to major cities and international destinations.

Other Nearby Airports

In addition to SAL, there are a few other smaller airports located within a reasonable distance of Santa Tecla. Ilopango International Airport (ILS), also known as Cuscatlan International Airport, is located approximately 16 kilometers east of Santa Tecla. ILS primarily handles domestic flights within El Salvador, but it also offers some regional international flights to neighboring countries. La Libertad Airport (LBR) is another small airport located approximately 30 kilometers southwest of Santa Tecla. LBR mainly serves private and charter flights, providing convenient access for private aviation travelers. While these smaller airports may not offer as many flight options as SAL, they can provide alternative options for travelers seeking shorter distances or specific flight schedules.

History and Culture:

Santa Tecla, officially known as Nueva San Salvador, is the capital city of the department of La Libertad in El Salvador. It was founded in 1858 after a devastating earthquake destroyed the previous capital, San Salvador. Santa Tecla is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its colonial architecture, museums, and art galleries. The city is home to several universities and educational institutions, contributing to its reputation as an intellectual and cultural hub.

Tourism and Attractions:

Santa Tecla offers a variety of tourist attractions for visitors. One of the main highlights is the Cathedral of Santa Tecla, renowned for its Neo-Gothic architecture and beautiful stained-glass windows. The city’s central park, Parque Daniel Hernández, is a popular gathering place, surrounded by historical landmarks and sculptures. Santa Tecla also boasts modern shopping centers, restaurants, and cafes, making it a vibrant destination for tourists and locals alike. Additionally, the city is strategically located just outside San Salvador, providing easy access to the international airport and other major attractions in the region.