Sankt Gallen Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Switzerland

Summer

Sankt Gallen enjoys warm, sunny summers with average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. The warmest months are July and August, with highs often exceeding 30°C. The city receives frequent rainfall during the summer, mostly in the form of short, intense showers. Despite the rain, the weather is generally pleasant, with bright sunshine and balmy evenings. Summer in Sankt Gallen offers perfect conditions for outdoor activities like hiking, biking, and swimming.

Winter

Winter in Sankt Gallen is cold and snowy, with average temperatures hovering around freezing. January is the coldest month, with lows dipping below -10°C. The city experiences regular snowfall throughout the winter, creating a picturesque winter wonderland. While the days are short and gray, the nights often bring clear skies and dazzling starlit views. Although the weather can be harsh, Sankt Gallen offers plenty of indoor attractions, such as museums, art galleries, and cozy cafes, to keep you warm and entertained during the winter months.

Annual Average Temperature

Sankt Gallen, Switzerland experiences a temperate climate with distinct seasons. The average annual temperature hovers around 10.5 degrees Celsius (50.9 degrees Fahrenheit). The warmest months are July and August, with average temperatures of approximately 18.5 degrees Celsius (65.3 degrees Fahrenheit). During these months, daytime temperatures can often exceed 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit), creating comfortable conditions for outdoor activities.

Seasonal Variations

Winter temperatures in Sankt Gallen are typically cold, with average temperatures in January and February hovering around freezing point (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit). Snowfall is common during the winter months, and temperatures can occasionally dip below -10 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit). Spring and autumn bring milder temperatures, with average temperatures ranging from 5 to 15 degrees Celsius (41 to 59 degrees Fahrenheit). These seasons are characterized by frequent rainfall, providing ample water for the region’s lush vegetation.

Cloud Cover

The cloud cover in Sankt Gallen, Switzerland, varies throughout the year, influencing the city’s weather patterns. During the winter months, cloud cover is typically more prevalent, leading to overcast skies and reduced sunlight. This cloudiness can result in cooler temperatures, with average highs hovering around 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit). In the summer, cloud cover tends to decrease, allowing for more sunshine and warmer temperatures. Average highs during the summer months reach around 23 degrees Celsius (73 degrees Fahrenheit).

Types of Clouds

Various types of clouds are visible in the skies above Sankt Gallen. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy and rounded appearance, are frequently observed. These clouds often appear at low to middle altitudes and can indicate fair weather. Stratus clouds, on the other hand, are more extensive and flat, covering a large portion of the sky. They usually produce overcast conditions and may lead to precipitation. In addition, cirrus clouds, which are thin and feathery, are common at high altitudes and often indicate fair weather. The specific types of clouds present on any given day can affect the amount of sunlight, temperature, and humidity in Sankt Gallen.

Monthly Precipitation Patterns

Sankt Gallen experiences significant precipitation throughout the year, with monthly averages ranging from 80 to 130 mm. The wettest months are May to August, featuring frequent rainfall and occasional thunderstorms. October and November also receive substantial rainfall, making autumn a relatively damp season. In contrast, winter months (December to February) are generally drier, with monthly precipitation averaging around 50 mm.

Annual Precipitation Distribution

On average, Sankt Gallen receives around 1200 mm of precipitation annually. This amount is distributed relatively evenly throughout the year, with slightly higher rainfall in the summer and autumn months. The city’s geographical location in the foothills of the Alps plays a crucial role in shaping its precipitation patterns. Rising air currents from the Rhine Valley and other surrounding areas, combined with the orographic lifting effect of the mountains, lead to frequent rainfall and contribute to the city’s overall precipitation totals.

Precipitation Patterns

Sankt Gallen experiences a temperate climate characterized by ample precipitation throughout the year. The annual rainfall averages around 1,300 mm (51.2 inches), with no pronounced dry season. Rainfall is relatively evenly distributed across the year, although there is a slight increase in precipitation during the summer months.

Seasonal Distribution

During the winter months (December to February), rainfall tends to be heavier and more frequent. This is due to the increased prevalence of storms and frontal systems passing through the region. Additionally, the presence of snow can contribute to increased precipitation amounts, as snowmelt often leads to additional rainfall.

In the summer months (June to August), rainfall tends to be more sporadic and often occurs in the form of thunderstorms. These thunderstorms can be intense and can result in heavy downpours and occasional hail. However, periods of dry weather are also common during the summer months, especially in July and August.

Snowfall Accumulation in Sankt Gallen, Switzerland

Sankt Gallen, nestled in the rolling green hills of northeastern Switzerland, experiences significant snowfall during the winter months. The city’s location in the pre-Alps means that it is subject to frequent snowstorms, particularly from December to February. Snowfall amounts can vary greatly, ranging from a gentle dusting to several feet over the course of a season. On average, Sankt Gallen receives around 70 centimeters of snow each year.

Impact of Snowfall on Sankt Gallen

The snowfall in Sankt Gallen has a profound impact on the city’s daily life and infrastructure. During heavy snowfalls, roads and sidewalks become treacherous, requiring extra caution for pedestrians and drivers. The city’s public transportation system may also be affected by delays or cancellations, especially when snow accumulates on tracks or overhead lines. Snowfall can also create beautiful winter landscapes, transforming the city into a picturesque wonderland and attracting tourists who come to enjoy the region’s renowned winter sports facilities.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

Sankt Gallen, Switzerland, experiences varying sunrise and sunset times throughout the year due to its location in the Northern Hemisphere and its proximity to the Arctic Circle. During the summer months, the days are longer, and the sun rises earlier and sets later. In June, the longest day of the year, the sun rises at approximately 5:30 AM and sets at around 9:30 PM, providing ample daylight hours. Conversely, during the winter months, the days are shorter, and the sun rises later and sets earlier. In December, the shortest day of the year, the sun rises at around 8:00 AM and sets at approximately 4:30 PM.

Annual Sunshine Hours

Sankt Gallen receives a moderate amount of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of around 1,600 to 1,700 sunshine hours annually. The city experiences the most sunshine during the summer months, with June, July, and August averaging over 200 hours of sunshine each. However, even during the winter months, Sankt Gallen typically receives at least 60 to 70 hours of sunshine per month, providing some relief from the shorter days.

Phases of the Moon in Sankt Gallen

The moon goes through a cycle of phases as it orbits the Earth. In Sankt Gallen, Switzerland, the moon’s phases can be observed throughout the year. The new moon is the first phase, when the moon is not visible from Earth. The waxing crescent moon follows, becoming increasingly visible as it grows. The first quarter moon is when the moon is half illuminated. The waxing gibbous moon continues to grow, leading to the full moon, when the entire face of the moon is illuminated. The waning gibbous moon then begins to shrink, followed by the third quarter moon and the waning crescent moon. The cycle ends with the new moon once again.

Moonrise and Moonset Times in Sankt Gallen

The times of moonrise and moonset in Sankt Gallen vary throughout the year. During the summer months, the moon rises and sets later than in the winter months. On the day of the new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth. The moon rises around sunrise and sets around sunset. As the moon progresses through its phases, the time of moonrise and moonset gradually changes. By the time of the full moon, the moon rises around sunset and sets around sunrise. The moonrise and moonset times can be found in local newspapers, online calendars, or astronomy apps.

Humidity Levels in Sankt Gallen

Sankt Gallen, a city located in northeastern Switzerland, experiences a humid climate. The average annual humidity is approximately 75%, with variations depending on the season. During the summer months (June-August), humidity levels are typically higher, ranging from 65% to 85%. This is due to the increased evaporation from bodies of water and vegetation during the warmer months. Conversely, during the winter months (December-February), humidity levels drop to an average of 60-70%.

The high humidity in Sankt Gallen can have various impacts on its inhabitants and visitors. For instance, it can contribute to increased sweating, discomfort, and difficulty breathing for those with respiratory issues. Additionally, high humidity can lead to condensation and mold growth in buildings, which can pose health risks if not properly addressed. However, it’s worth noting that the city’s humidity levels are moderate compared to other humid regions worldwide, and generally do not reach extreme or oppressive levels.

Average Wind Speed

Sankt Gallen, Switzerland experiences moderate wind speeds throughout the year. The average annual wind speed is around 20 kilometers per hour (12 miles per hour). During the summer months, from June to August, the average wind speed is slightly higher, ranging from 25 to 30 kilometers per hour (15 to 18 miles per hour). In the winter months, from December to February, the average wind speed drops to around 15 kilometers per hour (9 miles per hour).

Wind Direction

The predominant wind direction in Sankt Gallen is from the west and northwest. This is due to the influence of the Alps, which create a barrier to winds from the south and east. During the summer months, the wind often shifts to the southwest, bringing warm and humid air from the Mediterranean Sea. In the winter months, the wind direction is more variable, with cold and dry winds from the north and east occasionally occurring.

Influence of the Alps

The Alps have a significant influence on the wind patterns in Sankt Gallen. The mountains act as a barrier to winds from the south and east, creating a föhn effect. Föhn winds are warm and dry winds that descend the slopes of the Alps. They can occur at any time of year, but are most common in the winter months. Föhn winds can cause rapid temperature increases and can lead to snowmelt and avalanches.

Summer (June-August)

Summer in Sankt Gallen is a period of sunshine and warmth, with average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. The skies are mostly clear, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities. The city comes alive with festivals and events, including the St. Gallen Open Air, a renowned music festival held in an idyllic meadow. Visitors can enjoy leisurely strolls through the city’s picturesque streets, explore the stunning Abbey District, and embark on scenic hikes in the nearby Appenzell Alps. Swimming and boating are popular pastimes at Lake Constance, a short drive away.

Autumn (September-November)

Autumn in Sankt Gallen offers a vibrant tapestry of colors as the leaves transform into hues of gold and crimson. The weather remains mild, with average temperatures between 10°C and 18°C. It’s an ideal time to witness the city’s cultural heritage unfold during the annual International Symposium on St. Gall, a prestigious conference that attracts scholars and artists from around the world. Visitors can also partake in traditional autumn festivals, including the “Bodenwälder Kilbi,” a lively fair with local delicacies and music. The surrounding countryside invites picturesque hikes and cycling excursions amidst the autumn foliage.

Potential for Solar Energy in Sankt Gallen, Switzerland

Sankt Gallen, a city in northeastern Switzerland, has significant potential for solar energy utilization. The city receives an average of 1,300-1,500 sunshine hours per year, providing ample opportunities for solar photovoltaic (PV) system installation. The presence of suitable rooftops and open land areas further enhances the solar energy potential in Sankt Gallen.

Existing Solar Installations and Projects

Sankt Gallen has already made strides in harnessing solar energy. As of 2021, the city had installed over 5,000 solar PV systems, with a combined capacity of approximately 15 megawatts (MW). These systems generate enough electricity to power over 5,000 households and contribute significantly to reducing the city’s carbon footprint. Additionally, there are ongoing projects to promote solar energy adoption, including subsidies for PV installations and awareness campaigns.

Mountains and Valleys

The topography of Sankt Gallen is characterized by a diverse and mountainous landscape. The majestic Alps form the southern border of the canton, with peaks such as Säntis (2,502 meters) and Churfirsten (2,303 meters) creating a stunning backdrop. The Appenzell Alps, located to the east, offer picturesque valleys and rolling hills. The Toggenburg region, towards the northeast, is known for its rolling hills and verdant meadows. In contrast, the Rhine Valley, to the north, is a narrow and flat region that offers fertile agricultural land.

Lakes and Rivers

Sankt Gallen is home to several picturesque lakes, the largest of which is Lake Constance, shared with Austria and Germany. The lake offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains and is a popular destination for swimming, boating, and fishing. The Walensee, located in the southeast, is a smaller but equally beautiful lake, surrounded by steep cliffs and verdant forests. The Thur River, a tributary of the Rhine, flows through the canton, carving out deep gorges and creating waterfalls in some areas. The Rhine itself forms the northern boundary of Sankt Gallen, providing a natural border with Germany.

Zurich Airport (ZRH)

Zurich Airport is the nearest major airport to Sankt Gallen, located approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) away. As the largest international airport in Switzerland, ZRH offers a wide range of domestic and international flights, connecting Sankt Gallen to destinations worldwide. Travelers can access Sankt Gallen from ZRH by car, bus, or train. The journey by car takes about an hour, while the train ride takes around 1 hour and 15 minutes. Regular bus services connect the airport with Sankt Gallen, providing a convenient and affordable transportation option.

Altenrhein Airport (ACH)

Altenrhein Airport is a smaller regional airport located approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) from Sankt Gallen. It primarily serves domestic flights within Switzerland and a few international destinations. Although it is closer to Sankt Gallen than Zurich Airport, ACH offers a limited number of flights and destinations. Travelers flying into ACH can reach Sankt Gallen by car in about 30 minutes or by bus in approximately 45 minutes. It is recommended to check the availability and schedules of flights to ACH before making travel arrangements.

History and Culture

Sankt Gallen, a vibrant city in northeastern Switzerland, boasts a rich history dating back to the 7th century. The city’s heart is the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Abbey District, founded by Saint Gall and home to one of the most well-preserved medieval abbeys in Europe. The awe-inspiring Baroque cathedral, with its exquisite stained glass windows, is a testament to the city’s architectural grandeur. Sankt Gallen is also renowned for its world-class cultural institutions, such as the Kunstmuseum, showcasing a diverse collection of Swiss and international art.

Economy and Education

Sankt Gallen has a thriving economy anchored in the textile industry, particularly in the production of fine fabrics. The city is home to the world-class University of St. Gallen, which has earned a reputation as one of the leading business schools in Europe. The university plays a significant role in fostering innovation and entrepreneurism in the region, contributing to the city’s economic vitality. Additionally, Sankt Gallen is a hub for healthcare and life sciences, with a network of hospitals and research institutions driving advancements in medical technology and treatments.