Sanghar Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Pakistan

Climate

Sanghar, Pakistan experiences a hot desert climate, characterized by extreme temperatures and very low precipitation. The average annual temperature is 25.5°C (77.9°F), with average highs reaching 40°C (104°F) in the summer and average lows dropping to 10°C (50°F) in the winter. Precipitation is scarce, averaging only 200mm (8in) per year, mostly occurring during the monsoon season from July to September.

Average Weather Year Round

Spring (March-May): Spring brings gradually increasing temperatures, with average highs ranging from 28°C (82°F) in March to 35°C (95°F) in May. Precipitation is still infrequent, but the humidity starts to rise slightly.

Summer (June-August): Summer is the hottest and driest season in Sanghar. Average highs soar to 40°C (104°F) or higher, with little to no rainfall. Heatwaves are common, and temperatures can occasionally exceed 45°C (113°F).

Autumn (September-November): As the monsoon season ends, temperatures gradually decrease. Average highs range from 34°C (93°F) in September to 27°C (81°F) in November. Precipitation becomes more regular, but still remains below average.

Winter (December-February): Winter is mild in Sanghar, with average highs ranging from 22°C (72°F) to 17°C (63°F) and average lows dropping to around 10°C (50°F). Fog and light frost can occur in the early morning hours, but snow is extremely rare.

Seasonal Variations

Sanghar experiences significant seasonal variations in temperature. During the summer months (April-September), the average temperature ranges from 30 to 45 degrees Celsius (86 to 113 degrees Fahrenheit). The hottest months are June and July, with temperatures often exceeding 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). In contrast, winters (November-February) are mild, with average temperatures hovering between 10 and 20 degrees Celsius (50 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit). January is typically the coldest month, with average temperatures around 12 degrees Celsius (53 degrees Fahrenheit).

Diurnal Variations

Diurnal temperature variations are also pronounced in Sanghar. During the summer, the temperature can rise to extreme levels during the day but drop significantly at night. This wide range of diurnal variation is due to the region’s arid climate and lack of vegetation, which allows the heat to accumulate during the day and dissipate rapidly at night. In contrast, during the winter, diurnal temperature variations are less extreme, with temperatures remaining relatively stable throughout the day.

Cloud Cover and Types

Sanghar, Pakistan, experiences varying cloud cover conditions throughout the year. During the summer months (April-September), the sky is often partly cloudy to cloudy due to the influence of the monsoon season. Clouds associated with the monsoon are typically cumulonimbus, characterized by their anvil-shaped tops and the potential for heavy rainfall. In contrast, during the winter months (November-March), the skies are generally clear or partly cloudy, as the monsoon influence diminishes. Stratus and cirrus clouds are commonly observed during this time.

Impact on Weather and Climate

Cloud cover has a significant impact on the weather conditions in Sanghar. Thick cloud cover can block sunlight, resulting in cooler temperatures and reduced visibility. Additionally, clouds can lead to increased humidity and precipitation. During the monsoon season, heavy rainfall associated with cumulonimbus clouds can cause flooding and disrupt daily life. Conversely, clear skies allow for more sunshine, leading to warmer temperatures and better visibility. The presence of clouds also influences the region’s climate. Cloud cover can affect the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, influencing temperature patterns. Furthermore, clouds can trap heat, contributing to the overall warmth of the region during the summer months.

Rainfall Patterns

Sanghar district in Pakistan experiences significant seasonal variations in precipitation. During the monsoon season (July-September), the region receives heavy rainfall, accounting for a substantial portion of its annual precipitation. The average annual rainfall in Sanghar ranges from 150 to 250 millimeters, with higher amounts in the southern parts of the district. The monsoon rains play a vital role in agriculture, supporting the cultivation of crops such as cotton, wheat, and rice. However, excessive rainfall during the monsoon season can also lead to flooding, causing damage to crops, infrastructure, and livelihoods.

Drought Conditions

Outside of the monsoon season, Sanghar is prone to drought conditions, particularly during the winter and spring months (October-May). During these periods, rainfall is scarce, and temperatures can soar, resulting in dry spells that can last for several weeks or even months. Drought conditions can have severe consequences for agriculture, livestock, and human populations. Water shortages can lead to crop failures, reduced grazing land, and limited access to clean drinking water. Mitigation efforts, such as water conservation practices, drought-tolerant crops, and early warning systems, are crucial for managing the effects of drought in Sanghar.

Rainfall Patterns and Variability

Sanghar, situated in the Sindh province of Pakistan, experiences rainfall patterns that vary significantly. The area generally receives a low annual rainfall, hovering around 150 to 250 millimeters. Rainfall is highly seasonal, with the majority occurring during the monsoon season from July to September. During this period, heavy and intense precipitation often results in flooding in low-lying areas. In other months, Sanghar experiences a dry and arid climate with limited rainfall.

Climate Change Impacts

Climate change is influencing rainfall patterns in Sanghar. Rising global temperatures have intensified the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events. This leads to increased incidents of flooding, which can have devastating impacts on infrastructure, agriculture, and human settlements. At the same time, droughts are becoming more prevalent, exacerbating water scarcity and threatening livelihoods. The changing rainfall patterns pose significant challenges for the local population and highlight the need for adaptation strategies and climate-resilient infrastructure.

Unprecedented Snowfall Blankets Sanghar, Pakistan

On January 2, 2023, the unlikely city of Sanghar, located in the southeastern province of Sindh, Pakistan, witnessed an unprecedented snowfall. The city, known for its arid climate with average annual rainfall of less than 100 millimeters, was transformed into a winter wonderland as a thick layer of snow blanketed the streets, houses, and fields. This extraordinary weather phenomenon sent shockwaves throughout the country, as residents and meteorologists alike were astounded by this rare occurrence.

Impact and Aftermath

The snowfall in Sanghar brought both joy and challenges to the local population. While children marveled at the opportunity to build snowmen and engage in snowball fights, farmers expressed concerns over the potential damage to crops. The snow also disrupted transportation and power supply, leaving many roads impassable and causing power outages throughout the city. Authorities were quick to mobilize resources to clear the roads, provide shelter for the homeless, and assist farmers in coping with the aftermath of the snowfall. The Pakistani government dispatched teams to provide aid to the affected areas, ensuring that essential supplies and services were promptly restored.

Climate and Sunlight in Sanghar

Sanghar, located in the southeastern province of Sindh, Pakistan, experiences a subtropical climate with hot and humid summers and mild winters. The sun is abundant throughout the year, with an average of 8-10 hours of direct sunlight every day. During the summer months (April to September), the temperature can soar to 40°C (104°F), creating a hot and dry climate. However, the intense heat is tempered by prevailing monsoon winds that bring moisture and occasional rainfall.

Impact on Agriculture

The abundant sunshine in Sanghar plays a vital role in the agricultural sector, which is the primary source of livelihood for most residents. The fertile soil and ample water resources, combined with the favorable sunlight conditions, allow for a wide range of crops to be cultivated. Major crops grown in the region include rice, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, and vegetables. The availability of sunlight promotes crop growth, ripening, and yield, contributing significantly to the local economy and ensuring food security for the population. However, prolonged exposure to intense sunlight can also pose challenges, such as heat stress for both crops and farmers.

Appearance and Visibility

The moon’s appearance in Sanghar, Pakistan, is influenced by its orbital position relative to the Earth and Sun. During new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth because it lies between Earth and Sun, and its sunlit side is facing away from Earth. As the moon progresses through its orbit, the amount of illuminated surface visible from Earth increases, resulting in the crescent, half-moon, and full moon phases.

Cultural and Religious Significance

The moon holds significant cultural and religious importance in Sanghar, Pakistan. The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, and the start of each month is marked by the first sighting of the new moon. Religious festivals and ceremonies are often scheduled to coincide with specific moon phases. For example, the month of Ramadan, during which Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset, begins and ends with the sighting of the crescent moon. The moon is also a symbol of hope and renewal in traditional Pakistani folklore and poetry.

Seasonal Fluctuations in Humidity

Sanghar, Pakistan experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity levels. During the monsoon season, from July to September, humidity levels soar, often exceeding 80%. The air becomes heavy and oppressive, creating an uncomfortable and humid environment. This high humidity is attributed to the influx of moisture-laden winds from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.

Impact on Daily Life and Health

The high humidity in Sanghar can have notable impacts on daily life and health. It can lead to discomfort and heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke. The moisture in the air makes it difficult for the body to regulate its temperature through sweating, leading to overheating. Additionally, high humidity can worsen respiratory conditions, such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, by exacerbating inflammation and irritation in the airways.

Wind Patterns

The wind in Sanghar, Pakistan, is primarily influenced by two monsoon wind systems: the Southwest Monsoon and the Northeast Monsoon. During the Southwest Monsoon season (June-September), moist and humid winds from the Arabian Sea bring heavy rainfall and strong winds to Sanghar. These winds blow from the southwest direction and can reach speeds of up to 50 kilometers per hour (31 miles per hour). Conversely, during the Northeast Monsoon season (November-March), the region experiences dry and cool winds from the northeast. These winds bring relatively less rainfall and are generally lighter in intensity, reaching speeds of around 20 kilometers per hour (12 miles per hour).

Impact on Agriculture and Infrastructure

The strong winds during the Southwest Monsoon season can significantly impact agriculture in Sanghar. High wind speeds can cause damage to crops, particularly tall crops such as sugarcane and cotton. The winds can uproot plants, break branches, and spread diseases. Additionally, the heavy rainfall associated with the Southwest Monsoon can lead to waterlogging and flooding, which can also damage crops and infrastructure. During the Northeast Monsoon season, the drier winds and reduced rainfall provide more favorable conditions for agriculture. However, the winds can still cause wind erosion, particularly in areas with loose soils. Furthermore, the winds can spread dust and particulate matter, which can affect air quality and visibility.

Best Time to Visit Sanghar

The best time to visit Sanghar is during the cooler months from October to March. During this time, the weather is pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. The skies are mostly clear, and there is less humidity. This makes it an ideal time to explore the city’s many attractions, such as the Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, the largest Sufi shrine in Pakistan. Visitors can also enjoy the city’s many parks and gardens, which are at their best during this time of year.

While the cooler months are generally the best time to visit Sanghar, the city also has its charms during the hotter months from April to September. During this time, the temperatures can reach up to 40 degrees Celsius, and the humidity is high. However, the city is less crowded during this time, and visitors can often find good deals on hotels and other accommodations. Additionally, the city’s many water parks and swimming pools provide a welcome respite from the heat.

Potential and Benefits:

The district of Sanghar, Pakistan, boasts immense potential for solar energy utilization. The region experiences abundant sunshine throughout the year, with approximately 6-7 peak sunshine hours per day. This ample solar insolation makes the district an ideal location for deploying solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, which can harness the sun’s energy and convert it into electricity. By exploiting this solar resource, Sanghar can reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, enhance energy security, and promote sustainable energy practices.

Government Initiatives and Challenges:

The Government of Pakistan recognizes the significance of solar energy development in Sanghar and has implemented several initiatives to support its growth. The Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) has established a regulatory framework and provides financial incentives to encourage investment in solar PV projects. However, the district faces challenges, including a lack of technical expertise in solar energy technologies, limited financial resources, and inadequate grid infrastructure for integrating large-scale solar power. To overcome these barriers, collaboration between government agencies, private sector companies, and international organizations is crucial for promoting the adoption of solar energy in Sanghar and harnessing its full potential.

Topography of Sanghar District

Sanghar district in Sindh, Pakistan, is characterized by a diverse topography that includes a mix of flat plains, sand dunes, and low-lying hills. The southern part of the district consists of a vast alluvial plain, formed by the deposition of sediments carried by the Indus River. This plain is generally flat and featureless, with occasional sand dunes and salt marshes.

The northern part of Sanghar district is dominated by the Thar Desert, a vast expanse of sand dunes that extend into India. The Thar Desert is characterized by a dry and arid climate, with sparse vegetation and limited water resources. The dunes are constantly shifting, creating a dynamic and ever-changing landscape. In the northwest corner of the district, there is a range of low-lying hills that form the boundary with the neighboring district of Tharparkar.

Nawabshah Airport (WNS)

Nawabshah Airport (IATA: WNS, ICAO: OPNH) is the nearest airport to Sanghar, Pakistan. It is located approximately 31 kilometers (19 miles) northeast of Sanghar city center and serves the surrounding region. The airport has a single runway, designated 05/23, with a length of 1,524 meters (5,000 feet). It is primarily used for domestic flights and serves as a hub for budget airlines operating in Pakistan. The airport offers regular flights to major cities such as Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad, providing convenient air connectivity to the region.

Other Nearby Airports

While Nawabshah Airport is the closest to Sanghar, there are other airports within a reasonable driving distance that offer a wider range of flight options.

• Hyderabad Airport (HDD): Located approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) southwest of Sanghar, Hyderabad Airport offers connections to several domestic and international destinations. It is a larger airport with a longer runway, enabling it to accommodate larger aircraft and a wider range of airlines.

• Sukkur Airport (SKZ): Situated approximately 95 kilometers (59 miles) northwest of Sanghar, Sukkur Airport provides flights to various destinations within Pakistan. It is a smaller airport with limited flight frequency compared to Nawabshah or Hyderabad airports.

Geography and Demographics

Sanghar, situated in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, is a historically and culturally rich district. With an area of approximately 10,761 square kilometers, it is a predominantly rural region known for its fertile lands and agricultural activities. The district is home to a diverse population, comprising various ethnic groups such as Sindhis, Balochs, and Punjabis. The population of Sanghar has steadily grown over the years, with the latest census estimates indicating a population of around 2.4 million. The district is divided into seven talukas, each with its own distinct administrative and geographical characteristics.

Economy and Culture

The economy of Sanghar is primarily based on agriculture, with the cultivation of sugarcane, wheat, and cotton being the main sources of income for the majority of the population. The district is also home to several small-scale industries, including textile, leather, and handicrafts. Sanghar has a rich cultural heritage, deeply rooted in Sindhi traditions. The district is known for its traditional music, dance, and handicrafts, which reflect the unique cultural identity of the region. The district is also home to several historical sites, including the ancient city of Sehwan, which is considered a sacred pilgrimage site for Hindus.