San Salvador Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – El Salvador

Climate of San Salvador, El Salvador

San Salvador has a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically lasts from May to October, with heavy rainfall from June to August. During this season, the average temperature ranges from 25 to 29 degrees Celsius (77 to 84 degrees Fahrenheit), with humidity levels rising. The dry season lasts from November to April, with minimal rainfall. The average temperature during this time is slightly lower, around 22 to 28 degrees Celsius (72 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity levels are also lower during the dry season, making it a more comfortable time to visit the city.

Average Weather Year Round in San Salvador, El Salvador

January: Average temperature of 24°C (75°F), with occasional showers.
February: Average temperature of 25°C (77°F), with more frequent showers.
March: Average temperature of 26°C (79°F), with the onset of the dry season.
April: Average temperature of 27°C (81°F), with continued dry weather.
May: Average temperature of 28°C (82°F), with the start of the rainy season.
June: Average temperature of 28°C (82°F), with heavy rainfall.
July: Average temperature of 27°C (81°F), with continued heavy rainfall.
August: Average temperature of 27°C (81°F), with slightly lighter rainfall.
September: Average temperature of 26°C (79°F), with the gradual end of the rainy season.
October: Average temperature of 25°C (77°F), with occasional showers transitioning to the dry season.
November: Average temperature of 24°C (75°F), with dry weather and low humidity.
December: Average temperature of 24°C (75°F), with the continuation of dry weather.

Monthly Temperature Variations

San Salvador, the vibrant capital of El Salvador, experiences distinct seasonal temperature variations. Throughout the year, the average temperature remains relatively stable, ranging between 20°C (68°F) in the cooler months of December to January and 30°C (86°F) during the warmer months of March to April. The city enjoys a predominantly tropical climate characterized by warm and humid conditions.

Seasonal Patterns

The temperature fluctuations follow predictable seasonal patterns. During the dry season, which typically extends from November to April, the weather is generally warm and dry, with average temperatures hovering around 25°C (77°F). The rainy season, which lasts from May to October, brings higher levels of precipitation and slightly cooler temperatures, with averages falling to around 22°C (72°F). The city typically experiences minimal temperature extremes, maintaining a comfortable climate year-round.

Cloud Patterns and Types

San Salvador experiences a variety of cloud types, including cumulus, cirrus, and stratus clouds. Cumulus clouds are characterized by their puffy, piled appearance, while cirrus clouds are thin, wispy, and high in the sky. Stratus clouds are flat and featureless, often covering the entire sky and creating an overcast appearance. These cloud patterns are influenced by the city’s tropical climate, which brings warm and moist air, creating favorable conditions for cloud formation.

Role in Weather and Climate

Clouds play a significant role in San Salvador’s weather and climate. They provide shade and protection from the intense sunlight, preventing excessive temperatures. Clouds also trap heat and moisture, contributing to the city’s warm and humid climate. Furthermore, clouds can produce precipitation, with cumulus clouds often bringing showers, while stratus clouds can lead to drizzle or light rain. The presence and type of clouds can indicate changes in the weather, helping forecasters predict upcoming conditions.

Rainfall Patterns

San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador, experiences a tropical wet and dry climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically spans from May to October, bringing abundant rainfall to the city. During this period, heavy thunderstorms are common, often lasting for several hours and resulting in significant precipitation. The dry season, on the other hand, extends from November to April and is marked by relatively low rainfall. Although precipitation is less frequent during this time, occasional showers or drizzle may still occur.

Seasonal Variations

The monthly distribution of precipitation in San Salvador varies considerably throughout the year. The wettest months are June and September, with average rainfall exceeding 250 millimeters (10 inches) each. Conversely, the driest months are December and January, when rainfall typically drops below 20 millimeters (0.8 inches). The rainy season accounts for approximately 80% of the city’s annual precipitation, while the dry season contributes the remaining 20%. This seasonal variation in rainfall strongly influences the local vegetation, agriculture, and water resources.

Average Rainfall Patterns

San Salvador experiences a distinct pattern of rainfall throughout the year, characterized by a wet and dry season. The wet season typically spans from May to October, with peak rainfall occurring in September and October. During this period, the city is prone to heavy downpours and substantial rainfall, which can lead to flooding and other weather-related hazards. In contrast, the dry season extends from November to April, with minimal precipitation and generally clear and sunny conditions.

Seasonal Variability and Extreme Events

The amount and distribution of rainfall in San Salvador can vary significantly from year to year. Interannual variability is influenced by both long-term climate patterns and short-term weather events. For instance, during El Niño years, rainfall tends to be below average, while La Niña years often bring increased precipitation. Additionally, the city is exposed to hurricanes and tropical storms, which can contribute to heavy rainfall and flooding. These extreme events can have devastating consequences for infrastructure, agriculture, and human populations.

Occurrence of Snowfall in San Salvador, El Salvador

Snowfall in San Salvador, El Salvador, is an extremely rare occurrence. The city is located in a tropical climate zone, characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. The average temperature in San Salvador ranges from 21 to 27 degrees Celsius (70 to 81 degrees Fahrenheit), with negligible temperature fluctuations throughout the year. The city is situated at an elevation of approximately 650 meters (2,133 feet) above sea level, which does not contribute significantly to lowering temperatures to the freezing point.

Despite its tropical climate, there have been a few exceptional instances of snowfall in San Salvador. The most notable event occurred on January 28, 1913, when a cold front brought unusually low temperatures to the city. Eyewitness accounts and historical records indicate that snow fell for a brief period, covering the streets and rooftops with a thin layer. This occurrence is believed to be the only recorded instance of snowfall in San Salvador’s history.

Average Yearly Sunshine in San Salvador

San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador, enjoys an abundance of sunshine throughout the year. The city experiences an average of 2,800 hours of sunshine annually, equivalent to approximately 7.7 hours of sunshine per day. This high level of sunshine is attributed to the city’s location in the tropics, which results in minimal cloud cover and longer daylight hours.

Seasonal Variations in Sunshine

While San Salvador receives ample sunshine throughout the year, there are slight seasonal variations. The wet season, which runs from May to October, typically brings more overcast days and reduced sunshine hours. During this period, the city may experience heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, and occasionally tropical storms or hurricanes. Conversely, the dry season, which spans from November to April, is characterized by fewer clouds, resulting in more hours of sunshine. During these months, San Salvador’s skies are often clear and bright, with temperatures remaining warm and pleasant.

Moon Phases and Moonrise/Moonset Times in San Salvador

The moon’s phases and moonrise and moonset times in San Salvador vary throughout the month. During the full moon phase, the moon rises around sunset and sets around sunrise, providing ample moonlight for nighttime activities. Conversely, during the new moon phase, the moon is not visible in the night sky. Between these extreme phases, the moon rises and sets at varying times, gradually transitioning from a crescent to a gibbous phase and back again. To determine the specific moonrise and moonset times for each day, one can consult astronomical calendars or online resources.

Impact of Moon Phases on San Salvador

The different phases of the moon have various cultural and practical implications in San Salvador. During the full moon, locals often gather for outdoor gatherings, celebrations, and religious ceremonies. The bright moonlight provides illumination for these events and enhances the festive atmosphere. Farmers and fishermen also rely on the moon phases to guide their activities. For example, planting crops during the full moon is believed to promote fertility and growth, while fishing during the new moon is said to yield better catches. Additionally, the moon’s phases influence the tides in the nearby Pacific Ocean, impacting coastal activities and marine life.

Seasonal Humidity Patterns

San Salvador exhibits distinct seasonal humidity patterns influenced by the tropical climate. During the wet season, which spans from May to October, humidity levels soar, typically exceeding 70%. The influx of moisture-laden air from the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean fuels frequent rainfall, resulting in high levels of atmospheric humidity. In the dry season, from November to April, humidity levels drop considerably, often hovering around 50-60%. Less rainfall and drier air masses from the north contribute to the lower humidity during this period.

Implications for Health and Comfort

High humidity can have significant implications for human health and comfort. Extended exposure to elevated humidity levels can lead to heat stress, fatigue, and respiratory discomfort. The air’s ability to absorb moisture decreases as humidity rises, hindering the body’s natural cooling process through evaporation. Consequently, individuals may feel hotter and experience increased sweating. For those with respiratory conditions, such as asthma or allergies, high humidity can exacerbate symptoms and trigger respiratory distress. To mitigate the effects of high humidity, it is important to stay hydrated, wear loose-fitting clothing, and use air conditioning or fans when possible.

Wind Patterns

San Salvador, El Salvador, experiences distinct wind patterns throughout the year. During the dry season from November to April, northeasterly trade winds prevail, bringing warm and dry air from the Caribbean Sea. These winds typically reach speeds between 10-20 mph and provide a refreshing breeze. During the wet season from May to October, the wind direction shifts to the southwest, bringing moisture from the Pacific Ocean. These winds tend to be more variable in speed and direction, ranging from gentle breezes to occasional strong gusts.

Extreme Wind Events

While San Salvador generally experiences moderate wind speeds, it is susceptible to occasional extreme wind events. Tropical cyclones, which form over warm ocean waters, can bring high winds and heavy rainfall to the region. Hurricanes and tropical storms can cause significant damage to infrastructure, homes, and businesses. In recent years, the city has been affected by several tropical cyclones, including Hurricane Stan in 2005 and Hurricane Ida in 2009. These storms caused widespread flooding, landslides, and power outages. In addition, San Salvador can also experience strong wind gusts associated with thunderstorms, which can occasionally down trees and power lines.

Dry Season: November-April

The dry season is characterized by warm and sunny weather, making it an ideal time to explore San Salvador. The average temperature hovers between 70-90°F (21-32°C), providing comfortable conditions for outdoor activities. With little rainfall, you can enjoy the vibrant street life, visit historical landmarks, and hike to nearby volcanoes without the worry of rain interruptions. The dry season is also a popular time for festivals and cultural events, such as the Christmas Eve Parade and the Flower Festival in February.

Wet Season: May-October

The wet season brings abundant rainfall to San Salvador, creating a lush and verdant landscape. Average temperatures remain warm, ranging from 75-85°F (24-29°C), but the humidity levels can be high, making it feel warmer. While rain showers are common during this season, they typically occur in short bursts and provide a refreshing respite from the heat. The wet season offers opportunities to witness the city’s stunning natural beauty, including its tropical forests, waterfalls, and rivers. Additionally, the rain brings a surge of colorful flowers and lush vegetation to life.

Challenges and Opportunities

San Salvador, El Salvador, has significant potential for solar energy development due to its abundant sunlight. However, the city faces challenges in integrating solar energy into its energy mix. The electricity grid is primarily powered by fossil fuels, and there is limited infrastructure to support distributed solar systems. Additionally, the high cost of solar panels and installation poses a financial barrier for many households and businesses.

Government Initiatives

The Salvadoran government has recognized the importance of solar energy and has implemented policies to promote its adoption. In 2016, the government passed a Law for the Development and Promotion of Renewable Energy, which provides incentives for solar energy projects. The government has also partnered with international organizations to provide funding and technical assistance for solar energy initiatives. These efforts aim to increase the share of solar energy in the country’s energy mix, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and mitigate climate change.

Volcanic Ridges and Summits

San Salvador is characterized by a complex topography shaped by volcanic activity. The city lies within a volcanic rift zone and is surrounded by towering volcanic ridges and summits. These volcanic features include Mount San Salvador, an extinct stratovolcano that stands at 1,893 meters (6,211 feet) above sea level and offers panoramic views of the city and its surroundings. The surrounding ridges, such as Cerro de las Pavas and Cerro el Carmen, form a rugged landscape that dominates the skyline of San Salvador.

Valleys and Ravines

Interspersed between the volcanic ridges are numerous valleys and ravines. These depressions have been formed by erosion and volcanic activity. The Acelhuate River, a major waterway in San Salvador, has carved a deep gorge through the city, creating a dramatic landscape. The valley floors are often flat and fertile, providing valuable agricultural land for the surrounding communities. However, the steep slopes of the valleys and ravines can pose challenges for urban development and infrastructure. The city has implemented measures, such as terracing and retaining walls, to mitigate the risks associated with landslides and erosion in these areas.

Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport (SAL)

Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport (SAL), formerly known as El Salvador International Airport, is the primary airport serving San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador. It is located approximately 40 kilometers southeast of the city center, in the municipality of San Luis Talpa. The airport is named after Óscar Arnulfo Romero, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of San Salvador who was assassinated in 1980.

SAL is the busiest airport in Central America, with over 3 million passengers passing through its gates each year. It is a hub for Avianca El Salvador, the national airline, and Copa Airlines, the flag carrier of Panama. The airport has two terminals, Terminal A and Terminal B, which are connected by a shuttle bus. Terminal A is used for domestic flights, while Terminal B is used for international flights. SAL offers a wide range of facilities and services, including duty-free shops, restaurants, and a business center.

Getting to and from the Airport

There are several ways to get to and from SAL. The most convenient way is by taxi, which can be hailed at the airport or arranged in advance. The fare to the city center is approximately $30. There is also a bus service that runs from the airport to the city center, with fares starting at $1.50. Additionally, Uber and other ride-sharing services are available at SAL.

History and Culture:

San Salvador, the capital and largest city of El Salvador, boasts a rich history dating back to the pre-Columbian era. It was founded in 1525 by Spanish conquistadors and served as the capital of the Captaincy General of Guatemala until 1821. The city played a pivotal role in El Salvador’s independence movement and has witnessed numerous historical events, including the 1932 peasant uprising and the 1980-1992 civil war. San Salvador’s cultural heritage is a blend of indigenous, Spanish, and modern influences, reflected in its architecture, cuisine, and vibrant arts scene. The city is home to several museums, theaters, and cultural centers, offering a glimpse into its diverse past and contemporary identity.

Modern City and Infrastructure:

Today, San Salvador is a bustling metropolis with a population of over 2 million people. The city has undergone rapid modernization in recent decades, boasting modern infrastructure, high-rise buildings, and a vibrant commercial district. It is a major economic hub for El Salvador and Central America, with a strong presence of financial institutions, businesses, and international organizations. San Salvador is also a major transportation center, with an international airport connecting it to major cities around the world. The city’s modern infrastructure and services provide a comfortable and convenient living environment for its residents and visitors alike.