San Pedro Sula Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Honduras

Summer Season (May to October)

San Pedro Sula experiences a tropical savanna climate, characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. The summer season, typically lasting from May to October, brings hot and humid conditions. Temperatures average around 32°C (90°F), with high humidity levels that can reach up to 90%. This season receives the highest rainfall, with frequent thunderstorms and occasionally intense downpours. While the rain provides some respite from the heat, it can also lead to temporary flooding in low-lying areas.

Winter Season (November to April)

In contrast to the summer, the winter season from November to April is relatively dry and mild. Temperatures drop to an average of 27°C (81°F), and humidity levels decrease significantly. Rainfall is scarce during this time, with occasional light showers or dry spells. The clear skies and pleasant temperatures make this an ideal time to explore the outdoors and engage in outdoor activities. However, cold fronts from the north can occasionally bring brief periods of cooler and windier weather.

Average Temperature Throughout the Year

San Pedro Sula, Honduras experiences a tropical climate with warm temperatures year-round. The average temperature remains relatively constant throughout the year, with little variation between months. The average monthly temperature ranges from 25.6°C (78.1°F) in January, the coolest month, to 28.3°C (82.9°F) in May, the warmest month. Overall, the city enjoys warm and pleasant weather, with minimal temperature fluctuations.

Seasonal Temperature Variations

While the average temperature remains consistent, San Pedro Sula does experience some seasonal temperature variation. The city has a distinct wet and dry season, with the wet season typically extending from May to October. During the wet season, the average temperature is slightly higher, with more frequent rainfall that can lead to higher humidity levels. The dry season, from November to April, brings slightly lower temperatures and less rainfall, creating a more comfortable climate for outdoor activities. Despite these seasonal variations, San Pedro Sula remains a warm destination throughout the year.

Climate Overview

San Pedro Sula is located in northwestern Honduras, in the Ulúa Valley. The city has a tropical savanna climate, with warm temperatures year-round. The average temperature in January, the coldest month, is 21°C (70°F), while the average temperature in July, the warmest month, is 28°C (82°F). The city receives an average of 1,100 mm (43 in) of rainfall per year, with most of the rain falling during the wet season, which runs from May to October.

Cloud Cover

The amount of cloud cover in San Pedro Sula varies throughout the year. During the dry season, from November to April, the sky is typically clear. However, during the wet season, from May to October, the sky is often overcast, with heavy rainfall. The average cloud cover during the dry season is 20%, while the average cloud cover during the wet season is 70%.

Types of Clouds

The most common types of clouds in San Pedro Sula are cirrus clouds, cumulus clouds, and stratus clouds. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds that are composed of ice crystals. Cumulus clouds are puffy clouds that look like cotton balls. Stratus clouds are flat, gray clouds that often cover the entire sky.

Annual Precipitation

San Pedro Sula, Honduras, experiences a tropical monsoon climate with ample rainfall throughout the year. The annual precipitation in the city is approximately 2,000 millimeters (79 inches). The rainfall distribution is characterized by two distinct seasons: a wet season and a dry season. The wet season occurs from May to November and accounts for the majority of the annual precipitation. During this period, heavy rainfall is common, and the city can experience torrential downpours and thunderstorms. The dry season spans from December to April, with significantly less rainfall. However, even during this season, San Pedro Sula can experience occasional rainfall, particularly in the form of light showers.

Seasonality of Precipitation

The wet season in San Pedro Sula is characterized by frequent and heavy rainfall. The months of June through October are the wettest, with an average monthly precipitation exceeding 300 millimeters (12 inches). During this period, the city can experience extended periods of rainfall, often lasting several days. The dry season, in contrast, is relatively dry, with monthly precipitation typically below 100 millimeters (4 inches). The months of January and February are the driest, with an average monthly precipitation of around 50 millimeters (2 inches). The seasonality of precipitation in San Pedro Sula is influenced by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a low-pressure system that brings heavy rainfall to tropical regions. When the ITCZ is positioned over Honduras, San Pedro Sula experiences the wet season. When the ITCZ moves away, the city enters the dry season.

Rainfall Patterns and Variability

San Pedro Sula, Honduras exhibits a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically spans from May to October, contributing to the majority of the annual rainfall. During this period, the city experiences frequent heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, and tropical cyclones. The dry season, on the other hand, lasts from November to April and is characterized by generally dry conditions with minimal rainfall.

The average annual rainfall in San Pedro Sula ranges between 1,500 and 1,800 millimeters (59-71 inches). However, rainfall can vary significantly from year to year, depending on factors such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other climate patterns. During El Niño years, the city tends to experience drought conditions with reduced rainfall, while La Niña events often lead to increased rainfall and flooding.

Impact on Infrastructure and Water Resources

The heavy rainfall during the wet season poses challenges to San Pedro Sula’s infrastructure. The city has a history of flooding, which can damage roads, buildings, and drainage systems. In addition, the high rainfall levels can also strain the city’s water resources, leading to shortages and reduced water quality.

To mitigate the impact of heavy rainfall, the city has implemented various measures, including the construction of flood control systems, drainage channels, and reservoirs. These measures aim to manage excess water and prevent flooding. However, ongoing urbanization and population growth in the city continue to put pressure on water resources and infrastructure, making it crucial to prioritize sustainable water management practices.

Historical Absence of Snowfall

Throughout its recorded history, the city of San Pedro Sula, Honduras, has never experienced snowfall. The city’s geographical location within the tropics and proximity to the coast create a warm and humid climate that inhibits the formation of snow. Temperatures in San Pedro Sula typically range from 25°C (77°F) to 30°C (86°F) throughout the year, with no significant seasonal variations.

Factors Preventing Snowfall

Several factors contribute to the lack of snowfall in San Pedro Sula. Firstly, the city is situated at a low elevation of approximately 50 meters (164 feet) above sea level, which prevents the accumulation of cold air necessary for snow formation. Secondly, San Pedro Sula is located within the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a region characterized by warm and moist air that ascends and cools, leading to rainfall but not snowfall. Finally, the city’s proximity to the Caribbean Sea moderates temperatures and prevents the formation of cold fronts that could bring snow.

Sun in San Pedro Sula, Honduras

San Pedro Sula, Honduras enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year, making it an ideal destination for those seeking warm and sunny weather. The city experiences an average of 2,900 sunshine hours annually, similar to other tropical locations in Central America. The sunniest months in San Pedro Sula are March and April, with an average of 10-11 hours of sunshine per day. Even during the rainy season, from May to October, the city receives significant sunshine, averaging 6-8 hours per day.

The combination of warm temperatures and abundant sunshine makes San Pedro Sula a popular destination for outdoor activities. Locals and visitors alike enjoy spending time in the city’s parks, such as Parque Central and Parque Las Palmas, soaking up the sun and enjoying the fresh air. Additionally, the city’s proximity to the Caribbean Sea offers opportunities for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports. Whether it’s a beach day or a stroll through the city center, San Pedro Sula’s sunny climate ensures a pleasant experience year-round.

Moon Phases in San Pedro Sula, Honduras

The moon’s phases are determined by its position relative to the Earth and the sun. As the moon orbits the Earth, it reflects sunlight back to us, creating the illusion that it is changing shape. The moon goes through four main phases: new moon, first quarter, full moon, and third quarter. In San Pedro Sula, Honduras, the moon’s phases can be observed throughout the year. The new moon is when the moon is between the Earth and the sun, and it appears as a thin crescent or not visible at all. The first quarter is when the moon is halfway between the new moon and the full moon, and it appears as a half-circle. The full moon is when the moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the sun, and it appears as a complete circle. The third quarter is when the moon is halfway between the full moon and the new moon, and it appears as a half-circle.

Moonrise and Moonset Times in San Pedro Sula, Honduras

The times of moonrise and moonset vary throughout the year in San Pedro Sula, Honduras. The moon rises and sets earlier in the evening during the summer months, and later in the evening during the winter months. The moon also rises and sets at different times depending on the phase of the moon. For example, the full moon rises and sets around the same time each day, while the new moon rises and sets at different times each day. You can use a moonrise and moonset calculator to find the exact times of moonrise and moonset for any given day in San Pedro Sula, Honduras.

Humidity in San Pedro Sula, Honduras

San Pedro Sula, Honduras, is characterized by a tropical climate with high humidity throughout the year. The average relative humidity ranges from around 65% to 85%, depending on the season. During the rainy season, which typically lasts from May to October, humidity levels tend to be higher, often reaching 90% or more. During the dry season, from November to April, humidity levels are slightly lower but still remain relatively high, typically around 65% to 75%.

The high humidity in San Pedro Sula can have various effects on the local climate. It can make the air feel significantly warmer than the actual temperature, leading to a feeling of discomfort and heat stress. Additionally, high humidity can promote the growth of mold and mildew, which can affect indoor air quality and cause respiratory problems for some individuals. To combat the effects of high humidity, many buildings in San Pedro Sula are equipped with air conditioning and dehumidifiers, which help to remove excess moisture from the air.

General Wind Patterns

San Pedro Sula, located in northwestern Honduras, experiences a tropical savanna climate characterized by warm temperatures year-round. The city is located in a region influenced by the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south, resulting in a distinct seasonal wind pattern. During the northern summer months (May-September), trade winds from the Caribbean Sea prevail, bringing moist air and potential for rainfall. These winds are generally consistent and easterly in direction.

During the northern winter months (October-April), the prevailing wind direction shifts to northerly as the flow from the Pacific Ocean becomes dominant. These winds are often associated with drier conditions and cooler temperatures. The northern winds can also bring occasional cold fronts that can result in rainfall and brief periods of cooler weather.

Best Time to Visit San Pedro Sula for Weather and Comfort

San Pedro Sula, Honduras, generally experiences two seasons: a wet season from May to October and a dry season from November to April. During the wet season, visitors can expect frequent rainfall, particularly in the afternoon and evening. The city receives an average of 65 inches of rain per year. Temperatures during this period generally range from the mid-70s to the low 80s Fahrenheit (mid-20s to low 30s Celsius). The dry season is characterized by less frequent rainfall and slightly cooler temperatures, with an average range of 60-75°F (16-24°C).

Best Time to Visit San Pedro Sula for Activities and Festivals

While the weather in San Pedro Sula is generally pleasant throughout the year, consider visiting during certain months for specific activities and festivals. For warm and sunny days ideal for exploring the city, opt for the dry season (November-April). During this time, you can enjoy outdoor activities such as visiting the Cerro Azul Meambar National Park, taking a boat trip on Lake Yojoa, or exploring the city’s museums and cultural attractions. If you’re interested in traditional festivals, plan your visit around the San Pedro Sula Carnival in February or the Independence Day celebrations in September.

Solar Energy Potential

San Pedro Sula, Honduras, boasts abundant solar energy potential due to its tropical location and high levels of sunshine throughout the year. The city receives an average of 5.5-6.5 peak sunlight hours per day, making it an ideal candidate for solar power generation. The government of Honduras has recognized this potential and has set ambitious targets for renewable energy, including a goal of generating 75% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2025.

Current Solar Projects

Several solar energy projects are already underway in San Pedro Sula. One notable project is the 10-megawatt (MW) solar plant developed by the Honduran company Energía Honduras (EH). The plant, located in the Villanueva municipality, became operational in 2020 and generates enough electricity to power approximately 20,000 homes. Additionally, several businesses and residential buildings in San Pedro Sula have installed solar panels to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. The growing popularity of solar energy in the city is driven by rising energy costs and the desire for a cleaner and more sustainable energy source.

Terrain Characteristics

San Pedro Sula, nestled amidst the Sula Valley, boasts a predominantly flat terrain. The city’s elevation ranges from approximately 50 meters (164 feet) above sea level in the eastern part to about 80 meters (262 feet) in the west. This flat and low-lying topography makes the city susceptible to flooding, particularly during heavy rainfall events.

Hydrographic Features

The Sula River, a tributary of the Ulúa River, meanders through the eastern edge of San Pedro Sula, playing a significant role in the city’s topography. The river’s floodplains and tributaries create a network of wetlands and marshes, providing a habitat for various aquatic plants and animals. Additionally, several smaller creeks and streams traverse the city, contributing to the local drainage system and influencing the overall topography.

Ramón Villeda Morales International Airport (SAP)

Ramón Villeda Morales International Airport (SAP), also known as La Mesa International Airport, is the primary airport serving the city of San Pedro Sula, Honduras. It is located approximately 11 kilometers (7 miles) southwest of the city center and is named after Ramón Villeda Morales, the 29th President of Honduras. SAP is the busiest airport in Honduras and serves as a major hub for the country’s domestic and international air traffic. The airport features a modern terminal with a capacity of up to 1.5 million passengers per year. It offers a wide range of services, including customs, immigration, duty-free shopping, restaurants, and car rental agencies. The airport is well-connected to San Pedro Sula and other cities in Honduras through a network of public transportation, including taxis, buses, and rental cars.

Additional Information

The airport has one main runway, designated as 06/24, which is approximately 2,440 meters (8,005 feet) long. It is capable of handling a wide range of aircraft, including commercial jets, cargo planes, and small private aircraft. The airport is also equipped with modern navigation and landing systems, ensuring safe and efficient operations. In addition, SAP has expanded its cargo terminal in recent years, making it a major hub for international trade. The airport is also a significant employer in the San Pedro Sula area, providing jobs for thousands of people.

History and Culture

San Pedro Sula, Honduras’ second-largest city, boasts a rich and diverse history. Founded in 1536 by Spanish conquistadors, the city has played a significant role in the country’s economic, political, and cultural development. San Pedro Sula is home to numerous historical landmarks, including the Cathedral of San Pedro Apóstol, a testament to the city’s colonial heritage. The city’s cultural scene is vibrant, with a flourishing art and music scene, as well as a diverse culinary landscape that showcases both traditional Honduran dishes and international cuisines.

Economic and Infrastructure

San Pedro Sula is the economic hub of northern Honduras. As the capital of the Cortés department, it serves as a major commercial and industrial center. The city is home to several manufacturing plants, processing industries, and financial institutions. The vibrant economy has led to significant infrastructure development, including a modern airport, international highway connections, and various shopping malls and entertainment complexes. The ongoing expansion of infrastructure reflects the city’s growing economic importance and its potential as a regional transportation and logistics hub.