San Juan Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Puerto Rico

Summer: Tropical Paradise

San Juan’s summers are a symphony of vibrant skies and warm embrace. From June to November, temperatures soar to an average of 90°F (32°C), offering a tropical paradise. The humidity levels hover around 75%, creating a balmy atmosphere that can be both invigorating and refreshing. However, the skies are often dotted with passing showers and occasional thunderstorms, providing respite from the heat. The sun shines brightly for an average of 7 hours per day, casting its golden rays upon the city’s beaches and historical landmarks.

Winter: Mild and Breezy

During the winter months, from December to May, San Juan experiences a milder climate. Temperatures fluctuate between 75°F (24°C) and 85°F (29°C), making it an ideal escape from the icy grips of northern winters. The humidity levels drop slightly, creating a more comfortable and breezy atmosphere. The skies are typically clear and blue, with occasional clouds passing through. Rainfall is minimal, ensuring plenty of sunshine for outdoor activities. The wind speeds tend to be slightly higher during this time of year, adding a refreshing touch to the mild temperatures.

Average Monthly Temperature

San Juan, Puerto Rico, experiences a tropical climate with consistent warm temperatures throughout the year. The average monthly temperature ranges from 25°C (77°F) in January to 28°C (82°F) in August. The city’s proximity to the ocean moderates the temperature, preventing extreme highs or lows.

Seasonal Variations

San Juan has two distinct seasons: a rainy season from May to November and a dry season from December to April. During the rainy season, temperatures are slightly cooler, with average highs around 27°C (81°F), and rainfall is more frequent. The dry season features warm and sunny weather, with average highs reaching 29°C (84°F). The trade winds provide a pleasant breeze, creating a comfortable ambiance during the hottest months.

Temperature Extremes

Extreme temperatures are rare in San Juan. The lowest temperature ever recorded was 16°C (61°F), while the highest was 35°C (95°F). The city’s location in the tropics ensures that temperatures remain within a relatively narrow range throughout the year, making it a popular destination for tourists and residents alike.

Climate Influences on Cloud Formation

San Juan, Puerto Rico’s tropical climate is characterized by high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. These conditions favor the formation of clouds. The trade winds, which blow consistently from the east, carry warm, moist air over the island. As the air rises, it cools and condenses, forming clouds. The trade winds also prevent the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere, resulting in relatively clear skies and visibility.

Cloud Types and Patterns

The most common cloud type observed in San Juan is the cumulus cloud. These white, puffy clouds typically form at low altitudes and are associated with fair weather. However, when cumulus clouds grow vertically and develop anvil-shaped tops, they can become thunderstorms. Other cloud types seen in San Juan include cirrus clouds, which are high, thin clouds made of ice crystals, and stratus clouds, which form a uniform, gray layer covering the sky. The presence and movement of these cloud types influence the amount of sunlight reaching the surface, affecting temperature and rainfall patterns.

Monthly Precipitation Trends

San Juan, Puerto Rico experiences a tropical monsoon climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The annual precipitation totals vary, averaging around 40 inches per year. The wet season typically spans from April to November, accounting for approximately 75% of the total rainfall. During this period, heavy and frequent showers are common, driven by the convergence of trade winds and the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In contrast, the dry season, from December to March, is characterized by less rainfall and more sunshine. December and January are typically the driest months, with average precipitation amounts below 2 inches.

Historical Extreme Precipitation Events

San Juan has experienced several notable extreme precipitation events throughout its history. One of the most significant events occurred in September 1928, when a tropical storm dropped over 25 inches of rain on the city in a 48-hour period. This excessive rainfall led to widespread flooding and damage, resulting in numerous fatalities and displacing thousands of residents. More recently, in September 2017, Hurricane Maria brought record-breaking levels of rainfall to San Juan, with some areas receiving over 40 inches of rain. The relentless downpour caused catastrophic flooding and landslides, devastating infrastructure and communities across the island.

Average Rainfall Patterns

Rainfall in San Juan, Puerto Rico, exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern, with two primary seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season typically spans from December to April and is characterized by relatively low precipitation levels. During this time, the average monthly rainfall hovers around 2-3 inches, resulting in a total seasonal average of approximately 12-15 inches.

In contrast, the rainy season extends from May to November, bringing a significant increase in precipitation. The most rainfall occurs during the peak hurricane season, which coincides with August and September. During these months, San Juan can receive an average of 6-7 inches of rain per month, leading to seasonal totals of up to 30-35 inches. The heavy downpours associated with hurricanes and tropical storms can contribute to localized flooding and infrastructure damage.

Historical Snowfall in San Juan, Puerto Rico

Snowfall is a rare occurrence in San Juan, Puerto Rico, a Caribbean island located in the tropics. However, on February 13, 1969, the city experienced a historic snowfall as part of Hurricane Lily. This storm brought cold air and moisture from the north, creating unusual atmospheric conditions that allowed snow to accumulate in San Juan. While the snow did not settle heavily, it was enough to cause widespread excitement and astonishment among the city’s residents.

Effects of Snowfall

The snowfall in San Juan had a significant impact on the city and its people. Schools and businesses were closed, and transportation was disrupted as roads became impassable due to the snow accumulation. Many residents took to the streets to witness the unusual spectacle, and snowball fights became a popular pastime. The snowfall also caused power outages and disruptions to daily life, as the city’s infrastructure was not prepared for such extreme weather conditions.

Climate and Sunshine

San Juan, Puerto Rico, enjoys a tropical rainforest climate, characterized by warm temperatures year-round. The city is located just north of the hurricane belt, resulting in relatively low hurricane risk compared to other Caribbean destinations. San Juan receives significant sunshine throughout the year, with an average of over 8 hours per day. The wet season typically runs from May to October, while the dry season encompasses the remaining months. Despite the rainfall, the sun often shines through the clouds, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and relaxation.

Sunbathing and Beach Activities

With its beautiful beaches and warm, crystal-clear waters, San Juan offers excellent sunbathing and beach activities. Popular beaches include Condado Beach, Isla Verde Beach, and Ocean Park Beach. These beaches provide ample space to spread out and soak up the sun, while the gentle waves and calm currents are ideal for swimming, paddleboarding, and kayaking. Visitors can also rent jet skis and sailboats for a thrilling experience on the water. Along the coast, a variety of beach bars and restaurants offer refreshments and snacks, allowing visitors to enjoy a full day under the sun.

Rising and Setting Times

The appearance of the moon in San Juan, Puerto Rico varies throughout the month. During full moon, the moon rises at sunset and sets at sunrise. As the moon progresses through its phases, it rises and sets at different times. For example, during a first quarter moon, the moon rises around noon and sets around midnight. The exact rising and setting times depend on the specific day of the month.

Moon Phases

As the moon orbits the Earth, it goes through different phases. These phases occur because only the side of the moon that faces the sun is illuminated. As the moon moves around the Earth, different amounts of its illuminated side are visible to us. The phases of the moon, in order from new moon to full moon, are: new moon, waxing crescent moon, first quarter moon, waxing gibbous moon, full moon, waning gibbous moon, third quarter moon, and waning crescent moon. The moon goes through a complete cycle of phases every 29.5 days.

Average Humidity Levels

San Juan, Puerto Rico, experiences high humidity levels throughout the year due to its tropical climate and proximity to the ocean. The average relative humidity ranges between 70% and 85%, creating a warm, muggy atmosphere. During the rainy season from May to November, humidity levels can spike even higher, reaching up to 90%. The high humidity can make physical activities uncomfortable and can contribute to feelings of fatigue and breathlessness, especially during hot weather.

Seasonal Variations

Humidity levels in San Juan fluctuate seasonally, with the driest months being January and February. During this period, the relative humidity typically hovers around 70%. As the rainy season approaches, humidity levels gradually increase, reaching their peak in August and September. These high humidity levels persist through the fall and winter months until the following dry season. The variations in humidity are caused by changes in the weather patterns and the amount of rainfall. In the rainy season, the frequent showers and thunderstorms contribute to higher humidity levels, while the drier months experience more sunshine and less precipitation, leading to lower humidity.

History of Wind in San Juan, Puerto Rico

San Juan, Puerto Rico has a long and complex history with wind. The city is located on the northeastern coast of the island, and as such, is often subjected to strong winds from the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, the city is home to a number of hills and valleys, which can create localized wind patterns. The combination of these factors has resulted in a number of notable wind events throughout San Juan’s history.

One of the most significant wind events in San Juan’s history was the San Felipe hurricane of 1876. This Category 4 hurricane struck the city on September 12, 1876, and caused widespread damage. The hurricane’s winds were so strong that they completely destroyed the city’s walls, which had been built to protect it from attack. The hurricane also caused a number of other structures to collapse, including the city’s cathedral. The San Felipe hurricane was one of the deadliest hurricanes in San Juan’s history, killing over 1,000 people.

Current Wind Conditions in San Juan, Puerto Rico

The current wind conditions in San Juan, Puerto Rico are influenced by a number of factors, including the city’s location, topography, and climate. The city is located on the northeastern coast of the island, and as such, is often subjected to strong winds from the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, the city is home to a number of hills and valleys, which can create localized wind patterns. The climate of San Juan is tropical, with warm temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. The combination of these factors results in a windy environment, with average wind speeds of around 15 miles per hour. The wind in San Juan is generally strongest during the summer months, when the trade winds are at their peak.

Best Time to Visit based on Climate

The best time to visit San Juan, Puerto Rico, is during the shoulder seasons, which run from April to May and September to October. During these months, the weather is warm and sunny, with average temperatures ranging from 75 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (24 to 29 degrees Celsius). The humidity is also lower during this time, making it more comfortable to explore the city. Additionally, the shoulder seasons tend to be less crowded than the peak season (December to March), so you’ll be able to enjoy the attractions without the throngs of tourists.

Best Time to Visit for Festivals and Events

If you’re looking to experience San Juan’s vibrant culture, the best time to visit is during one of its many festivals or events. The most popular festivals include the San Sebastian Street Festival in January, the Puerto Rico Salsa Congress in July, and the Fiestas de la Calle San Sebastián in January. These festivals feature live music, dancing, food, and cultural exhibits, giving you a taste of Puerto Rican traditions. Additionally, San Juan hosts several sporting events throughout the year, such as the Puerto Rico Open tennis tournament in February and the Puerto Rico Triathlon in October.

Potential of Solar Energy in San Juan

San Juan, the vibrant capital of Puerto Rico, possesses immense potential for solar energy. With year-round sunshine and clear skies, the city boasts an average of 5.2 kWh/m2/day of solar irradiance. This abundance of solar radiation makes San Juan an ideal location for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, which can convert sunlight directly into electricity. The vast rooftops and open spaces throughout the city further enhance the feasibility of large-scale solar installations.

Benefits of Solar Energy for San Juan

Harnessing solar energy offers numerous benefits for San Juan. First and foremost, it can significantly reduce the city’s reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to cleaner air and a healthier environment. Solar PV systems also provide long-term cost savings by reducing electricity bills for businesses, homes, and public institutions. Moreover, the development of solar projects can stimulate economic growth, create new jobs in the renewable energy sector, and boost the city’s energy independence.

Geography of San Juan

San Juan is the capital of Puerto Rico, an island in the Caribbean Sea. The city is located on the northeastern coast of the island and is surrounded by water on three sides. The city center is located on a peninsula that juts out into the Atlantic Ocean. The topography of San Juan is characterized by a series of hills and valleys, with the highest point being El Yunque, a mountain that rises to 3,484 feet above sea level. The city is also home to several rivers and streams, including the San Juan River, which flows through the city center. The city’s coastline is characterized by a series of sandy beaches, coves, and cliffs.

Climate of San Juan

San Juan has a tropical climate, with average temperatures ranging from 75 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit throughout the year. The city experiences a rainy season from May to November, during which time it receives an average of 50 inches of rain. The city is also prone to hurricanes, which can cause significant damage to the city’s infrastructure and economy.

Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU)

Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU) is the main airport serving San Juan, Puerto Rico, and is conveniently located just 5 miles (8 kilometers) from the city center. It is the busiest airport in the Caribbean, with over 40 airlines operating flights to destinations throughout the United States, Latin America, and Europe. The airport features three terminals: Terminals A, B, and C. Terminal A is the main international terminal, while Terminals B and C handle domestic flights. SJU offers a wide range of amenities, including duty-free shopping, restaurants, bars, and currency exchange. Ground transportation options from the airport include taxis, rental cars, and public buses.

Distance from San Juan: 5 miles (8 kilometers)
Number of terminals: 3
Airlines operating: Over 40
Destinations: United States, Latin America, and Europe
Amenities: Duty-free shopping, restaurants, bars, currency exchange

Historical Significance

San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, holds immense historical significance. Founded in 1521 by Spanish conquistadors, it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited European settlements in the Americas. The city’s historic district, known as Old San Juan, is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. It features cobblestone streets, colonial-era buildings, and imposing fortifications such as El Morro and San Cristóbal Castle. These remnants of Puerto Rico’s Spanish past serve as a testament to the city’s strategic importance and the lasting influence of its European heritage.

Cultural Vibrancy

San Juan is a vibrant cultural hub, renowned for its rich art, music, and cuisine. The city is home to numerous museums, art galleries, and performance spaces, showcasing a diverse range of local and international talent. The Museum of Art of Puerto Rico, known as MAPR, houses a significant collection of Puerto Rican art, while the Museo de las Américas focuses on pre-Columbian and indigenous artifacts. San Juan’s culinary scene is equally diverse, with traditional Puerto Rican dishes like mofongo and rice and beans alongside international flavors from all corners of the globe. The city comes alive at night, with lively salsa clubs, rooftop bars, and open-air markets offering endless opportunities for entertainment and cultural immersion.