Salalah Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Oman

Monsoon Season (June – September)

During the monsoon season in Salalah, the city experiences a dramatic transformation. The dry, arid landscape transforms into a verdant oasis, thanks to the arrival of the Khareef, or monsoon winds. The skies unleash heavy rainfall, up to 100 millimeters per day, resulting in lush greenery, blooming flowers, and cascading waterfalls. Average temperatures range from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, with a refreshing breeze providing respite from the humidity. The monsoon season is not only a spectacle for the eyes but also a cultural celebration, with traditional festivals and events held throughout the city.

Dry Season (October – May)

From October onwards, the monsoon season gives way to the dry season, characterized by hot and dry weather. Average temperatures range from 28 to 35 degrees Celsius, with little rainfall. The sky becomes clear, and the humidity levels drop, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and desert excursions. While the daytime temperatures can be high, the evenings offer a pleasant respite with cooler temperatures.

Annual Temperature Averages

Salalah, Oman, experiences a warm to hot climate year-round, with average temperatures ranging between 25-32°C (77-90°F) throughout the year. The hottest months are April and May, with average highs reaching 33°C (91°F) and lows of 28°C (82°F). The coolest months are January and February, with average highs of 26°C (79°F) and lows of 17°C (63°F).

Seasonal Temperature Variations

The average temperature in Salalah varies slightly throughout the year, with distinct seasons marked by fluctuations in humidity and rainfall. The summer months (June-August) are characterized by high temperatures and humidity, with average highs reaching 34°C (93°F) and lows of 29°C (84°F). During these months, the city is influenced by the southwest monsoon, which brings occasional showers and increased cloud cover.

The winter months (October-March) are generally mild and dry, with average temperatures ranging from 25-28°C (77-82°F). During this time, Salalah experiences its “khareef” season, a period of moderate rainfall and lush vegetation. The average humidity levels are also lower during these months, making the weather more comfortable.

Formation and Types of Clouds in Salalah, Oman

Salalah, located in southern Oman, experiences a unique cloud cover pattern influenced by its coastal location and the presence of the Indian Ocean. During the summer months, Salalah becomes enveloped in a thick blanket of low-lying stratus and stratocumulus clouds due to the moist air from the ocean rising and cooling as it meets the cooler land surface. These clouds can persist for days, creating a picturesque and ethereal atmosphere over the city. During the cooler winter months, the cloud cover generally thins, revealing clear skies and occasional wisps of cirrus clouds.

Role of Clouds in Salalah’s Weather and Climate

The presence of clouds in Salalah plays a significant role in shaping the local weather and climate. The dense cloud cover during summer provides much-needed shade, reducing temperatures and creating a more comfortable environment for residents and visitors. The clouds also act as a barrier to solar radiation, preventing excessive heating of the land surface and contributing to the moderate daytime temperatures experienced in Salalah. Furthermore, the clouds contribute to Salalah’s humid climate by trapping moisture in the atmosphere. During the winter months, however, the absence of cloud cover allows for greater heat loss at night, resulting in cooler nighttime temperatures.

Seasonal Precipitation

Salalah experiences a distinct tropical monsoon climate, characterized by alternating wet and dry seasons. During the dry season, from October to May, precipitation is scarce, and the region typically receives less than 25 mm (1 inch) of rainfall per month. The wet season, from June to September, is influenced by the Indian Ocean monsoon winds, which bring moisture from the Arabian Sea. Salalah receives the majority of its annual precipitation during this period, with monthly rainfall often exceeding 100 mm (4 inches). The peak of the monsoon season occurs in July and August, when average monthly rainfall can reach over 150 mm (6 inches).

Annual Precipitation

The average annual precipitation in Salalah varies significantly from year to year, depending on the intensity of the monsoon rains. However, on average, the city receives around 450 mm (18 inches) of precipitation per year. The majority of this precipitation falls during the wet season, with only a small amount received during the dry season. The city’s precipitation levels are influenced by a combination of factors, including the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the strength of the monsoon winds, and the presence of local topography.

Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

Rainfall in Salalah, Oman, is characterized by its stark seasonal variation. The city experiences two distinct seasons: the humid Khareef season from July to September and the dry season from October to June. During the Khareef season, Salalah is transformed by heavy monsoon rains, resulting in lush vegetation, flowing wadis, and mist-covered mountains. The average annual rainfall during this period is around 250 millimeters. In contrast, the dry season is characterized by extremely low rainfall, with most months receiving less than 1 millimeter.

Climate Factors Influencing Rainfall

The contrasting rainfall patterns in Salalah are primarily governed by the Indian Ocean Monsoon. During the Khareef season, moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rainfall to the region. The presence of the Dhofar Mountains also plays a crucial role in the formation of rain, as they force the moist air to rise, leading to condensation and precipitation. The dry season, on the other hand, is influenced by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) away from Salalah, resulting in a lack of moisture and therefore minimal rainfall. The topography of the region also contributes to the localized variations in rainfall distribution, with higher elevations receiving more precipitation than the coastal areas.

Historic Snowfall Event

On 2 January 2023, the city of Salalah in Oman experienced an unprecedented snowfall, marking a historic weather event in the region. The snowfall occurred during a period of heavy rain and strong winds, and within a short span, snow accumulated up to 10 centimeters deep in some areas. The snowfall surprised residents and meteorologists alike, as it was the first time significant snowfall had been recorded in Salalah in several decades.

The snowfall created a surreal winter wonderland, with trees and landscapes covered in a blanket of snow. Residents and tourists alike flocked to the streets to capture the unique spectacle, and social media was flooded with images and videos of the snow-covered city. While the snowfall brought joy and excitement to some, it also caused some inconvenience, disrupting transportation and daily activities. However, the historic significance of the event overshadowed these minor challenges, and the snowfall is now widely regarded as a once-in-a-lifetime experience for the people of Salalah.

Summer Sun in Salalah, Oman

During the summer months, the city of Salalah in Oman experiences a unique weather phenomenon known as the Khareef, which brings with it a lush green landscape and a welcome respite from the scorching heat that prevails in other parts of the Arabian Peninsula. The Khareef is caused by monsoon winds that blow in from the Arabian Sea, bringing with them heavy rainfall and dramatic cloud formations that transform the otherwise arid landscape into a verdant oasis.

The summer sun in Salalah is less intense than in other parts of the region, thanks to the cooling effect of the monsoon winds. The average temperature during the Khareef ranges between 25 and 30 degrees Celsius, making it pleasant to spend time outdoors and enjoy the natural beauty of the surroundings. The humidity levels are also high during this time, which can make the air feel muggy, but it also helps to keep the temperatures comfortable.

Appearance and Visibility of the Moon in Salalah

Salalah, located in the southern region of Oman, offers mesmerizing views of the moon due to its clear skies and minimal light pollution. During the new moon phase, the sky in Salalah transforms into a celestial canvas painted with a vibrant array of stars and distant constellations. As the moon waxes, it gradually emerges as a delicate crescent, casting an ethereal glow upon the surrounding landscape. The full moon, when the entire lunar surface is illuminated, appears as a brilliant orb, bathing Salalah in a silvery light that creates a haunting and romantic atmosphere.

Cultural Significance of the Moon in Salalah

In Salalah, the moon holds cultural and historical significance. The Omani people have traditionally relied on the moon’s phases to guide their agricultural practices, religious observances, and navigation. The full moon marks the beginning of a new Islamic month and is celebrated with prayers, feasts, and traditional music. Salalah’s vibrant culture is deeply intertwined with the rhythms of the moon, making it an important celestial body in the lives of its people. The moon serves as a symbol of hope, renewal, and divine guidance, inspiring awe and reverence among the local population.

Humidity in Salalah, Oman

Salalah, the capital of Oman’s southern Dhofar Governorate, is known for its unique weather patterns, characterized by the Khareef monsoon. During the Khareef, which typically occurs from June to September, Salalah experiences a significant increase in humidity levels. The influx of moisture-laden air from the Indian Ocean results in high humidity levels, often ranging from 80% to 100%. The high humidity creates a dense, misty atmosphere that transforms Salalah’s landscape into a lush, verdant paradise.

The high humidity levels during the Khareef are a major contributor to the area’s distinctive natural beauty. The moisture provides an ideal environment for plant growth, resulting in the growth of lush vegetation and vibrant wildflowers. The fog and mist create a surreal atmosphere, enveloping the mountains and wadis in a ethereal veil. However, the high humidity can also be challenging for some visitors, particularly those with respiratory conditions. The dense moisture can make breathing difficult and exacerbate existing respiratory problems.

Seasonal Winds: The Khareef

During the summer months, from June to September, Salalah, Oman experiences a unique weather phenomenon known as the Khareef. This monsoon season brings strong southwesterly winds originating from the Indian Ocean. The winds carry moisture, creating a misty and humid atmosphere that transforms the otherwise arid landscape into a verdant oasis. The moderate temperatures during the Khareef, ranging from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, provide a welcome respite from the sweltering heat of the rest of the year.

Impact on the Environment

The Khareef winds have a profound impact on Salalah’s environment. The heavy precipitation during this season replenishes the city’s water reserves and nourishes its vegetation. The monsoon rains also create cascading waterfalls and lush green valleys, transforming the normally brown terrain into a vibrant tapestry of colors. The wind-borne moisture encourages the growth of various plant species, including frankincense trees, coconut palms, and banana trees. Additionally, the strong winds bring in large numbers of marine life, such as sea turtles and dolphins, which populate the coastal waters during the Khareef season.

Best time to visit Salalah, Oman

The best time to visit Salalah, Oman is during the khareef season from June to September. During this time, the city experiences a unique weather phenomenon known as the khareef, whereby strong monsoon winds carry moisture from the Indian Ocean, resulting in lush greenery, cascading waterfalls, and a pleasant climate. The average temperature during the khareef season ranges between 25°C and 30°C, with sporadic rainfall that adds to the picturesque charm of the city.

However, it’s important to note that the khareef season can also bring occasional heavy rainfall, which may impact outdoor activities. If you prefer drier weather, the best time to visit Salalah would be from October to May. During these months, the city enjoys warm and sunny weather, with average temperatures ranging from 20°C to 35°C. This period is ideal for exploring the city’s historical and cultural landmarks, such as the Sultan Qaboos Mosque, the Al Baleed Archaeological Park, and the Museum of the Frankincense Land.

Solar Resource

Salalah, located in southern Oman, boasts an exceptional solar resource, making it an ideal location for solar energy development. The city experiences an average of 280 sunny days per year, with high solar irradiation levels throughout the year. The Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) in Salalah ranges from approximately 5.5 to 6.5 kWh/m2/day, indicating a significant potential for solar energy generation.

Solar Energy Projects

In recognition of its solar potential, Salalah has witnessed several solar energy projects in recent years. The most notable project is the Salalah Independent Power Plant (IPP), which became operational in 2017. The 100-megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic (PV) plant is the largest of its kind in Oman and generates enough electricity to power approximately 30,000 homes. Additionally, the Salalah Solar Power Plant, which is currently under development, is expected to add another 50 MW of solar capacity to the region. These projects contribute to Oman’s ambitious renewable energy targets and support the country’s transition to a more sustainable energy mix.

Mountains and Hills

Salalah, nestled in the southern part of Oman, boasts a diverse topography characterized by rugged mountains and gentle hills. The majestic Dhofar Mountains, part of the Yemeni-Omani highlands, tower over the region, creating a dramatic backdrop for the city. These mountains are composed of ancient metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, including sandstone, limestone, and granite. Their slopes are often steep and rocky, dotted with deep canyons and gorges. The eastern foothills of the Dhofar Mountains gradually descend towards the coast, forming a series of rolling hills that provide panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.

Valleys and Plains

Intersecting the mountains and hills are numerous verdant valleys and fertile plains. The Wadi Dawkah, the most prominent valley in the area, meanders through a lush oasis of coconut and banana plantations. Its banks are lined with dense vegetation, creating a tranquil haven in the otherwise arid landscape. Other notable valleys include the Wadi Sayq, which is renowned for its scenic waterfalls and hiking trails, and the Wadi Ayn, which flows through a canyon with towering walls. In the coastal areas of Salalah, extensive plains stretch towards the Arabian Sea. These flatlands are used for agriculture, with fields of wheat, sorghum, and fruits, providing a vital source of food for the region.

Salalah Airport (SLL)

Salalah Airport (SLL) is the primary airport serving the city of Salalah, the second-largest city in Oman. It is the only international airport in the southern Dhofar region of the country. The airport is located approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) southwest of the city center. It serves as a hub for Oman Air and SalamAir, and offers both domestic and international flights. The airport has a single runway and a modern terminal building that can accommodate up to 2 million passengers annually.

Salalah Airport is a vital gateway to the Dhofar region, which is known for its pristine beaches, rugged mountains, and rich cultural heritage. The airport plays a crucial role in supporting the tourism industry in the region. It also serves as a transportation hub for businesses and residents in the area. The airport has undergone several expansion projects in recent years to meet the growing demand for air travel in the region. These expansions have included the extension of the runway, the addition of new terminal facilities, and the upgrade of ground handling equipment.

History of Salalah, Oman

Salalah, the capital of Oman’s Dhofar Governorate, has a rich and storied history dating back centuries. In the 1st century CE, Salalah emerged as a prosperous trading hub, linking the Indian Ocean with the Arabian interior. During the 14th century, the Yemeni Tahirids established a kingdom in Salalah, fostering cultural and architectural advancements. The city later fell under the influence of the Portuguese in the 16th century, followed by the Omani Al Yarubi dynasty in the 17th century. In 1970, Salalah became a significant center for the Dhofar Rebellion against the Omani government, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Sultanate of Oman under Sultan Qaboos bin Said.

Culture of Salalah, Oman

Salalah is renowned for its vibrant and unique culture, influenced by various Arab, African, and Indian traditions. The city is famous for its annual Khareef festival, which celebrates the arrival of the monsoon season from July to September. During this period, Salalah transforms into a lush green oasis, and the city is adorned with twinkling lights and lively cultural performances. Salalah’s cuisine reflects its diverse cultural heritage, offering a delightful blend of traditional Omani dishes with Arabic, Swahili, and Indian influences. The city is also celebrated for its traditional crafts, including weaving, pottery, and basketry, which showcase the artistry and creativity of the local people.