Rangpur Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Bangladesh

Hot, Humid Summers

Rangpur experiences sweltering summers from March to June, with average temperatures hovering around 33-36°C (91-97°F). The humidity levels are also high, often exceeding 80%, making the air thick and uncomfortable. Occasional thunderstorms or heavy rain can bring some respite from the heat, but the nights remain warm and oppressive.

Mild Winters

From November to February, Rangpur enjoys a milder climate with average temperatures ranging from 15-25°C (59-77°F). The humidity is lower than in the summer months, making the air feel drier and more comfortable. While temperatures can occasionally dip below 10°C (50°F) at night, overall the winter weather is pleasant and suitable for outdoor activities.

Seasonal Variation

Rangpur experiences a distinct seasonal variation in average temperature. During the summer months of April to June, temperatures reach their peak, with average highs in the mid-30s Celsius (mid-90s Fahrenheit). The hottest month is May, with an average high of 36.8°C (98.2°F). In contrast, the winter months from December to February are characterized by mild temperatures, with average lows in the high teens to mid-20s Celsius (low 60s to mid-70s Fahrenheit). The coldest month is January, with an average low of 17.8°C (64.0°F).

Long-Term Trends

Over the past few decades, Rangpur has witnessed a gradual increase in average temperatures. This trend is consistent with global warming patterns and is attributed to factors such as rising greenhouse gas emissions and changes in land use. Since 1980, the annual average temperature in Rangpur has increased by approximately 1.2°C (2.2°F). The most significant warming has occurred in the winter months, with average winter temperatures increasing by nearly 2°C (3.6°F). As a result of these long-term trends, Rangpur is experiencing a longer and warmer summer season and a shorter and milder winter season.

Formation and Types of Clouds in Rangpur, Bangladesh

Rangpur, located in the northern part of Bangladesh, experiences a variety of cloud formations due to its tropical monsoon climate. During the monsoon season, from June to September, the region is dominated by cumulus and nimbus clouds. Cumulus clouds are puffy and resemble cotton balls, while nimbus clouds are dark and associated with precipitation. In the winter months, Rangpur sees more cirrus and stratus clouds. Cirrus clouds are thin and wispy, made of ice crystals, while stratus clouds are flat and gray, covering the entire sky.

Impact of Clouds on Rangpur’s Climate

Clouds play a significant role in shaping Rangpur’s climate. During the monsoon season, heavy rainfall from nimbus clouds can lead to flooding and waterlogging. The thick cloud cover also blocks sunlight, resulting in cooler temperatures. In the winter, cirrus clouds allow sunlight to reach the surface, contributing to warmer days. Stratus clouds, on the other hand, can trap heat, leading to foggy and humid conditions. The presence or absence of clouds also affects wind patterns and humidity levels in Rangpur. Understanding cloud formations and their impact is crucial for forecasting weather and mitigating potential climate-related hazards in the region.

Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation

Rangpur, Bangladesh, experiences a distinct seasonal distribution of precipitation. The monsoon season, spanning from June to October, brings abundant rainfall, accounting for over 70% of the annual precipitation. During this period, heavy downpours are frequent, often leading to flooding in low-lying areas. The dry season, from November to May, receives significantly less rainfall, with sporadic showers and long periods of drought. The transition months of May-June and October-November witness moderate rainfall and occasional thunderstorms.

Annual Rainfall and Variability

The average annual precipitation in Rangpur is approximately 2,300 mm. However, there is considerable variability from year to year, influenced by factors such as the strength of the monsoon, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and climate change. Dry spells during the monsoon season can lead to agricultural droughts, while excessive rainfall can cause flooding and damage infrastructure. In recent years, climate change has been contributing to more frequent and intense rainfall events, posing significant challenges for water management and disaster preparedness in Rangpur.

Annual Rainfall Distribution

Rangpur, a city in northern Bangladesh, experiences significant seasonal rainfall variability. The monsoon season, from June to October, accounts for the majority of annual rainfall, with an average of around 1,500 mm. During this period, heavy rainfall events and flooding are common. The dry season, from November to May, receives considerably less precipitation, with an average of around 300 mm. This season is characterized by relatively mild temperatures and occasional thunderstorms.

Spatial and Temporal Variability

The distribution of rainfall within Rangpur exhibits spatial and temporal variations. The western and central parts of the district generally receive higher rainfall than the eastern region. Additionally, the annual rainfall pattern has shown fluctuations over time. In recent years, there has been a trend towards increased intensity of rainfall events, particularly during the monsoon season. This has resulted in more frequent occurrences of floods and other weather-related disasters.

Meteorological Conditions Leading to Snowfall

Snowfall is a rare occurrence in Bangladesh, and Rangpur is no exception. The formation of snowfall requires specific meteorological conditions, including sub-zero temperatures, moisture in the atmosphere, and the presence of nucleation particles that allow water vapor to condense into ice crystals. Historically, the northern regions of Bangladesh, including Rangpur, have experienced sporadic snowfall events due to a combination of these factors. The most recent snowfall in Rangpur occurred in 2021, when a cold front brought snow to the area, covering the ground with a thin layer of snow that lasted for several hours.

Impacts of Snowfall on Rangpur

Snowfall, while rare in Rangpur, can have a significant impact on the region. The cold temperatures associated with snowfall can damage crops, disrupt daily life, and pose health risks to vulnerable populations. Transportation can be severely affected due to slippery roads and reduced visibility. Additionally, the weight of snow on trees and power lines can cause damage and power outages. Emergency services may also face challenges in responding to incidents due to the hazardous weather conditions. While snowfall can bring a sense of wonder and beauty to the landscape, its occurrence in Rangpur is often met with both awe and trepidation.

Sunrise and Sunset in Rangpur

Rangpur, a vibrant city in northwestern Bangladesh, experiences breathtaking sunrises and sunsets. As the first rays of dawn peek over the horizon, casting a warm glow upon the cityscape, locals gather at vantage points to witness this celestial spectacle. The sky transforms into a canvas of brilliant hues, from fiery oranges and golden yellows to soft pinks and delicate purples. As the sun rises higher, it bathes the city in a golden embrace, illuminating the bustling streets and verdant surroundings.

In the evening, as the sun begins its descent, a similar spectacle unfolds in the western sky. The setting sun paints the horizon with a vibrant palette, creating a mesmerizing tapestry of colors. The city’s skyline takes on a silhouette, with buildings and towering structures casting long shadows across the landscape. As the sun dips below the horizon, the sky erupts in a symphony of pinks, reds, and oranges, leaving a lingering glow long after the sun has disappeared.

Seasonal Humidity Variations:

Rangpur, Bangladesh, experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity. During the summer months (April-October), the average relative humidity ranges from 75% to 90%. The monsoon season (June-September) is particularly humid, with relative humidity often exceeding 90%. During this time, the air is heavy and oppressive, and outdoor activities can be uncomfortable.

In contrast, the winter months (November-March) are marked by lower humidity levels, typically ranging from 50% to 70%. The air during this time is drier and less humid, making it more pleasant for outdoor activities. However, occasional cold fronts from the north can bring periods of higher humidity, especially during the early morning and evening hours.

Historical Wind Patterns in Rangpur

Historically, Rangpur has experienced consistent wind patterns influenced by its geographical location in the northern region of Bangladesh. The region falls within the path of the Indian Summer Monsoon, which brings strong winds and abundant rainfall during the wet season (June to October). During this period, southwesterly winds prevail, bringing moisture from the Bay of Bengal and contributing to the area’s lush vegetation and agricultural productivity. In the dry season (November to May), the wind direction shifts to the north, bringing drier and cooler air from the Himalayas. These distinct wind patterns have shaped Rangpur’s climate and ecological systems over centuries.

Recent Trends and Climate Variability

In recent years, Rangpur has witnessed some variability in its wind patterns. Climate change and global warming have impacted the monsoon system, leading to more extreme weather events and unpredictable wind patterns. During the monsoon season, cyclones and tropical depressions have become more frequent and severe, bringing stronger winds and causing widespread damage. Additionally, the duration of the dry season has extended, and the occurrence of hot and dry winds has increased. These changes have significant implications for local communities, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. Research and monitoring efforts are crucial to understand and adapt to the evolving wind patterns in Rangpur and the broader region.

October to March: Pleasant Weather and Cultural Festivities

The ideal time to experience Rangpur’s charm is during the winter months from October to March. With average temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius, the weather is favorable for outdoor exploration and sightseeing. This period also coincides with several cultural festivals, including the Rangpur Mango Festival and the Rangpur Tea Festival, offering a vibrant glimpse into the region’s rich traditions and agricultural heritage. Visitors can indulge in delicious mango delicacies, witness tea plantations in their prime, and experience the lively atmosphere of these festive celebrations.

April to June: Mango Season and River Adventures

Spring in Rangpur (April to June) transforms the landscape into a sea of golden yellow as mango trees laden with ripe fruits dominate the scenery. This is the perfect time to savor the sweet and juicy local mangoes, known for their exceptional taste and aroma. Additionally, the rivers in the region are at their highest levels during this period, making it an excellent opportunity for river cruises and boat trips. Visitors can admire the lush greenery lining the riverbanks and witness the bustling riverine life of Rangpur. The monsoon season from July to September brings heavy rainfall, although occasional sunny spells may occur, offering a different perspective on the region’s natural beauty.

Solar Potential of Rangpur, Bangladesh

Rangpur, located in the northern part of Bangladesh, has immense potential for solar energy utilization. The region receives abundant sunlight throughout the year, with an average daily solar insolation of around 5.5 kWh/m2. This high solar radiation makes Rangpur an ideal location for solar power generation. The vast open spaces and availability of uncultivated land further enhance the suitability of the region for large-scale solar projects.

Initiatives and Benefits of Solar Energy Adoption

Recognizing the potential, the government of Bangladesh has taken significant steps to promote solar energy adoption in Rangpur. Several solar power plants have been established in the region, and more are in the pipeline. These projects contribute to the national grid, providing clean and renewable energy to the growing population. Additionally, the use of solar energy in Rangpur has environmental benefits, as it reduces reliance on fossil fuels and minimizes carbon emissions. Solar-powered irrigation systems have also been introduced, improving agricultural productivity and reducing energy expenses for farmers.

Geomorphology

Rangpur, located in the northwestern part of Bangladesh, is characterized by a flat alluvial plain, a result of centuries of sediment deposition by the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries. The topography is gently sloping, with an elevation ranging from 10 to 20 meters above sea level. The landscape is dotted with numerous small channels and lakes, formed by the meandering courses of the region’s rivers. Despite its flatness, Rangpur experiences seasonal flooding during the monsoon season, which can lead to extensive inundation.

Soil Characteristics

The soils of Rangpur are primarily formed by the sedimentation of alluvial deposits. They are characterized by a high proportion of silt and clay, giving them a fertile and loamy texture. The soil’s drainage capacity varies significantly, with some areas being prone to waterlogging during the rainy season. The pH levels of the soils tend to be slightly acidic, ranging from 6.0 to 6.5. The presence of organic matter and the favorable soil conditions make Rangpur suitable for a variety of agricultural activities, including the cultivation of rice, wheat, and sugarcane.

Saiyid Nazrul Islam Airport (RNU)

Saiyid Nazrul Islam Airport (RNU) is the nearest airport to Rangpur, Bangladesh. It is located approximately 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) from the city center. The airport has one runway, which is 1,829 meters (5,997 feet) long. It is served by a number of domestic airlines, including Biman Bangladesh Airlines, US-Bangla Airlines, and Novoair. There are direct flights to Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, and Saidpur from RNU.

The airport was built in 1964 and was originally known as Rangpur Airport. It was renamed in 2010 in honor of the Bangladeshi poet Kazi Nazrul Islam. The airport has been undergoing a major expansion in recent years, which is expected to be completed in 2023. The expansion will include a new terminal building, a new runway, and a new control tower.

History and Origin

Rangpur, a vibrant city in northern Bangladesh, boasts a rich history dating back centuries. The region was initially part of the ancient kingdom of Pundravardhana, known for its flourishing arts and culture. Over time, it came under the rule of various empires, including the Maurya, Gupta, and Pala dynasties. During the British colonial era, Rangpur served as an important administrative center and played a significant role in the indigo trade. In 1947, it became part of East Pakistan and subsequently Bangladesh after the liberation war in 1971.

Geography and Climate

Rangpur lies in the Rangpur Division, situated in the northern part of Bangladesh. It is bordered by Gaibandha District to the west, Dinajpur District to the north, Kurigram District to the east, and Lalmonirhat District to the south. The city experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterized by hot, wet summers and mild, dry winters. The average annual temperature ranges from 13 to 33 degrees Celsius (55 to 91 degrees Fahrenheit), with monsoon rains occurring from June to September. Rangpur is home to a variety of flora and fauna, including numerous bird species and aquatic life in its rivers and wetlands.