Ranchi Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Summer

Ranchi experiences a hot and humid summer season from March to May. The average temperature during this time ranges between 25°C (77°F) and 35°C (95°F), with highs reaching up to 40°C (104°F) in May. The humidity levels are also high, making the weather feel oppressive at times. Scattered thunderstorms are common in the afternoons, providing some relief from the heat.

Winter

The winter season in Ranchi lasts from November to February and is characterized by cold and dry conditions. The average temperature during this time ranges between 10°C (50°F) and 20°C (68°F), with lows dipping below 5°C (41°F) at night in December and January. The humidity levels are low, and the skies are usually clear and sunny. Fog is common in the early mornings during December and January, reducing visibility.

Seasonal Variations

Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, India, experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature throughout the year. During the summer months from March to June, temperatures soar, with average highs reaching between 36°C and 40°C. The scorching heat can be accompanied by high levels of humidity, making it an uncomfortable time for outdoor activities.

In contrast, the winter season from November to February brings a welcome respite from the summer heat. Temperatures drop significantly, with average lows hovering around 8°C to 12°C. Occasional cold waves can cause temperatures to dip below freezing, resulting in chilly nights and misty mornings.

Annual Averages and Extremes

The annual average temperature in Ranchi is approximately 23.6°C. The warmest months are May and June, when temperatures consistently exceed 30°C. The coldest months are December and January, when the average temperature drops to below 15°C. Extreme temperatures have been recorded in both summer and winter, with highs reaching 47°C and lows dropping to -1°C.

Cloud Types and Formation

Ranchi experiences various cloud formations throughout the year. During the summer months, cumulonimbus clouds are common, characterized by their towering anvil-shaped tops. These clouds often bring heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. Conversely, during the winter months, stratus clouds dominate the sky, forming a uniform gray layer that often obscures the sun and can lead to fog.

Cloud Cover and Rainfall

The amount of cloud cover in Ranchi varies significantly from season to season. During the monsoon season, from June to September, cloud cover is at its peak, with frequent overcast skies. This contributes to the heavy rainfall the city receives during this period, averaging around 1,250 mm. In contrast, during the winter months, cloud cover is much less, leading to clear skies and lower precipitation levels.

Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation

The city of Ranchi experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. During the monsoon season from June to September, heavy rainfall occurs, contributing to almost 80% of the annual rainfall. The city receives around 1,400 mm (55 in) of rain during this period. The remaining months are relatively dry, with occasional showers during the winter and pre-monsoon seasons.

Rainfall Variability and Inter-annual Variations

The annual rainfall in Ranchi exhibits significant variability. In recent years, the city has faced both extreme rainfall events and droughts. For instance, in 2020, the city witnessed record-breaking rainfall, resulting in widespread flooding. Conversely, in 2019, Ranchi experienced an unusual drought, leading to water shortages and agricultural losses. These extreme events highlight the changing climate patterns and the need for adaptation measures to mitigate their impacts.

Distribution and Patterns of Rainfall

Ranchi, the capital city of Jharkhand, India, experiences a distinct pattern of rainfall throughout the year. The city receives an average of 1,200 millimeters of rainfall annually, with most of it falling during the monsoon season from June to September. During this period, the city experiences heavy downpours and thunderstorms, leading to localized flooding and waterlogging. The months of October to December witness a gradual decrease in rainfall, while the winter months (January to May) are relatively dry with occasional light showers.

Seasonal Variability and Impacts

The summer months in Ranchi are characterized by moderate rainfall, with temperatures rising up to 38 degrees Celsius. The onset of the monsoon in June brings a surge in rainfall, which peaks in August. The city often receives torrential rainfall during this time, leading to overflowing rivers and disrupted infrastructure. However, the monsoon also brings much-needed water for agriculture and replenishes groundwater aquifers. The post-monsoon period from October to November experiences a gradual decrease in rainfall, while the winter months remain relatively dry with average temperatures ranging from 10 to 15 degrees Celsius. The city experiences occasional winter fog and frost during this period.

Unusual Occurrence

Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, India, experienced an unprecedented snowfall in January 2022. The city, situated in the eastern part of the country, is not typically known for snowfall, making this event a rare and extraordinary occurrence. The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, blanketed the city in a layer of white, transforming its landscape into a winter wonderland.

Impact on the City

The snowfall caused widespread disruption in Ranchi. Roads and highways were closed due to slippery conditions, making it difficult for people to travel. Schools and businesses were closed, and public transportation came to a standstill. The city experienced power outages as ice accumulated on power lines. The cold temperatures and heavy snow also posed a risk to the homeless and underprivileged, as shelters were quickly overwhelmed by the influx of people seeking refuge.

Sunrise and Sunset Times in Ranchi

Ranchi, the capital city of Jharkhand, India, experiences significant variations in sunrise and sunset times throughout the year due to its location in the Northern Hemisphere. During the summer months (April-May), the sun rises around 5:45 AM and sets approximately at 6:30 PM, resulting in longer daylight hours. As the year progresses, the sun begins to rise later and set earlier, reaching its latest sunrise time of 6:45 AM in mid-December and its earliest sunset time of 5:45 PM in mid-June. These variations are primarily influenced by the Earth’s tilt and its orbit around the sun.

Sun Exposure and Its Impact

The intensity of sunlight in Ranchi varies depending on the time of day, season, and cloud cover. During the peak summer months, the sun’s rays can be extremely strong, leading to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Prolonged exposure to these rays can cause sunburn, skin damage, and increase the risk of skin cancer. It is important for residents of Ranchi to take precautions such as wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, and avoiding excessive exposure during peak hours. In contrast, during the winter months (October-March), the sun’s intensity is generally lower, providing a more comfortable environment for outdoor activities.

Moonlight in Ranchi

Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, India, is renowned for its serene moonlit nights. During the full moon, the city’s skyline transforms into a celestial tapestry, adorned with a thousand shimmering stars and the radiant glow of the full moon. The moon casts an ethereal light upon the city, painting the landscape in silvery hues and casting long shadows across the streets and buildings. The air fills with a gentle breeze, carrying the sweet fragrance of blooming flowers and the sound of rustling leaves. The moonlight creates a magical atmosphere, inviting residents and visitors alike to bask in its enchanting glow.

Influence on Culture and Spirituality

The moon holds significant cultural and spiritual importance in Ranchi and the surrounding regions. The full moon is considered an auspicious time for ceremonies, festivals, and rituals. Many temples in the city conduct special prayers and offerings during the full moon, attracting large gatherings of devotees. The moon’s presence is also celebrated through traditional folk songs, dances, and storytelling. The moon is revered as a symbol of fertility, abundance, and divine protection, and its influence can be seen in various aspects of local culture and traditions.

Humidity Levels in Ranchi

Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand in eastern India, experiences significant variations in humidity levels throughout the year. The city’s tropical monsoon climate results in a period of high humidity during the summer months, from March to May. During this time, average daily humidity levels can reach upwards of 70%, making the air feel thick and uncomfortable. However, during the winter months, from November to February, humidity levels typically drop to around 50%, creating a drier and more pleasant atmosphere.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

The monsoon season, which extends from June to September, brings an influx of humidity to Ranchi. As the southwest monsoon winds carry moisture from the Bay of Bengal, humidity levels surge, often surpassing 80%. This period is characterized by heavy rainfall and a sultry, humid climate. In contrast, the post-monsoon season, from October to November, witnesses a gradual decrease in humidity as the winds change direction and the rains subside. During this time, humidity levels hover around 60%.

Seasonal Characteristics

Ranchi, the capital city of Jharkhand, India, experiences distinct seasonal variations in wind patterns. During the winter months (October to February), the city is influenced by the northeasterly winds associated with the retreating monsoon. These winds bring clear and dry conditions, with average wind speeds ranging between 2 to 4 km/h. The summer months (March to June) are dominated by the southwesterly monsoon winds, which bring heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. The wind speeds typically increase during this season, reaching an average of 6 to 8 km/h.

Local Meteorology

The topography of Ranchi plays a significant role in shaping its wind patterns. The city is located on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which acts as a barrier, deflecting the strong winds from the Bay of Bengal. This results in relatively calm wind conditions compared to other parts of India. Additionally, the presence of dense forests and vegetation in the surrounding areas helps to reduce wind speeds within the city. During the dry season, occasional dust storms may occur, particularly in the late afternoon or evening, when the surface temperatures are highest.

Visiting During the Winter (October to March)

The winter season in Ranchi offers the most pleasant weather for tourists. Temperatures range from 10°C to 25°C, providing a cool and refreshing climate. The skies are generally clear, with occasional light showers, making it ideal for sightseeing and outdoor activities. This is the peak tourist season, so expect larger crowds and higher accommodation prices. Notable attractions to visit during winter include the Rock Garden, Kanke Dam, and Tagore Hill.

Visiting During the Summer (April to June)

The summer months in Ranchi can be quite hot and humid, with temperatures reaching as high as 40°C. While not the ideal time for outdoor excursions, it offers a unique opportunity to witness the vibrant local culture and traditions. During this period, the city hosts several festivals, including the Ranchi Mahotsav and the Karma Puja, showcasing its rich heritage and art forms. It’s advisable to avoid strenuous activities during midday and opt for indoor sightseeing or visit the nearby waterfalls to escape the heat.

Potential of Solar Energy in Ranchi

Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, India, boasts significant potential for solar energy development. With an average of 5.5-6.5 kWh/m²/day of solar radiation, the city offers ample sunlight for harnessing solar power. The increasing demand for electricity, coupled with the need for clean and sustainable energy sources, makes solar energy an attractive option for Ranchi. Furthermore, government initiatives and financial incentives encourage solar adoption, paving the way for a promising future in solar energy.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite its potential, solar energy development in Ranchi faces certain challenges. The initial investment required for solar installations can be high, which may deter some consumers. However, government subsidies and net metering policies aim to mitigate these costs and make solar energy more accessible. Additionally, the availability of suitable rooftops and land for solar panels can be a constraint, particularly in densely populated areas. Nevertheless, the growing awareness of the benefits of solar energy and the potential for job creation in the sector present significant opportunities for Ranchi to embrace solar power. With careful planning and collaboration, the city can unlock its full solar potential and contribute to achieving India’s clean energy goals.

Topography of Ranchi, India

Ranchi, the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand, is located in the Chota Nagpur Plateau, a region characterized by undulating terrain and dense forests. The city is situated at an average elevation of 651 meters (2,136 feet) above sea level, with some areas rising to over 700 meters (2,300 feet). The topography of Ranchi is predominantly hilly, with numerous plateaus, valleys, and streams. The highest point in the city is Gonda Hill, which stands at 713 meters (2,342 feet) above sea level.

The geological formation of Ranchi consists mainly of Archean rocks, including granite, gneiss, and quartzite. The soil is generally red and lateritic, with a high content of iron oxide. The drainage pattern of the city is complex, with several rivers and streams flowing through the region. The Subarnarekha River, a major tributary of the Ganges, originates in Ranchi and flows through the city before entering West Bengal and Odisha. Other notable rivers include the Kanchi River and the Damodar River. The topography of Ranchi plays a significant role in shaping its climate, with the hills and valleys creating microclimates and influencing the city’s rainfall patterns. The city experiences a tropical monsoon climate with hot and humid summers and mild winters.

Birsa Munda Airport (IXR)

Birsa Munda Airport, also known as Ranchi Airport, is the primary airport serving Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand state in India. It is located approximately 5 kilometers northwest of the city center. The airport is named after Birsa Munda, a renowned tribal leader and freedom fighter from the region.

Birsa Munda Airport is well-connected to major cities in India, with direct flights to destinations such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bangalore, and Hyderabad. The airport has a single terminal with modern facilities, including a check-in area, security checkpoints, baggage claim, and a variety of shops and eateries. It also features a spacious departure lounge and a separate arrival hall. The airport handles both domestic and international flights, catering to a growing number of travelers and businesses in the region.

History and Culture:

Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, is nestled amidst scenic hills and plateaus. The city’s history dates back to the 18th century when it was founded by Raja Jagannath Sahi, a vassal of the Nawab of Bengal. Over the centuries, Ranchi has witnessed the rule of several dynasties, including the Mughals and the British. During British rule, it served as the summer capital of Bihar and Orissa. Today, Ranchi is a vibrant metropolis that blends its rich heritage with modern amenities. Its numerous museums, including the State Museum and the Tribal Research Institute, showcase the city’s cultural legacy and the diverse tribal traditions of the region.

Geography and Climate:

Ranchi is situated in the eastern state of Jharkhand, surrounded by picturesque hills and forests. The city is renowned for its pleasant climate, with warm summers and mild winters. Its geographical location on the Chotanagpur Plateau provides a natural barrier against the cold winds from the north, making it a popular summer retreat. The city is adorned with verdant parks, such as Tagore Hill and Nakshatra Van, which offer serene getaways for locals and visitors alike. Ranchi is well-connected by road and rail to major cities in the region. The Birsa Munda Airport provides air connectivity to major destinations across the country.