Quetzaltenango Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Guatemala

Spring and Summer

Spring in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, typically spans from March to May. During this period, temperatures gradually rise, ranging from an average of 16°C (61°F) in March to 20°C (68°F) in May. The weather is generally dry, with occasional light showers.

Summer, from June to August, brings warm and sunny weather to the city. Average temperatures hover around 22°C (72°F) throughout the season. While rainfall is infrequent, brief afternoon thunderstorms can occur occasionally. The pleasant weather and abundant sunshine make summer an ideal time to explore Quetzaltenango’s outdoor attractions.

Autumn and Winter

Autumn, from September to November, brings a gradual decline in temperatures. Average daily highs drop from 20°C (68°F) in September to 17°C (63°F) in November. The weather remains mostly dry, with a slight increase in precipitation towards the end of the season.

Winter, from December to February, is Quetzaltenango’s coldest period. Temperatures average between 12°C (54°F) and 15°C (59°F) during the day, and can dip below freezing at night. While snow is rare, foggy mornings are common. The dry weather makes winter suitable for sightseeing and hiking in the surrounding mountains.

Average Temperature

Quetzaltenango, a highland city in Guatemala, experiences relatively consistent temperatures throughout the year, with an annual average around 15°C (59°F). During the warmest months from March to April, the average high hovers between 23°C (73°F) and 25°C (77°F), providing pleasant weather for outdoor activities. Conversely, the coldest months, from December to February, see average lows dropping to around 7°C (45°F), making layers of clothing essential for comfort.

Seasonal Variations

Quetzaltenango’s climate is characterized by distinct dry and wet seasons. The dry season, spanning from November to April, brings ample sunshine and low humidity. During this time, temperatures are generally warmer, making it an ideal time for sightseeing and exploring the city’s attractions. The wet season, from May to October, is defined by heavy rainfall and increased moisture in the air. While it can sometimes lead to overcast skies and damp weather, it also nourishes the city’s lush vegetation and offers opportunities for experiencing traditional Guatemalan festivals and events.

Cloud Cover in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala

Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, experiences a variety of cloud cover throughout the year. During the dry season, which typically runs from November to April, the skies are generally clear and sunny. However, during the wet season, which runs from May to October, cloud cover is more prevalent. The city experiences regular rainfall during this time, and the skies are often overcast or partly cloudy.

The cloud cover in Quetzaltenango is influenced by several factors, including its altitude and location. The city is located at an altitude of over 2,300 meters above sea level, which means that it is often above the level of clouds. Additionally, Quetzaltenango is located in a valley, which can trap clouds and lead to more cloudy conditions.

Cloud Types in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala

The types of clouds that are most commonly seen in Quetzaltenango include cumulus, cirrus, and stratus clouds. Cumulus clouds are puffy clouds that often appear on fair-weather days. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds that are composed of ice crystals. Stratus clouds are flat, gray clouds that often cover the entire sky.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Quetzaltenango experiences bimodal precipitation, with two pronounced wet seasons from May to June and from September to October. The annual average rainfall is approximately 1,500 millimeters (59 inches). During the wet seasons, heavy showers and thunderstorms are common, particularly in the afternoons and evenings. The city receives its highest precipitation in September, averaging over 300 millimeters (12 inches) of rain.

Impact on Climate and Vegetation

The substantial precipitation in Quetzaltenango greatly influences the local climate and vegetation. The city experiences a humid subtropical climate with warm temperatures year-round and consistent rainfall. The abundant moisture supports a vibrant ecosystem, including lush green hillsides, dense forests, and abundant plant life. The surrounding countryside is known for its coffee plantations, which thrive in the moist conditions. The precipitation also contributes to the formation of the nearby Lake Atitlán, a picturesque volcanic lake that is a popular tourist destination.

Rainfall Patterns

Rainfall in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, exhibits distinct seasonal patterns influenced by its location in the tropics and the prevailing trade winds. The city experiences a wet season from May to November, during which rainfall is abundant and often heavy. The peak rainy months occur in June and September, with average rainfall exceeding 200 millimeters (8 inches). During this season, tropical cyclones and easterly waves can bring prolonged and intense rainfall, leading to flooding and landslides.

Annual Variability

The annual rainfall in Quetzaltenango varies significantly, ranging from 1,000 to 1,600 millimeters (40 to 63 inches). This variability is primarily driven by the strength and duration of the wet season, which can be affected by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. During strong El Niño years, the wet season tends to be drier, while La Niña events can bring increased rainfall and flooding. Additionally, the city’s proximity to the Pacific Ocean contributes to the relatively high humidity and occasional thunderstorm activity throughout the year.

History of Snowfall in Quetzaltenango

Quetzaltenango, located in the highlands of Guatemala, is known for its stunning landscapes and vibrant culture. However, snowfall has been a rare occurrence throughout its recorded history. The city’s high altitude of around 2,300 meters above sea level does not typically experience temperatures low enough to support snowfall. While there have been occasional reports of light snow flurries or frost in the surrounding highlands, significant accumulations in Quetzaltenango itself are highly unusual.

Recent Snowfall Event

On January 17, 2023, Quetzaltenango witnessed a rare snowfall event that covered the city in a thin layer of white. The snowfall was a result of a cold front that brought freezing temperatures and moisture to the area. Although the accumulation was not significant, the sight of snow-covered streets and rooftops was a novelty for most residents. Many people took to the streets to enjoy the unique spectacle, taking photos and sharing the experience on social media. The snowfall, though brief, provided a picturesque and unforgettable moment for those who were fortunate enough to witness it.

Sunrise and Sunset

In Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, the sun rises and sets with a stunning spectacle of colors. The eastern horizon bursts into a brilliant orange and yellow hue as the sun ascends, casting a golden glow over the city. As it descends in the west, the sky transforms into a canvas of vibrant pinks, purples, and oranges, creating an ethereal glow that bathes the city in warmth and tranquility. The changing hues of the sky paint a captivating panorama, offering a visual feast for the senses.

Sunshine and Cloud Cover

Quetzaltenango enjoys an abundance of sunshine throughout the year. The rainy season, which typically extends from May to October, brings intermittent showers but rarely obscures the sun for extended periods. The dry season, lasting from November to April, showcases clear skies and radiant sunshine. The average annual temperature hovers around 15 degrees Celsius, with warm days and cool nights. The moderate climate and consistent sunshine make Quetzaltenango an ideal destination for outdoor activities and soaking up the sun’s rays.

Moonlit Nights in Quetzaltenango

The moon casts its luminous glow upon the tranquil city of Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. As night falls, the city’s vibrant streets transform into a scene of celestial beauty. The moon’s silvery orb illuminates the historic architecture, creating a picturesque cityscape. The colonial-era buildings, with their intricate facades and arched doorways, stand majestically against the celestial backdrop. The cobblestone streets shimmer beneath the moon’s gaze, inviting strollers to witness the city’s nocturnal enchantment.

Celestial Phenomena

Quetzaltenango’s location in the mountainous highlands of Guatemala provides prime viewing for celestial phenomena. On clear nights, the moon appears larger and brighter in the sky than at sea level. The city’s elevation offers a breathtaking panorama of the cosmos. Visitors may marvel at the full moon, which casts an ethereal glow upon the landscape, and the new moon, which offers a rare opportunity to witness the Milky Way in all its glory. Eclipses and meteor showers, when visible, provide unforgettable spectacles that illuminate the night sky with celestial fireworks.

Humidity Patterns

Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, typically experiences high humidity levels throughout the year. The average annual relative humidity is around 75%, with little variation between seasons. This high humidity is primarily attributed to the city’s location within a mountainous region and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The surrounding mountains often trap moisture, creating a humid microclimate.

Fluctuations and Seasonal Differences

While humidity levels remain relatively consistent year-round, there are some slight seasonal variations. During the dry season (November to April), humidity levels tend to be slightly lower, with averages ranging between 65% and 70%. This decrease is due to reduced precipitation and increased evaporation during this period. However, even during the dry season, humidity levels remain relatively high compared to other regions. In contrast, during the wet season (May to October), humidity levels increase slightly, with averages ranging from 80% to 85%. The increase in precipitation and cloud cover during this season contribute to higher humidity levels.

Seasonal Wind Patterns

Quetzaltenango, nestled amidst the highlands of western Guatemala, experiences distinct seasonal wind patterns. During the dry season, from November to April, the prevailing winds blow from the north and northeast, known locally as the “vientos alisios.” These winds are typically mild and consistent, bringing clear skies and pleasant temperatures. The wet season, from May to October, brings a shift in the wind direction, with southerly winds becoming dominant. These winds, known as the “vientos ciclónicos,” are often stronger and more variable, bringing increased humidity and precipitation.

Impact on Local Climate and Culture

The wind patterns in Quetzaltenango have a significant impact on the local climate and culture. The dry season winds provide a refreshing breeze, reducing humidity and making outdoor activities more enjoyable. The strong winds during the wet season, however, can cause discomfort and disruption, particularly during heavy rainstorms. The locals have adapted to these wind patterns by constructing windbreaks and seeking shelter during strong gusts. Kite flying is a popular pastime during the dry season, when the prevailing winds offer ideal conditions. Traditional festivals and celebrations often incorporate elements that reflect the city’s windy environment, such as kite competitions and wind-themed performances.

Dry Season (November – April)

Quetzaltenango, also known as Xela, experiences its dry season from November to April. During this time, the weather is generally pleasant with warm temperatures and low humidity. The skies are mostly clear, providing ample sunshine for outdoor activities. Visitors can expect average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C, making it an ideal time for exploring the city’s attractions, hiking the surrounding hills, and participating in outdoor events. The dry season also coincides with the city’s vibrant cultural festivals, including the famous Xela Fair in September and the Independence Day celebrations in September.

Wet Season (May – October)

The wet season in Quetzaltenango runs from May to October, bringing frequent rainfall to the region. However, the showers tend to be short-lived, often clearing within a few hours or less. Temperatures during the wet season remain moderate, ranging from 13°C to 23°C. While rainfall can make outdoor activities less enjoyable at times, it also provides a lush and verdant landscape. Visitors may encounter misty mornings and overcast skies, but there are still plenty of indoor attractions and activities to enjoy, such as visiting museums, attending cultural events, or relaxing in cozy cafes. The wet season can also bring discounts on accommodations and other services, making it a budget-friendly time to visit Quetzaltenango.

Potential and Challenges

Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, enjoys abundant sunlight throughout the year, making it a prime location for solar energy production. The city has a high demand for electricity, largely met by hydropower and fossil fuels. By harnessing solar energy, Quetzaltenango can reduce its reliance on imported energy sources and transition towards a more sustainable future. However, challenges exist, including intermittent sunlight, the need for large land areas for solar farms, and high upfront costs.

Implementation and Initiatives

To overcome these challenges, Quetzaltenango has implemented several initiatives. The city has partnered with private companies to establish solar farms in the surrounding areas. These farms contribute significantly to the city’s electricity supply, providing clean and renewable energy. Additionally, the government has introduced policies and incentives to encourage solar installations in homes and businesses. As a result, distributed solar systems, such as rooftop panels, are becoming increasingly common in the city.

General Topography

Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, is located in the Southern highlands of the country. It lies at an elevation of approximately 7,200 feet (2,200 meters) above sea level. The city is surrounded by the Cuchumatanes Mountains, which form a rugged and mountainous landscape. The region is characterized by steep slopes, deep valleys, and numerous rivers and streams. The city itself is situated in a valley formed by the Xequijel River, which flows through the center of Quetzaltenango.

Volcanic Activity

Quetzaltenango is located in a volcanic region, and there are several extinct volcanoes in the surrounding area. The most notable of these is Santa Maria Volcano, which is located approximately 25 kilometers (15 miles) southwest of the city. Santa Maria is an active volcano that has erupted numerous times over the centuries. The most recent eruption occurred in 1902 and was one of the largest and most destructive volcanic eruptions in Central American history.

Closest Airport to Quetzaltenango

The nearest airport to Quetzaltenango in Guatemala is Quetzaltenango Airport (AAZ), also known as Los Altos Airport or Xela Municipal Airport. It is located approximately 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) from the city center and serves as the main aerial gateway to the region. The airport is relatively small, with a single runway and a limited number of scheduled flights. It primarily caters to domestic flights within Guatemala and charter services.

Additional Airports

While Quetzaltenango Airport is the closest option, there are other airports within a reasonable driving distance. The second closest airport is Retalhuleu Airport (RER), located about 40 kilometers (25 miles) south of Quetzaltenango. It is a small airport that also mainly serves domestic flights. For international travelers, the nearest major airport is La Aurora International Airport (GUA) in Guatemala City. It is located approximately 210 kilometers (130 miles) from Quetzaltenango and offers a wider range of international and domestic flights. However, the travel time to and from Guatemala City should be taken into account when considering this option.

Urban Development and Transportation

Quetzaltenango is the second-largest city in Guatemala and the capital of the department of the same name. Located in the southwest of the country, it is a vibrant urban center with a rich cultural and historical heritage. The city boasts modern infrastructure, including well-maintained roads and an extensive public transportation system. Several universities, including the renowned Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, have campuses in Quetzaltenango, contributing to its reputation as an educational hub.

Cultural Attractions

Quetzaltenango is renowned for its cultural heritage and traditional festivals, particularly during Holy Week. Its historic center features colonial-era architecture, such as the stunning Catedral de Nuestra Señora de Dolores and the Casa de la Cultura. The city is home to several museums, including the Museo de Arqueología e Historia de Quetzaltenango, which showcases the region’s pre-Columbian and colonial past. Quetzaltenango is also known for its vibrant street market, where visitors can find local crafts, textiles, and produce.