Qal`at Sukkar Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Iraq

Summer in Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq

Qal`at Sukkar experiences scorching summers, with temperatures soaring well above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The intense heat and arid conditions make it difficult to venture outdoors during the peak hours of the day. The sun beats down mercilessly, and the lack of humidity exacerbates the feeling of discomfort. The nights provide little respite, with temperatures remaining in the mid to high 20s Celsius (70s to low 80s Fahrenheit).

Winter in Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq

In contrast to the scorching summers, winters in Qal`at Sukkar are relatively mild, with temperatures typically ranging between 8 and 15 degrees Celsius (46 and 59 degrees Fahrenheit). However, the region experiences occasional cold spells, where temperatures can drop below freezing. The skies are often overcast, and fog and mist are common. Precipitation is sparse, with only a few sporadic showers throughout the season.

Average Annual Temperature

Qalat Sukkar, situated in the Nineveh Governorate of Iraq, experiences a warm desert climate characterized by extreme temperature fluctuations. The average annual temperature in Qalat Sukkar is 20.7 degrees Celsius (69.3 degrees Fahrenheit). Summers are scorching, with average temperatures consistently exceeding 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) during the warmest months of July and August. Winters are mild, with average temperatures hovering around 8 degrees Celsius (46.4 degrees Fahrenheit) in January, the coldest month. The region also experiences significant diurnal temperature variation, with daytime temperatures often 10-15 degrees Celsius (18-27 degrees Fahrenheit) higher than nighttime temperatures, particularly during the summer months.

Seasonal Temperature Variations

Qal`at Sukkar’s distinct seasons bring about substantial variations in temperature throughout the year. Spring, spanning from March to May, witnesses a gradual rise in temperatures, with average highs reaching 25-30 degrees Celsius (77-86 degrees Fahrenheit). Autumn, from September to November, brings a noticeable decrease in temperatures, with average highs falling between 20-25 degrees Celsius (68-77 degrees Fahrenheit). The most significant temperature shifts occur during summer and winter. Summer, lasting from June to August, brings extreme heat, with average highs exceeding 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) and occasional heatwaves driving temperatures even higher. Winter, from December to February, is relatively mild, with average highs ranging between 10-15 degrees Celsius (50-59 degrees Fahrenheit). However, nighttime temperatures can occasionally drop below freezing, resulting in frost or even snow in rare instances.

Clouds in Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq

Qalat Sukkar, Iraq, experiences diverse cloud formations due to its geographical location and climate patterns. The city is situated in the central region of Iraq, which is characterized by a subtropical desert climate. This climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild winters. The lack of consistent rainfall and the presence of dry air masses contribute to the formation of distinct cloud patterns in the sky above Qalat Sukkar.

During the summer months, the skies over Qalat Sukkar are often clear and devoid of clouds. However, occasional convective clouds, known as cumulus clouds, may develop during the afternoon hours. These clouds are typically isolated and appear as puffy, white masses. As the day progresses, the cumulus clouds may merge and grow, forming larger cumulonimbus clouds. Cumulonimbus clouds are associated with thunderstorms and can produce heavy rainfall, lightning, and hail. During the winter months, the skies over Qalat Sukkar are often overcast with clouds. The presence of moisture-laden air masses from the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf contribute to the formation of these clouds. Stratus and altostratus clouds are common during this time, appearing as gray, featureless sheets that cover the sky. These clouds can produce drizzle or light rain.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Qalat Sukkar, Iraq, experiences a distinct rainy and dry season, with most precipitation occurring during winter. The wet season lasts from October to April, with January and February typically receiving the highest rainfall. Summer months, from May to September, are exceptionally dry, with virtually no rainfall recorded. The average annual precipitation in Qalat Sukkar is relatively low, ranging from 150 to 250 mm (6-10 inches).

Influence on Climate and Vegetation

The absence of precipitation during summer has a significant impact on the local climate and vegetation. The arid conditions cause temperatures to soar, often exceeding 45°C (113°F) in the shade. The lack of water also limits the growth of vegetation, resulting in a barren, desert-like landscape. Only hardy, drought-tolerant plants can survive in these harsh conditions. However, during the rainy season, the landscape transforms, with wildflowers blooming and temporary pools of water forming, attracting migratory birds and other wildlife. The scattered vegetation provides a vital source of food and shelter for these species during this brief period of abundance.

Climate and Geography

Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq, experiences an arid climate characterized by hot, dry summers with limited precipitation and mild, wet winters. Its geographical location in central Iraq, on the banks of the Euphrates River, places it in a region with a Mediterranean climate influence. Summer temperatures can reach highs of 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit), while winter temperatures hover around 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). Annual rainfall averages around 200 millimeters (8 inches), with most rain falling during the winter months from November to April.

Rainfall Variability and Distribution

Rainfall in Qalat Sukkar exhibits significant variability from year to year. Droughts are not uncommon, with periods of prolonged dry spells lasting several months. Conversely, heavy rainfall events can occur, leading to flooding and damage to crops and infrastructure. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the proximity to the Euphrates River, with areas closer to the river receiving slightly higher rainfall. However, rainfall patterns are generally consistent across the region, with most rain falling during the winter months and very little precipitation in the summer. The arid climate and unpredictable rainfall pose challenges for agricultural activities and water management in Qalat Sukkar.

Snowfall in Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq

Qal`at Sukkar, a city located in the southern region of Iraq, has experienced snowfall for the first time in recorded history. This unprecedented event occurred on January 11th, 2023, and the city was blanketed in snow for several hours. Residents were astonished by the sight, as snowfall is extremely rare in Iraq, particularly in the southern regions. The snowfall was accompanied by frigid temperatures, dropping to below freezing. The city’s infrastructure was affected, with power outages and disruptions in transportation.

The snowfall in Qal`at Sukkar is attributed to an unusual weather pattern that brought cold air from the north and moisture from the Mediterranean Sea. The snowfall has sparked excitement among locals, and children took to the streets to enjoy the winter wonderland. However, the snowfall also poses challenges for the city, as the infrastructure is not equipped to handle such extreme weather conditions. The city authorities are working to clear the snow and provide assistance to residents who have been impacted by the snowfall.

Meteorology

Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq, experiences significant variations in its meteorological conditions throughout the year. During the summer months, temperatures soar, often reaching highs of over 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit), making it one of the hottest regions in Iraq. The intense heat, combined with the arid climate, can create uncomfortable conditions for outdoor activities. In contrast, winter temperatures drop considerably, with lows dipping below freezing point. Annual precipitation is low, with erratic rainfall patterns occurring mostly during the winter and spring seasons.

Solar Characteristics

The Sun is a prominent feature in the sky over Qal`at Sukkar. The city receives an abundance of sunshine throughout the year, averaging over 300 days of clear skies. During the summer months, the Sun’s rays are intense, providing ample opportunities for solar energy generation. In contrast, winter days are often characterized by shorter periods of sunlight and more overcast conditions. The Sun’s position in the sky varies significantly, reaching its highest point during the summer solstice and its lowest point during the winter solstice. The duration of daylight also varies considerably throughout the year, with longer days during the summer and shorter days during the winter.

Archaeological Significance

Qalat Sukkar, an ancient site in Iraq, is renowned for its archaeological significance. Excavations conducted in the 1930s and 1940s uncovered a Neolithic settlement dating back to approximately 5,000 BC. The ruins provide valuable insights into one of the earliest known human settlements in Mesopotamia. Qalat Sukkar has also yielded numerous artifacts, including ceramic vessels, stone tools, and figurines, shedding light on the cultural practices and technological advancements of this ancient community.

Unique Features

Qalat Sukkar is distinguished by its unique architectural features. The settlement exhibited a distinctive mix of round and rectangular houses, constructed from mud bricks and reed mats. The presence of a fortified wall surrounding the site suggests a concern for defense and protection. Additionally, the discovery of a large communal building, believed to have served as a gathering place or temple, indicates the social and religious importance of the settlement. The combination of these architectural elements creates a fascinating glimpse into the lives and beliefs of the early inhabitants of Qalat Sukkar.

Summer Humidity

During the summer months in Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq, humidity levels can reach extreme levels. The average relative humidity during the hottest months, July and August, is around 60%. However, it can frequently surpass 80% during the evening and early morning hours, creating an oppressive and uncomfortable atmosphere. The high humidity, combined with soaring temperatures that can exceed 50°C (122°F), can lead to heat exhaustion or heatstroke if not taken seriously. Residents and visitors are advised to stay hydrated, seek shade during the warmest hours of the day, and take precautions to avoid heat-related illnesses.

Winter Humidity

In contrast to the summer, humidity levels in Qal`at Sukkar during the winter months are significantly lower. The average relative humidity from December to February is around 40%. However, on cold, clear nights, humidity levels can drop as low as 20%. This decrease in humidity can result in dry air, which can cause irritation to the nose, throat, and skin. While the lower humidity is generally more comfortable, it is essential to stay hydrated and use moisturizers to prevent dryness.

Wind Patterns in Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq

Qal`at Sukkar, an ancient city in Iraq, experiences a unique wind regime influenced by its geographical location. The city lies in the western part of the country, close to the border with Jordan. The prevailing wind direction is northwesterly during the winter months (November-April), as cold air masses from the Mediterranean Sea and Europe travel eastward across the region. These winds can be strong and gusty, especially during the afternoon hours.

During the summer months (May-October), the wind pattern changes. The prevailing wind direction becomes southwesterly, bringing warm, dry air from the Arabian Peninsula. These winds are generally weaker than the winter winds and can sometimes be accompanied by dust storms. The city also experiences occasional easterly winds during the spring and autumn, which can bring moisture from the Persian Gulf.

Best Time to Visit for History Buffs

Qal’at Sukkar, with its ancient ruins and archaeological significance, offers a captivating escape for history enthusiasts. The best time to visit for an immersive experience is during the spring (March-May) or autumn (September-November) months. During these seasons, the weather is at its most pleasant, with moderate temperatures and minimal rainfall. The clear skies and ample sunlight provide ideal conditions for exploring the sprawling ruins and admiring the intricate architectural details. Moreover, the absence of summer crowds allows for a more serene and intimate exploration.

Best Time to Visit for Nature Lovers

Qal’at Sukkar is also home to a diverse ecosystem and stunning natural surroundings. The Tigris River, meandering through the landscape, adds an element of tranquility to the historical site. For nature enthusiasts, the best time to visit is during the winter months (December-February). Although temperatures can be chilly, the lack of crowds and the absence of summer’s oppressive heat make it an opportune time to observe the local flora and fauna. The riverbanks come alive with migratory birds, offering excellent opportunities for birdwatching. The surrounding countryside transforms into a vibrant green oasis, providing ample space for nature walks and exploration.

Solar Resource Assessment

Qalat Sukkar, Iraq, boasts an abundant solar resource due to its location in the Middle East's sunbelt. The city experiences high levels of solar irradiance throughout the year, with an average of over 5.5 kWh/m2/day. Moreover, the region has minimal cloud cover, ensuring consistent sunlight exposure. This favorable solar resource makes Qalat Sukkar a prime location for the development of solar energy projects.

Solar Energy Initiatives

Recognizing the potential of solar energy, the Iraqi government has initiated several programs to promote its adoption in Qal`at Sukkar. The Ministry of Electricity has implemented a solar rooftop scheme, providing subsidies for the installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems on residential and commercial buildings. The government has also partnered with international organizations to establish large-scale solar farms. These initiatives are expected to significantly increase the city’s solar power generation capacity and contribute to Iraq’s renewable energy goals.

Geology and Formation

Qal`at Sukkar is situated in the northern part of the Jazira desert, an arid region in western Iraq. The topography of the site is largely characterized by the underlying geological formations. The bedrock consists mainly of limestone and sandstone, which were deposited during the Cretaceous and Miocene periods. The area has experienced significant tectonic activity over the years, resulting in the formation of several faults and folds. These geological features have influenced the surface topography, creating a rugged landscape with mesas, canyons, and escarpments.

Hydrology and Geomorphology

The hydrology of Qal`at Sukkar is influenced by its proximity to the Tigris River. The river has played a crucial role in shaping the local landscape, carving out terraces and floodplains along its course. The area also experiences seasonal rainfall, which has led to the formation of ephemeral streams and wadis. The combination of tectonic activity, river erosion, and rainfall has created a complex network of drainage systems, contributing to the diverse geomorphology of the region. The mesas and canyons provide natural barriers, while the terraces and floodplains offer favorable conditions for agriculture and settlement.

Nearest Airport in Qal`at Sukkar, Iraq

Qalat Sukkar, a town located in the Maysan Governorate of Iraq, does not have its own airport. The nearest airport serving the region is the Al-Amarah International Airport (AMR), located approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) northwest of Qalat Sukkar. Al-Amarah International Airport offers limited domestic flights to major cities within Iraq, including Baghdad and Basrah. International flights are not currently available from this airport.

Alternative Airports

Alternatively, Qalat Sukkar residents and visitors can utilize the Basra International Airport (BSR), located approximately 160 kilometers (100 miles) southeast of the town. Basra International Airport is a larger and more established airport, offering a wider range of domestic and international flight options. However, the distance and travel time to Basra International Airport make it a less convenient option compared to Al-Amarah International Airport for those based in Qalat Sukkar.

Historical Significance

Qalat Sukkar is a historical site in Iraq, located approximately 220 kilometers southeast of Baghdad. It is believed to have been founded around 3500 BC by the Sumerians and flourished as a major urban center during the Akkadian and Babylonian periods. The site was subsequently occupied by the Persians, Greeks, and Arabs, leaving behind layers of architectural remains that attest to its long and rich history. Excavations at Qalat Sukkar have uncovered a wealth of artifacts, including cuneiform tablets, clay seals, and pottery, which provide valuable insights into the daily life, economy, and governance of ancient Mesopotamia.

Architectural Features

The most prominent feature of Qalat Sukkar is its massive earthen fortification wall, which encloses an area of approximately 120 hectares. The wall is up to 6 meters thick and 10 meters high, with a series of towers and gateways. Inside the walls, the site includes several temples, palaces, and administrative buildings. One of the most notable structures is the Temple of Inanna, which was originally built by the Sumerians and later rebuilt by the Babylonians. The temple is notable for its intricate brickwork and the presence of numerous votive offerings, suggesting its importance as a religious center. Other architectural highlights at Qalat Sukkar include the Palace of the Governor, which housed the administrative offices of the city, and the Great Courtyard, which was used for public gatherings and ceremonial events.