Qal`at Bishah Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Saudi Arabia

Temperature

Qal`at Bishah experiences a hot desert climate, characterized by extremely hot and dry summers and mild winters. During the summer months (June through September), temperatures soar to an average maximum of 45°C (113°F), with scorching days and warm nights. The humidity levels drop significantly, making the heat feel even more intense. Conversely, winter nights can be chilly, with temperatures dipping to an average minimum of 8°C (46°F). January is typically the coldest month, while July and August are the hottest.

Precipitation

Rainfall in Qal`at Bishah is scarce and sporadic, with an average annual precipitation of just 50mm (2 inches). Most of the precipitation occurs during the winter months (December to February), with occasional thunderstorms bringing brief periods of rainfall. The summer months are virtually rainless, with the sky remaining clear and cloudless. The lack of rainfall contributes to the aridity of the region, making it difficult for vegetation to thrive. However, the humidity levels do tend to increase slightly during the winter months, providing some relief from the dry heat.

Summer Temperatures in Qal`at Bishah, Saudi Arabia

The summer season in Qal`at Bishah is extremely hot and dry. Temperatures soar to extreme highs, with the average maximum temperature in July reaching a sweltering 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit). The heat is relentless, as the region experiences minimal rainfall and humidity levels drop to their lowest. During the day, the sun beats down mercilessly, making it almost unbearable to venture outdoors for extended periods. Evenings provide little relief, with temperatures remaining above 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) and the air feeling thick and oppressive.

Winter Temperatures in Qal`at Bishah, Saudi Arabia

In contrast to the scorching summer temperatures, Qal`at Bishah experiences relatively mild winters. Average temperatures during the winter months typically range from 15 to 20 degrees Celsius (59 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit). While these temperatures may seem pleasant, it’s important to note that the nights can be significantly cooler. Temperatures can drop to around 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) after sunset, and during the coldest months, such as January and February, sub-zero temperatures are not uncommon. It’s also worth mentioning that while rainfall is still scarce during winter, it is more frequent compared to the summer months.

Cloud Formation in Qal`at Bishah

Qal`at Bishah, a region in Saudi Arabia, experiences diverse cloud formations due to its unique geographical location and atmospheric conditions. The region’s arid climate and proximity to the Red Sea create a dynamic interplay of dry desert air and moist maritime air, leading to the formation of various cloud types.

During the dry season, clear skies dominate as the lack of moisture in the atmosphere prevents cloud formation. However, during the winter months, Qal`at Bishah experiences sporadic precipitation and increased humidity, resulting in the development of cloud systems. The most common type of cloud observed is cirrus, characterized by thin, wispy strands of ice crystals. As humidity levels rise, cumulus clouds emerge, appearing as puffy, cotton-like formations. These clouds can sometimes develop into larger, anvil-shaped cumulonimbus clouds, bringing showers or even thunderstorms to the region.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Qal’at Bishah, located in southern Saudi Arabia, experiences a hot desert climate with extremely low precipitation throughout the year. The annual average rainfall is a mere 25 mm (less than 1 inch). Precipitation is highly sporadic and unpredictable, with most falling during the winter months from November to March. These sporadic rainfall events tend to be intense but short-lived, and they can often cause flash flooding in the arid landscape.

Seasonal Variations

Summer months in Qal’at Bishah are extremely hot and dry, with temperatures soaring above 40°C (104°F). Precipitation is virtually nonexistent during this time, and the air is typically dry and dusty. As autumn approaches, temperatures gradually cool, and the likelihood of rainfall increases slightly. Winter months bring the highest chance of precipitation, though it remains infrequent and unpredictable. The average temperature during winter ranges from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F), with occasional cold spells where temperatures can drop below 10°C (50°F). Spring in Qal’at Bishah is generally dry, with sporadic rainfall occurring less frequently than in winter.

Rainfall Patterns

Qalat Bishah, located in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, experiences an arid climate with minimal rainfall throughout the year. The city is situated in a rain shadow region created by the Asir Mountains, which block moisture-laden clouds from reaching the area. Consequently, Qalat Bishah receives an average annual rainfall of only 40 millimeters (1.6 inches). The vast majority of this rainfall occurs during the winter months, from November to April, when sporadic showers may bring a few millimeters of precipitation.

Seasonal Variability

The rainfall pattern in Qal`at Bishah exhibits significant seasonal variability. During the hot summer months, from May to October, rainfall is virtually non-existent. The city experiences clear skies and extremely low humidity levels, with temperatures often reaching 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher. Conversely, during the winter months, the city experiences occasional rainfall due to the passage of weak weather fronts. These fronts occasionally bring light showers or drizzle, but significant rainfall events are rare.

Rare Snowfall in Qal`at Bishah

Qal`at Bishah, a city located in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, witnessed an extraordinary snowfall on January 2, 2023. The unexpected snowfall, which lasted for several hours, blanketed the city and its surrounding mountains in a thick layer of white. Residents and visitors alike were thrilled to capture the rare sight of snow in the desert climate, taking to social media to share their joy and amazement.

Impact of the Snowfall

The snowfall brought both delight and disruption to Qal`at Bishah. While the snowfall created a picturesque winter wonderland, it also led to localized power outages and hindered traffic, with some roads becoming impassible due to the accumulation of snow. Some residents reported experiencing delays in their daily routines, while others used the opportunity to enjoy the snowy landscape with outdoor activities such as sledding and snow fights. The snowfall also raised concerns about the well-being of livestock and wildlife in the area.

Sun Profile

Qal`at Bishah, Saudi Arabia experiences significant sunshine throughout the year. The average daily sunshine hours range from 7 to 12 hours, with the highest levels occurring during the summer months (May to September). During this time, the sun can be quite intense, reaching an average maximum UV index of 11. It is important to take precautions during these months, such as wearing sunscreen, sunglasses, and protective clothing.

Optimal Times for Sunlight Exposure

The optimal times for sunlight exposure in Qal`at Bishah are typically during the early morning or late afternoon hours. During these times, the sun’s rays are less intense and more beneficial for vitamin D synthesis. However, it is still important to avoid prolonged exposure during these hours, especially during the summer months. Additionally, it is crucial to seek shade during the peak sun hours (10 am to 4 pm) to prevent sunburn and heatstroke. By following these guidelines, residents and visitors can safely enjoy the abundant sunshine while optimizing their vitamin D levels.

Visibility and Observation

The moon’s visibility in Qal`at Bishah, Saudi Arabia, varies throughout the lunar cycle. During the new moon phase, the moon is not visible as it lies between the Earth and the sun. As the moon waxes, it gradually becomes more visible as a crescent shape. The full moon phase occurs when the entire moon is illuminated and faces the Earth. During this phase, the moon is most visible and appears as a bright, circular disk in the night sky. The moon’s position in the sky also changes depending on the time of night and the season of the year. Generally, the moon rises in the east and sets in the west, following the sun’s path.

Cultural Significance

The moon holds significant cultural and religious importance in Qal`at Bishah and Saudi Arabia as a whole. The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, with months beginning and ending based on the phases of the moon. The start of the holy month of Ramadan, for example, is determined by the sighting of the new moon. Additionally, the moon serves as a guide for timekeeping, navigation, and agricultural practices. In traditional Arabian culture, the moon’s phases have been used to predict weather patterns, agricultural cycles, and important events. The moon’s appearance and position in the sky have played a crucial role in shaping cultural practices and beliefs in the region for centuries.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Qal`at Bishah, located in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity. During the dry winter months (November to April), humidity levels are generally low, averaging around 25-30%. The dry and cool air during this time of the year reduces the amount of moisture in the atmosphere.

Summer Humidity

In contrast to the dry winters, summers in Qal`at Bishah witness a marked increase in humidity. The monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean bring in significant moisture, which leads to an average humidity of around 50-60% from May to October. These high humidity levels are often accompanied by increased dew point temperatures, resulting in a more oppressive and uncomfortable atmosphere.

Wind Patterns and Variability

Qal`at Bishah is located in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, where wind patterns are predominantly influenced by the seasonal monsoon winds. During the summer months (May to September), the southwest monsoon brings moisture-rich winds from the Indian Ocean, resulting in higher wind speeds and occasional thunderstorms. In contrast, during the winter months (November to March), the northeast monsoon brings dry and stable air, leading to calmer winds and clear skies.

Wind Characteristics and Impacts

The average wind speed in Qal`at Bishah ranges from 10 to 15 kilometers per hour throughout the year. However, wind speeds can occasionally reach up to 30 kilometers per hour during the summer months. The prevailing wind direction is from the southwest during the summer and from the northeast during the winter. These wind patterns are not only important for local weather conditions but also have a significant impact on the surrounding environment. The strong winds during the summer contribute to the formation of sand dunes and can also cause dust storms. Additionally, the winds assist in the dispersal of seeds and pollen, influencing the local plant life and biodiversity.

Optimal Weather Conditions:

The best time to visit Qal`at Bishah is during the winter months from November to March. During this period, the weather is mild and pleasant, with daytime temperatures ranging from the low to mid-50s Fahrenheit (10-15 degrees Celsius). Nights are slightly cooler, with temperatures dropping to the low 40s Fahrenheit (5-10 degrees Celsius). The reduced humidity and clear skies provide ideal conditions for outdoor activities such as exploring the ancient ruins, hiking in the surrounding mountains, and enjoying the city’s vibrant markets.

Cultural Events and Festivals:

In addition to favorable weather conditions, winter is also when Qal`at Bishah hosts various cultural events and festivals. The annual Bishah Camel Festival, held in January or February, is a popular attraction that showcases the region’s rich Bedouin culture. Visitors can witness traditional camel races, beauty contests, and auctions, as well as experience authentic Bedouin hospitality. Other events held during this period include the Bishah Heritage Festival, which celebrates the city’s history and traditions with live performances, crafts demonstrations, and historical exhibitions.

Solar Potential and Resources

Qal`at Bishah, located in Saudi Arabia’s southwestern region, boasts significant solar potential due to its extensive desert and arid landscape. The city receives high solar irradiance throughout the year, with peak hours occurring during the summer months. The average daily solar radiation ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 kWh/m², making it an ideal location for solar energy harvesting. Additionally, the flat topography and low elevation provide favorable conditions for the construction and operation of large-scale solar projects.

Current and Future Solar Energy Initiatives

To harness this solar potential, several initiatives are underway in Qal`at Bishah. The Saudi government has designated the region as a hub for solar energy development and investment. The Sakaka Solar Power Plant, one of the largest solar plants in the world, is located nearby. This 1.5-gigawatt facility generates electricity using photovoltaic technology, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and contributing to the country’s clean energy goals. Moreover, local authorities are exploring the installation of rooftop solar panels on residential and commercial buildings, empowering citizens to participate in renewable energy production and reduce their energy consumption.

Al-Baha Plateau

Qal`at Bishah is situated amidst the breathtaking Al-Baha Plateau, an elevated region characterized by stunning rock formations, rolling hills, and picturesque valleys. The plateau forms a natural boundary between the Tihama coastal plain to the west and the Asir Mountains to the east. This unique topography offers a captivating blend of rugged landscapes and fertile agricultural areas.

Rugged Mountain Landscape

The region surrounding Qal`at Bishah features a diverse and rugged mountain landscape. The Asir Mountains, rising to the east, provide a dramatic backdrop with their towering peaks and steep slopes. These mountains are composed of ancient gneiss and granite and have been shaped by millions of years of erosion and uplift. The mountains play a crucial role in the local climate and ecosystems, providing crucial water sources and supporting a diverse array of flora and fauna.

Bishah International Airport (BHH)

Bishah International Airport (IATA: BHH, ICAO: OEBS) is the primary airport serving Qal’at Bishah, the capital city of the Asir Province in Saudi Arabia. It is located approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) southeast of the city center. The airport has a single runway that is 3,200 meters (10,500 feet) long and 45 meters (148 feet) wide. The airport serves as a gateway to the Asir region, which is known for its rugged mountains, agricultural valleys, and traditional cultural heritage.

Bishah International Airport offers scheduled domestic flights to major cities in Saudi Arabia, including Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. The airport is also served by seasonal international charter flights to destinations such as Cairo, Egypt; Amman, Jordan; and Beirut, Lebanon. The airport has a modern terminal building with a capacity to handle up to 3 million passengers annually. Amenities at the airport include duty-free shops, restaurants, and a business center.

Geographical Setting and Demographics

Qalat Bishah is a city located in the Asir region of southwestern Saudi Arabia. It serves as the capital of Bishah Governorate and is situated approximately 450 kilometers south of Riyadh, the country's capital. The city lies in a mountainous area at an elevation of around 1,500 meters, offering a breathtaking landscape of towering peaks and fertile valleys. Qalat Bishah has a population of approximately 350,000, making it one of the largest cities in the Asir region. Its strategic location at the crossroads of several major trade routes has contributed to its economic and cultural significance throughout history.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Qalat Bishah's name translates to "Fortress of Bishah" and traces its origins back to the 17th century. It served as a fortified stronghold during the reign of the Asir tribe. The city has played a pivotal role in the region's history, having been a center of commerce and pilgrimage for centuries. Qalat Bishah boasts several historical landmarks, including the iconic Qalat Bishah Fort, which stands as a testament to the city's rich past. The fort is situated atop a mountain overlooking the city and offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Qalat Bishah is also known for its vibrant cultural heritage, showcasing traditional Saudi Arabian architecture, crafts, and folk arts.