Planaltina Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Brazil

Temperature and Precipitation

Planaltina, located in Brazil’s central-western region, experiences a tropical climate with two distinct seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. During the dry season (May to October), temperatures are typically warm, with average highs in the mid-80s Fahrenheit (29 Celsius) and lows in the mid-60s (18 Celsius). Precipitation is scarce during this period, with occasional thunderstorms.

The rainy season (November to April) brings ample rainfall to Planaltina, with heavy showers and occasional thunderstorms. Temperatures remain relatively stable, with average highs in the mid-80s and lows in the mid-70s (24 Celsius). The most rainfall is concentrated during the wettest months of December, January, and February, when precipitation can exceed 10 inches (250 millimeters).

Sunshine and Humidity

Planaltina enjoys abundant sunshine throughout the year, with an average of seven to eight hours of sunlight per day. Humidity levels are generally moderate to high, especially during the rainy season. However, during the dry season, the air becomes drier, and humidity levels drop. These drier conditions can lead to occasional fog or haze in the early morning hours.

Average Temperatures Throughout the Year

Planaltina, a municipality in the Federal District of Brazil, experiences tropical savanna weather with two distinct seasons: a wet season and a dry season. The average temperature throughout the year remains relatively consistent, ranging from 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) to 24 degrees Celsius (75 degrees Fahrenheit). January, February, and December are the hottest months, with average temperatures reaching 24 degrees Celsius (75 degrees Fahrenheit). During these months, the city experiences high humidity and frequent rainfall.

Seasonal Variations and Extreme Temperatures

The wet season typically lasts from October to March, bringing heavy rainfall and occasional thunderstorms. During this period, Planaltina receives an average of 700 millimeters (27.5 inches) of precipitation. The dry season extends from April to September and is characterized by less precipitation and lower humidity. Temperatures remain pleasant throughout the dry season, averaging around 22 degrees Celsius (72 degrees Fahrenheit). Extreme temperatures are rare in Planaltina, with the lowest recorded temperature being 11 degrees Celsius (52 degrees Fahrenheit) and the highest recorded temperature being 33 degrees Celsius (91 degrees Fahrenheit).

Cloud Types and Precipitation

Planaltina, Brazil, experiences various cloud types throughout the year. During the dry season, the skies are often clear or partly cloudy. However, during the rainy season, which typically lasts from October to April, the city sees an increase in cloudiness. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy appearance, are common during the morning hours. As the day progresses, these clouds may develop into cumulonimbus clouds, which can bring heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. Cirrus clouds, which are thin and wispy, are often present in the upper atmosphere.

Factors Influencing Cloud Formation

Cloud formation in Planaltina is influenced by several factors, including temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. The city’s location on the Brazilian Plateau contributes to its moderate climate, with warm temperatures and high humidity levels. These conditions provide an environment favorable for cloud formation. The ascent of warm, moist air leads to condensation and the formation of clouds. Orographic lifting, where air is forced upward by terrain features such as mountains, also contributes to cloud development in Planaltina. The city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the Amazon rainforest further influences cloud formation, as moisture-laden air from these areas can contribute to cloudiness.

Monthly Precipitation Variability

Planaltina exhibits a distinct seasonal precipitation pattern characterized by a wet season from October to April and a dry season from May to September. During the wet season, monthly precipitation typically exceeds 150 millimeters, with January and February receiving the highest amounts. Conversely, precipitation during the dry season is significantly reduced, often falling below 50 millimeters. This variability is attributed to the seasonal movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which brings moisture-laden air and rainfall to Planaltina during the summer months.

Annual Precipitation Trends

Long-term precipitation data for Planaltina show that annual precipitation has fluctuated over the past several decades. While the average annual precipitation is approximately 1,200 millimeters, there have been periods of both above-average and below-average rainfall. In recent years, Planaltina has experienced a slight increase in precipitation, with several years receiving over 1,300 millimeters of rainfall. This trend may be related to global climate change and the associated changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. However, more data and research are needed to determine the long-term significance of this observed increase.

Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Rainfall in Planaltina, Brazil, exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. The wet season typically spans from November to April, with the heaviest rainfall occurring during the summer months of December to February. During this period, the city experiences frequent thunderstorms and heavy downpours, resulting in substantial monthly rainfall totals that often exceed 200 millimeters (8 inches). In contrast, the dry season lasts from May to October, when rainfall becomes scarce, and monthly totals often fall below 50 millimeters (2 inches). The driest month is typically August, with average rainfall of less than 15 millimeters (0.6 inches).

Annual Rainfall Variability

The annual rainfall in Planaltina varies considerably from year to year, influenced by factors such as El Niño and La Niña weather patterns. During El Niño years, the city tends to receive below-average rainfall, leading to drought conditions and water shortages. Conversely, La Niña years often bring above-average rainfall, resulting in increased flooding and landslides. In recent decades, Planaltina has experienced several severe droughts, most notably in 2014-2017, when the city faced water rationing and agricultural losses. The city has also experienced several significant floods, including the catastrophic floods of 2001 and 2016, which caused widespread damage and displacement.

Snowfall in Planaltina, Brazil

In Planaltina, Brazil, snowfall is an extremely rare and extraordinary event. The city, located in the central region of the country, typically experiences a warm and humid climate throughout the year. However, on rare occasions, cold fronts from the South Pole can penetrate into Planaltina, bringing with them frigid temperatures and the possibility of snowfall.

The most recent snowfall in Planaltina occurred on July 2, 2019. As a strong cold front passed through the region, temperatures plummeted below freezing, and snow began to fall. The snowfall lasted for several hours, and by morning, a thin layer of snow had accumulated on the ground. Residents and tourists alike were delighted by the unexpected sight, and many took to the streets to capture the moment on camera. While the snowfall was short-lived, it was a memorable experience for all who witnessed it.

Sunshine Duration

Planaltina, located in the Federal District of Brazil, experiences abundant sunshine throughout the year. The city receives an average of 2,760 sunshine hours annually, with the sunniest months being September through April. During this period, Planaltina enjoys an average of 10-12 hours of sunshine per day. The sun’s intensity reaches its peak in December and January, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and soaking up the warmth.

Solar Radiation

The high sunshine duration in Planaltina results in significant solar radiation levels. The city receives an average of 5.5-6.0 kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m²) of solar radiation daily. This abundant solar energy has led to the development of several solar power projects in the area. In addition to renewable energy production, the intense solar radiation also contributes to the city’s warm and sunny climate, making it a popular destination for tourists and residents alike.

Observations and Sky Conditions

The Moon, Earth’s celestial companion, appears in different phases throughout the month as it orbits the planet. In Planaltina, Brazil, the Moon’s visibility and appearance vary depending on the time of year and night. During new moon phases, the Moon is not visible as it is located between the Earth and the Sun. As the Moon waxes, it gradually becomes more visible in the evening sky, appearing as a crescent or half-moon. During full moon phases, the Moon is fully illuminated and visible throughout the night.

Moonrise and Moonset Times

The times of moonrise and moonset in Planaltina, Brazil, vary daily and throughout the year. Moonrise generally occurs in the early evening, while moonset happens in the early morning. The exact times depend on factors such as the Moon’s phase, the observer’s location, and the time of year. Moonrise and moonset times can be determined using astronomical almanacs or mobile applications designed for stargazing and astronomy enthusiasts.

Humidity Patterns

Planaltina, Brazil experiences distinct humidity patterns throughout the year. During the rainy season from October to March, relative humidity levels soar, reaching an average of 80-90%. The moisture-saturated atmosphere is a result of frequent rainfall and high temperatures, creating a humid and muggy climate. Conversely, during the dry season from April to September, humidity levels drop significantly, averaging around 50-60%. The cooler and drier conditions make for a more comfortable environment, with less oppressive humidity.

Seasonal Variations

The seasonal variations in humidity in Planaltina are primarily driven by the region’s tropical climate. The high humidity during the rainy season is caused by the influx of moisture-laden air masses from the Amazon rainforest to the north. These air masses condense and release precipitation, resulting in humidity levels that reach their peak. During the dry season, on the other hand, the prevailing trade winds bring drier air from the south, leading to a decrease in humidity. As a result, the climate in Planaltina alternates between periods of high and low humidity, creating contrasting weather conditions throughout the year.

Surface Wind Patterns

Planaltina, Brazil, experiences a distinct pattern of surface winds due to its geographical location and topography. The city lies within the South American Lowland, characterized by a gently sloping terrain. The dominant wind direction is easterly, bringing warm and moist air from the Atlantic Ocean. These easterly winds are known locally as the “Trade Winds” and typically prevail during the year. However, during the summer months (December to February), when the South Atlantic subtropical high-pressure cell intensifies, northeasterly winds become more frequent, bringing increased humidity and precipitation.

Upper-Level Wind Patterns

The upper-level wind patterns over Planaltina are influenced by the prevailing atmospheric circulation in the region. During the austral summer, the subtropical jet stream, a narrow band of strong westerly winds, shifts southward and passes over southern Brazil. This jet stream can induce strong southwesterly winds in the upper levels of the atmosphere above Planaltina. These upper-level winds are typically dry and stable, often resulting in clear and sunny conditions. In contrast, during the austral winter, the subtropical jet stream weakens and shifts northward, resulting in a more easterly flow in the upper atmosphere over Planaltina. This easterly flow often brings increased cloudiness and precipitation due to its interaction with low-level moisture.

Best Time to Visit Planaltina, Brazil

Planaltina, nestled in the central region of Brazil, offers a pleasant climate year-round. However, the most optimal time to visit is during the dry season, which spans from March to September. During these months, the weather is mostly sunny with minimal rainfall, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, exploring nature trails, and swimming. Temperatures during the dry season typically range from the mid to high 60s (Fahrenheit) at night to the mid to high 80s during the day.

The wet season in Planaltina, which lasts from October to February, brings with it increased precipitation, making it a less favorable time for outdoor exploration. Although temperatures remain warm, the frequent rainfall can make sightseeing or hiking uncomfortable or impractical. Additionally, the humidity levels rise significantly during the wet season, creating a more muggy and sticky environment.

Solar Energy Potential

Planaltina, Brazil boasts exceptional solar energy potential due to its location in the sun-rich central region of the country. The area experiences high levels of solar radiation throughout the year, with average daily insolation values exceeding 5.5 kWh/m2. This favorable climate makes solar energy a viable and abundant clean energy source for the city.

Solar Energy Development

In recent years, the development of solar energy in Planaltina has gained significant momentum. The government has implemented incentive programs to encourage the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and private companies have invested in large-scale solar projects. As a result, the city has witnessed a surge in the installation of rooftop solar panels and utility-scale solar farms. These projects have increased the city’s solar energy generation capacity and contributed to its sustainability goals.

Topography of Planaltina, Brazil

Planaltina is a city located in the central region of Brazil, approximately 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the capital, Brasília. The topography of Planaltina is characterized by rolling hills and plateaus, interspersed with valleys and rivers. The predominant geological formation is sandstone, which has been eroded over time by the action of water and wind, creating a rugged and picturesque landscape. Rocky outcrops and cliffs are also common features of the region, adding to its scenic beauty.

The highest point in Planaltina is the Pico do Planalto, which rises to an elevation of 1,460 meters (4,790 ft) above sea level. Other notable hills and plateaus in the area include the Serra do Sobradinho, the Serra do Cocal and the Chapada dos Veadeiros. These geological formations provide panoramic views of the surrounding countryside and are popular destinations for hiking, rock climbing and nature appreciation. The valleys and rivers of Planaltina, such as the Rio São Bartolomeu and the Rio Preto, are vital water sources for the region and support a diverse ecosystem of flora and fauna.

Brasília International Airport (BSB)

Brasília International Airport (BSB) is the nearest airport to Planaltina, Brazil. It is situated approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) away from the city center and offers both domestic and international flights. The airport is well-connected to major Brazilian cities, including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Belo Horizonte, as well as international destinations such as Buenos Aires, Lisbon, and Miami. BSB handles a significant volume of passenger traffic, making it a convenient and accessible gateway for travelers arriving in or departing from the Planaltina region.

Other Nearby Airports

While Brasília International Airport is the most convenient option for air travel to Planaltina, there are a few other airports located in nearby cities that may also be feasible. Santa Genoveva Airport (GYN), located in Goiânia, is approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) from Planaltina. It serves a smaller number of destinations compared to BSB, primarily focusing on domestic flights within Brazil. Additionally, Rio Verde Airport (RVD), situated in Rio Verde, is approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) from Planaltina. It offers a limited selection of flights, mainly connecting to other Brazilian cities such as São Paulo and Goiânia. The availability of flights and the distance to Planaltina should be considered when selecting the most suitable airport for your travel needs.

Location and Geography

Planaltina is a city and municipality located in the Federal District of Brazil, approximately 30 kilometers northeast of the capital, Brasília. It is situated on the eastern bank of the Paranoá River and is surrounded by rolling hills, forests, and agricultural lands. The municipality has a total area of 2,815 square kilometers, making it the largest in the Federal District. Planaltina’s terrain varies from flat areas along the riverbanks to undulating hills and plateaus in the interior. The city of Planaltina, the municipal seat, is located near the Paranoá River and is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of the municipality.

History and Culture

Planaltina was founded in 1739 by gold prospector João Gonçalves Portella and was originally known as Arraial dos Couros. It played a strategic role in the expansion of Portuguese settlement into the interior of Brazil and became a major center for cattle ranching. In the early 20th century, Planaltina experienced significant growth due to the construction of Brasília and the influx of workers and settlers. The city became a municipality in 1960 and has since continued to grow and develop. Planaltina has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by its history, geography, and proximity to Brasília. The city is known for its traditional festivals, music, and handicrafts. It is also home to several historical sites and landmarks, including the Church of Nossa Senhora do Carmo, which dates back to the 18th century.