Phnom Penh Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Cambodia

Climate

Phnom Penh experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by two distinct seasons: a wet season and a dry season. The wet season lasts from May to November, bringing heavy rainfall and high humidity. During this time, temperatures typically range from 22°C to 33°C (72°F to 91°F). The dry season, from November to April, is much drier with average temperatures between 24°C to 35°C (75°F to 95°F).

Average Weather Year Round

January and February: Dry and sunny with temperatures ranging from 24°C to 32°C (75°F to 90°F).

March and April: Beginning of the hot season, with temperatures rising and humidity increasing. Average temperatures range from 26°C to 35°C (79°F to 95°F).

May to October: Monsoon season with heavy rainfall and high humidity. Temperatures range from 22°C to 35°C (72°F to 95°F). Rainfall is heaviest in August and September.

November and December: Transition period with decreasing rainfall and increasing sunshine. Temperatures remain warm, ranging from 24°C to 32°C (75°F to 90°F).

Seasonal Variation of Average Temperature

Phnom Penh experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature. The hottest months are April and May, with average temperatures soaring to around 33°C (91°F). During this time, the city can experience scorching days with temperatures occasionally exceeding 40°C (104°F). The monsoon season, which typically runs from May to October, brings cooler temperatures and increased humidity. The average temperature during this period ranges from 27°C (81°F) to 30°C (86°F).

Long-Term Climate Trends

Over the past few decades, Phnom Penh has witnessed a gradual increase in average temperatures. This trend is attributed to the effects of climate change, which has resulted in a warmer global climate. The city’s average annual temperature has risen by approximately 1°C (1.8°F) since the early 1960s. The rise in temperatures has been particularly pronounced during the hottest months of the year, contributing to an increase in heat-related discomfort and health risks for residents.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation in Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh, the bustling capital of Cambodia, experiences a distinct tropical climate with abundant rainfall throughout the year. Cloud formation plays a crucial role in shaping the city’s weather patterns and precipitation levels. During the wet season from May to October, the sky is often adorned with thick, towering cumulonimbus clouds, which bring heavy rainfall. These clouds are characterized by their anvil-shaped tops and can reach heights of several kilometers. The frequent presence of cumulonimbus clouds during this period results in heavy downpours and thunderstorms, contributing significantly to Phnom Penh’s annual precipitation of over 1,500 millimeters.

In contrast, during the dry season from November to April, the skies tend to be clearer with less cloud cover. Although precipitation does occur occasionally, it is generally lighter and more sporadic. Cirrus clouds, which are thin, wispy clouds made of ice crystals, often dominate the sky during this season. These clouds are typically found at high altitudes and do not produce significant rainfall. However, they can sometimes indicate the approach of a weather front or a change in atmospheric conditions. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy, cauliflower-like appearance, are also common during the dry season. These clouds form at low altitudes and generally do not produce precipitation unless they develop further into larger cloud formations.

Precipitation Patterns

Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, experiences a pronounced wet and dry season due to the influence of the tropical monsoon climate. The wet season typically spans from May to October, bringing heavy rainfall to the city. During this period, the city receives an average of 200-300 mm of rain per month, with peak rainfall occurring in August and September. The dry season, from November to April, is characterized by significantly less precipitation. Monthly rainfall during this period typically ranges from 10-50 mm, with the driest months being December and January.

Impact of Precipitation

The heavy rainfall during the wet season can have a significant impact on Phnom Penh. Urban flooding is a common occurrence, particularly in low-lying areas of the city. The accumulation of rainwater can disrupt transportation and infrastructure, and pose health risks due to the spread of waterborne diseases. The wet season also brings relief from the high temperatures that prevail throughout the year. The rain showers provide a cooling effect and make the weather more comfortable. However, the extended periods of heavy rainfall can also lead to agricultural losses and damage to property.

Distribution of Rainfall in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Phnom Penh experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. The majority of the annual precipitation, averaging around 1,300 mm, occurs during the wet season, which typically lasts from May to October. The months of September and October receive the heaviest rainfall, with an average of over 200 mm each. The dry season, from November to April, is characterized by significantly less rainfall, with monthly averages often below 30 mm. During this period, Phnom Penh experiences occasional showers and dry spells.

Inter-Annual Variability of Rainfall in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

The annual rainfall in Phnom Penh exhibits significant inter-annual variability. Over the past several decades, the city has experienced both exceptionally wet and dry years. For instance, in 2013, Phnom Penh received a record-breaking 2,115 mm of rainfall, while in 2019, it received only 765 mm. These extreme variations in rainfall can impact water availability for various purposes, such as drinking, agriculture, and hydropower generation. Additionally, heavy rainfall events can lead to urban flooding, causing damage to infrastructure and disrupting daily life.

Historical Context

Snowfall in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, is a rare and unprecedented phenomenon. The city is located in a tropical climate zone and has never experienced snowfall in recorded history. The average temperature in Phnom Penh ranges from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius (77 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit) throughout the year, making snowfall highly unlikely.

Climatic Factors

Snowfall requires specific atmospheric conditions, including low temperatures, high humidity, and the presence of ice crystals in the air. Phnom Penh’s tropical climate does not provide these conditions. The city experiences only two distinct seasons: the dry season from November to April and the rainy season from May to October. During the dry season, temperatures can drop to around 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit) at night, but these temperatures are still too high to support snowfall. The high humidity and lack of ice crystal formation in the air further prevent the formation of snow in Phnom Penh.

Average Sunshine Hours

The average number of sunshine hours in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, varies throughout the year. During the dry season, which lasts from November to April, the city experiences ample sunshine, with daily averages ranging from 6 to 9 hours. January and February are the sunniest months, receiving approximately 8-9 hours of sunshine per day.

During the wet season, which runs from May to October, cloud cover and rainfall reduce the number of sunshine hours. July and August are the cloudiest months, with daily averages of 4-5 hours of sunshine. However, even during the wet season, there are occasional days with clear skies and abundant sunshine.

Seasonal Variations

The seasonal variations in sunshine hours in Phnom Penh are primarily influenced by the monsoon winds. During the dry season, the prevailing winds come from the northeast, bringing clear and sunny weather. In contrast, during the wet season, the southwest monsoon winds bring moisture and precipitation, leading to increased cloud cover and reduced sunshine.

The transition between the dry and wet seasons is typically gradual, with occasional periods of clear skies and abundant sunshine even during the wet season. Conversely, during the dry season, there can be occasional days with overcast skies and reduced sunshine due to the influence of passing weather systems.

Cultural Significance

The moon has held deep cultural significance in Cambodia for centuries. Its phases are believed to influence the well-being of individuals, the success of crops, and the overall prosperity of the country. During full moon nights, Cambodians gather to celebrate the Pchum Ben festival, a time to honor their ancestors and make offerings to the spirits. The moon is also revered as a symbol of wisdom and beauty, often appearing in traditional dances, art, and literature.

Religious Symbolism

In the Khmer belief system, the moon is associated with the female deity Preah Chan. She is considered the guardian of children and represents the forces of fertility and compassion. The moon’s shape symbolizes the female womb, and it is believed that women who worship Preah Chan during full moon nights will be blessed with children. The moon also plays an important role in the Buddhist tradition practiced in Cambodia. The Purnima, or full moon day, is a sacred occasion when Buddhists gather for meditation and chanting to honor the Buddha.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Phnom Penh, Cambodia, experiences significant variations in humidity levels throughout the year. The city’s tropical monsoon climate brings substantial rainfall during the wet season, typically lasting from May to October. During this period, relative humidity levels soar, averaging around 80-90%. The combination of high temperatures and humidity creates a sultry and uncomfortable atmosphere, often making it difficult to engage in outdoor activities.

Extreme Humidity during Wet Season

The peak of the wet season in Phnom Penh coincides with the highest humidity levels. From August to September, the city frequently experiences days with relative humidity levels exceeding 95%. During these times, the air becomes heavy and oppressive, making it challenging to breathe and even more difficult to perform daily tasks. The extreme humidity can lead to discomfort, heat exhaustion, and even heatstroke in vulnerable individuals. Residents often seek refuge in air-conditioned spaces or limit their outdoor exposure during these peak humidity periods.

Wind Patterns

Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, experiences a predominantly monsoon climate characterized by two distinct seasons: the wet season (May to October) and the dry season (November to April). During the wet season, the southwest monsoon brings moisture-laden winds from the Gulf of Thailand, resulting in frequent heavy rainfall. In contrast, the dry season is influenced by the northeast monsoon, which originates from Siberia and China, bringing drier and cooler air.

Wind Speed and Direction

Wind speeds in Phnom Penh vary throughout the year and are influenced by seasonal changes. During the wet season, the southwest monsoon typically produces stronger winds, with average speeds ranging from 10 to 15 knots (19 to 28 km/h). However, the dry season brings calmer conditions, with wind speeds usually falling below 10 knots (19 km/h). The predominant wind direction in Phnom Penh is generally from the southwest during the wet season and from the northeast during the dry season.

Peak Season (November to April)

Phnom Penh’s peak season coincides with Cambodia’s dry season, offering ideal weather conditions for exploration. Blue skies and balmy temperatures around 27-32°C provide comfortable conditions for outdoor activities. As the water levels in the Mekong River and Tonle Sap decrease, it’s an excellent time for boat trips and exploring the waterways surrounding the city. The presence of tourists from around the world creates a vibrant atmosphere, and festivals and cultural events add to the excitement.

Shoulder Season (May to June and September to October)

The shoulder seasons in Phnom Penh offer a balance between weather and crowds. Temperatures remain relatively warm, typically around 25-30°C, with occasional rain showers. The start of May marks the beginning of the “green season,” bringing lush vegetation and fewer tourists. Reduced crowds provide ample opportunities for quieter exploration of the city’s temples, museums, and historical sites. The shoulder seasons also offer more affordable accommodation and tour prices compared to peak season.

Current Status of Solar Energy in Phnom Penh

In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, the use of solar energy is rapidly expanding as a viable and sustainable alternative energy source. The city’s high solar radiation levels and increasing demand for electricity have made solar power an attractive option. Currently, Phnom Penh has several large-scale solar farms and rooftop installations, contributing significantly to the city’s energy mix. The Cambodian government has also implemented policies and incentives to encourage the adoption of solar technology, making it more affordable and accessible for businesses and households alike.

Benefits and Challenges of Solar Energy

Solar energy offers numerous benefits for Phnom Penh. It is a clean, renewable source that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and air pollution. Additionally, solar power can help stabilize energy costs and provide backup during grid outages. However, challenges remain in maximizing solar energy potential. These include the high upfront cost of installation, limited storage capacity, and the need for reliable backup systems. Despite these hurdles, the long-term economic and environmental advantages of solar energy are expected to drive its continued growth in Phnom Penh.

Topography of Phnom Penh

Phnom Penh, the capital city of Cambodia, is situated on the eastern bank of the Mekong River. The city’s topography is characterized by a relatively flat terrain, with an average elevation of 14 meters (46 feet) above sea level. The average slope of the urbanized areas is less than 1%, demonstrating the low-lying nature of Phnom Penh. The absence of major hills or mountains within the city limits further contributes to the city’s flat topography.

The Mekong River, which flows along the eastern edge of Phnom Penh, plays a significant role in shaping the city’s topography. The river has deposited fertile alluvial soils on the eastern bank, resulting in the formation of a wide, flat plain that extends several kilometers from the river’s edge. This plain encompasses a large portion of Phnom Penh’s urban and suburban areas and has facilitated the city’s growth and development. The river also acts as a natural barrier, protecting the city from potential flooding from the west.

Phnom Penh International Airport (PNH)

Phnom Penh International Airport, officially known as Pochentong Airport, is the primary airport serving Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. It is located approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) northwest of the city center and serves as the main entry point for both domestic and international flights to and from Phnom Penh. The airport has a single terminal that handles both arrivals and departures and features various amenities such as duty-free shops, restaurants, and currency exchange services. PNH also serves as a hub for Cambodia Angkor Air and JC International Airlines, connecting Phnom Penh to major destinations within Cambodia and neighboring countries.

Alternative Airports

While Phnom Penh International Airport is the most convenient option for reaching Phnom Penh, there are alternative airports within driving distance of the city. Sihanoukville International Airport (KOS), located approximately 230 kilometers (143 miles) southwest of Phnom Penh, serves the coastal city of Sihanoukville and offers limited domestic flights. Siem Reap International Airport (REP), situated approximately 310 kilometers (193 miles) northwest of Phnom Penh, is the main gateway to the popular tourist destination of Siem Reap and Angkor Wat, and handles both domestic and international flights. While these alternative airports may require longer travel times to reach Phnom Penh, they can offer additional flight options and may be more convenient for specific destinations within Cambodia.

Popular Tourist Attractions

Phnom Penh, Cambodia’s bustling capital, boasts an array of captivating tourist attractions. The iconic Royal Palace and Silver Pagoda showcase an exquisite blend of Khmer architecture and royal grandeur. Visitors can witness the throne halls and historic pagodas, adorned with intricate carvings and shimmering silver tiles. The adjacent National Museum houses an impressive collection of Khmer artifacts, from ancient sculptures to traditional textiles. The Killing Fields of Choeung Ek offer a poignant reminder of Cambodia’s tragic past, serving as a memorial to the victims of the Khmer Rouge regime.

Cultural Experiences

Beyond its historical landmarks, Phnom Penh offers a vibrant cultural scene. Visitors can immerse themselves in the lively markets, where they can browse a kaleidoscope of local handicrafts, traditional silk, and exotic fruits. The city’s numerous pagodas provide a glimpse into the spiritual life of Cambodia, with intricate murals and daily ceremonies. For an authentic culinary experience, visitors can savor traditional Khmer dishes at local restaurants or embark on a street food adventure, sampling delicacies like “Amok” (fish curry) and “Lok Lak” (grilled beef). The city also hosts various festivals throughout the year, showcasing Cambodian music, dance, and traditions.