Patna Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India
Summer (March to June)
Summer in Patna is characterized by intense heat and humidity. Temperatures can soar to a scorching 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit) during the hottest months of May and June. The air is heavy with moisture, making it uncomfortable to be outdoors. Dust storms and thunderstorms are common, providing brief respite from the oppressive heat. The average humidity is around 80%. The nights offer little relief, with temperatures rarely dropping below 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit).
Monsoon (July to September)
The monsoon season brings much-needed relief from the scorching summer heat. Heavy rainfall is common during this period, leading to flooding in some areas. The average rainfall is around 1,500 millimeters (59 inches). The humidity remains high, but the temperatures drop to a more manageable range of 25-35 degrees Celsius (77-95 degrees Fahrenheit). Monsoon showers can be unpredictable, but they provide a welcome break from the dry summer months.
Average Temperature over the Year
Patna, the capital city of the Indian state of Bihar, experiences a humid subtropical climate. The average temperature in Patna varies significantly throughout the year due to its location in the Gangetic Plains. The city experiences extreme heat during the summer months from April to June, with average temperatures reaching around 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). The highest temperature ever recorded in Patna was 45.6 degrees Celsius (114 degrees Fahrenheit) in May 1998. During the winter months from December to February, temperatures can drop down to an average of 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit), and occasionally dip below freezing.
Seasonal Temperature Variations
The monsoon season in Patna typically lasts from July to September, bringing heavy rainfall that provides relief from the scorching summer heat. During this time, the humidity levels increase, making the weather feel oppressive. The average temperature during the monsoon season hovers around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). After the monsoon season, the city experiences a pleasant post-monsoon period from October to November, with average temperatures ranging from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius (77 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). This period is characterized by clear skies and moderate humidity, making it an ideal time to visit Patna.
Cloud Cover in Patna
Patna, the capital of Bihar, India, experiences a wide range of cloud cover throughout the year. During the summer months, from April to June, the city sees predominantly clear skies due to the influence of the southwest monsoon winds. However, during the monsoon season, from July to September, Patna witnesses significant cloud cover and frequent rainfall. The monsoon clouds bring much-needed moisture to the region, supporting agriculture and replenishing water bodies.
Types of Clouds
Patna experiences various types of clouds throughout the year. Cumulus clouds are common during the morning hours, appearing as puffy cotton-like clouds. As the day progresses, these clouds may develop vertically into cumulonimbus clouds, which can bring thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. During the monsoon season, stratus and nimbostratus clouds are prevalent, leading to prolonged showers and overcast skies. Cirrus clouds, composed of ice crystals, are also frequently observed, indicating fair weather or a change in weather conditions.
Annual Precipitation Patterns
Patna, India experiences a significant amount of precipitation throughout the year, with a distinct seasonal variability. During the monsoon season, which typically spans from June to September, the city receives the majority of its annual rainfall. The southwest monsoon brings moist air from the Arabian Sea, resulting in heavy downpours and thunderstorms. Precipitation levels during this period can reach up to 1,200 millimeters (47 inches). The monsoon season is crucial for agriculture in the region, as it provides the necessary moisture for crop growth.
Seasonal Variation
Outside of the monsoon season, Patna experiences relatively low precipitation. From October to May, the city receives an average of 420 millimeters (16 inches) of rainfall. This precipitation is primarily associated with the winter season, when the city experiences occasional showers and drizzle. Rainfall is at its lowest during the summer months, when temperatures soar and the sky remains mostly clear. However, sporadic thunderstorms may occur, particularly during the pre-monsoon season in April and May.
Seasonal Rainfall Patterns
Patna, located in the eastern Indian state of Bihar, experiences a distinct monsoon climate. The primary source of rainfall is the southwest monsoon, which brings heavy precipitation to the region during the months of June to September. During this period, the city receives an average of 1,200 millimeters (47 inches) of rainfall, contributing to more than 80% of the city’s annual precipitation. The heaviest rainfall occurs in July and August, with an average monthly rainfall exceeding 300 millimeters (12 inches). These intense downpours often cause flooding and waterlogging in low-lying areas.
Variability and Extreme Events
Patna’s rainfall patterns exhibit considerable variability from year to year. Droughts and floods are relatively common, with the frequency and severity of these events influenced by factors such as fluctuations in monsoon activity, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) patterns, and climate change. In recent years, the city has experienced more erratic rainfall patterns, including extended dry spells followed by sudden heavy downpours. These extreme weather events pose significant challenges to urban infrastructure, water management systems, and agricultural practices in and around Patna.
Snowfall in Patna, India: A Rare Occurrence
Patna, the capital city of the Indian state of Bihar, witnessed an unprecedented snowfall on January 14, 2019. The city, which typically experiences warm and humid weather, was blanketed in a thin layer of snow, leaving locals and tourists alike in awe. The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, covered roads, buildings, and vehicles, creating a picturesque winter wonderland. It was a surreal sight for many, as snow is extremely rare in Patna.
Impact of Snowfall on Patna
The snowfall had a significant impact on the city’s daily life. Schools and offices were closed, while traffic was disrupted due to slippery roads. The city’s power supply was also affected, as heavy snow weighed down power lines and caused outages. However, the snowfall was also a source of joy and excitement for many residents. People took to the streets to capture the moment, and many engaged in snowball fights and other winter activities. The city’s parks and gardens were transformed into winter playgrounds, with children and adults alike enjoying the unusual spectacle.
Sunshine Duration in Patna
Patna, the capital of Bihar, India, experiences a significant amount of sunshine throughout the year. The city enjoys an average of 2,900 sunshine hours annually, with the monsoon season (July-September) receiving the least amount of sunshine. During the summer months (April-June), Patna experiences long days with 9-10 hours of sunshine per day. In the winter months (December-February), sunshine duration decreases to around 6-7 hours daily.
Impact of Sunshine on Local Climate
The abundance of sunshine in Patna plays a crucial role in shaping the city’s climate. The high levels of solar radiation during the summer months contribute to the city’s relatively warm and dry climate. The UV index in Patna can reach extreme levels during the summer, especially between 11 am and 3 pm. During the winter months, sunshine provides warmth to the city, preventing temperatures from dropping significantly. The absence of significant cloud cover allows the sun’s heat to reach the ground, creating a pleasant microclimate in Patna.
Moon Visibility in Patna, India
In Patna, the capital city of Bihar, India, the moon can be observed on most clear nights. During the new moon phase, the moon is not visible in the sky. As the moon waxes, it gradually becomes visible as a thin crescent. The first quarter moon, when the moon is half illuminated, is often visible in the western sky in the evening.
As the moon continues to wax, it rises later each night and appears higher in the sky. The full moon, when the moon is fully illuminated, is visible in the sky all night long. During the waning moon phase, the moon gradually loses its illumination and becomes less visible. The last quarter moon is often visible in the eastern sky in the morning. By the time the moon reaches the new moon phase again, it is no longer visible in the sky.
Factors Affecting Moon Visibility
The visibility of the moon in Patna, India, is affected by a number of factors, including:
- Cloud cover: Clouds can block the moon from view.
- Air pollution: Air pollution can scatter moonlight, making the moon appear fainter.
- Light pollution: Light pollution from streetlights and other sources can make it more difficult to see the moon.
- Time of year: The moon’s position in the sky varies throughout the year. During the summer months, the moon is higher in the sky and more visible. During the winter months, the moon is lower in the sky and less visible.
Seasonal Variations
Patna’s humidity levels experience significant seasonal variation. During the dry season, from November to April, the air is relatively dry, with humidity levels typically ranging between 30-50%. However, during the monsoon period, which lasts from July to September, humidity levels soar to an average of 80-90%. This is due to the influx of moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal, creating a humid and oppressive atmosphere. In the transition months of May and June, and October and November, humidity levels gradually increase or decrease, bridging the gap between the two distinct seasons.
Impact on Health and Well-being
High humidity can have a significant impact on human health and well-being. Excessive humidity can lead to discomfort, heat exhaustion, and even heat stroke. The dampness can also promote the growth of mold and mildew, which can exacerbate respiratory problems. Furthermore, high humidity levels can make it difficult to cool down, as sweat evaporates less efficiently, resulting in an uncomfortable and sticky sensation. During the humid monsoon season, it is essential to take precautions to stay hydrated, wear loose-fitting clothing, and avoid strenuous activities outdoors. Air conditioning and dehumidifiers can also help to reduce humidity levels in indoor spaces.
Seasonal Variations
Patna, the capital city of Bihar, experiences distinct seasonal variations in wind patterns. During the summer months (April to June), the city is subjected to hot and dry winds originating from the west and northwest. These winds, known as the “Loo,” can reach temperatures exceeding 40°C and often bring discomfort to the city’s residents. During the monsoon season (July to September), Patna receives moist and humid winds from the southwest, bringing abundant rainfall and a respite from the oppressive summer heat.
Impact on Environment and Health
The wind patterns in Patna significantly impact the city’s environmental and health conditions. The strong winds during the summer months can cause dust storms and air pollution, leading to respiratory issues and other health problems. On the other hand, the moist winds during the monsoon season contribute to the formation of dense fog in the city, which can disrupt transportation and lead to poor visibility. The city also experiences relatively calm and pleasant winds during the winter months (October to March), providing a respite from the extreme conditions of summer and monsoon.
Best Time to Visit: Climatic Conditions
The optimal time to visit Patna, India, is during the winter months, from November to February. During this period, the weather is pleasant and cool, with average temperatures ranging from 10°C to 25°C. The clear skies and low humidity make it ideal for outdoor activities such as exploring historical sites and visiting religious landmarks. Moreover, the absence of excessive heat or rainfall enhances the overall travel experience.
Best Time to Visit: Cultural Festivals
Patna is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and vibrant festivals. The best time to witness these celebrations is during the spring and summer months, from March to June. This period is marked by the iconic Chhath Puja, an ancient Hindu festival honoring the Sun God and the Chhath Maiya (Mother River). The grandeur of the festivities, with devotees performing rituals in the flowing waters of the Ganga River, is a sight to behold. Additionally, the Holi festival in March and the Baisakhi festival in April showcase the colorful traditions and customs of the region.
Potential for Solar Energy in Patna, India
Patna, the capital city of Bihar, India, enjoys abundant solar radiation, making it a prime location for harnessing solar energy. With an average of 5.5-6 kWh/m2 of solar energy per day, Patna has the potential to generate significant amounts of electricity through solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The city’s increasing urbanization and rising energy demand present an opportunity for the deployment of renewable energy sources like solar power.
Current Solar Energy Development
Patna has witnessed a significant adoption of solar energy in recent years. The Bihar Renewable Energy Development Agency (BREDA) has been instrumental in promoting solar PV systems through various initiatives and subsidies. Several government buildings, educational institutions, and commercial establishments have installed rooftop solar panels. The city has also seen the development of utility-scale solar parks, including the 2 MW Bihar Solar Power Plant established in 2016. As a result, Patna has become a regional hub for solar energy development in Eastern India, showcasing its commitment to clean and sustainable energy.
Topography of Patna, India
Patna, the capital city of Bihar, India, lies in the eastern part of the country. Its topography is characterized by flat plains, riverine landscapes, and fertile agricultural land. The city is located on the southern bank of the Ganges River, which meanders through the region, forming a vast alluvial plain. The terrain in Patna is generally flat, with a slight slope towards the north. The elevation of the city ranges from 50 to 60 meters above sea level.
The topography of Patna has been shaped by the erosional and depositional processes of the Ganges River. The river has created a wide, fertile floodplain that extends for kilometers on either side. The floodplain is covered in fertile alluvial soil, which has supported agriculture in the region for centuries. The Ganges River and its tributaries have also created numerous oxbow lakes, which are common features of the landscape in Patna. These lakes support a diverse ecosystem and provide habitats for a variety of flora and fauna.
Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport (PAT)
Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport (PAT), previously known as Patna Airport, is the primary airport serving Patna, the capital of Bihar. It is located approximately 5 kilometers (3 miles) west of the city center. The airport has a single runway, designated 02/20, which is approximately 2,743 meters (8,999 feet) long. It is capable of handling a wide range of aircraft, including narrow-body and wide-body jets.
Connectivity and Facilities
Patna Airport offers domestic and international flights to various destinations within India and abroad. Major domestic carriers operating from PAT include Air India, IndiGo, SpiceJet, GoAir, and Vistara. International flights are limited, with direct services to Dubai operated by Flydubai and Air India Express. The airport provides a range of facilities and services to passengers, including check-in counters, security screening, baggage claim, and a variety of retail and dining options.
History of Patna
Patna, the capital city of Bihar, India, boasts a rich and ancient history spanning millennia. The city was founded by the Magadha King Ajatashatru in the 6th century BC and was known as Pataliputra. It served as the capital of the powerful Maurya Empire under Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great. During this period, Pataliputra became a center of learning, trade, and culture, attracting scholars, merchants, and artisans from across the globe. The city also played a pivotal role in the spread of Buddhism, with Ashoka sending missionaries to propagate the faith throughout the known world.
Patna Today
Modern-day Patna is a bustling metropolis with a population of over 2 million. It is a major commercial and industrial center, home to numerous industries, including manufacturing, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. The city is also a significant educational hub, with several prestigious universities, colleges, and research institutions. Patna is well-connected by road, rail, and air, and is easily accessible from all major cities in India. The city is also a popular tourist destination, with its many historical monuments and vibrant cultural scene attracting visitors from far and wide.