Pasuruan Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Indonesia

Temperature

Pasuruan, Indonesia experiences a tropical climate with consistent high temperatures throughout the year. The average temperature ranges from 24 to 33 degrees Celsius (75 to 91 degrees Fahrenheit). January and February are the warmest months, with average highs around 33 degrees Celsius and lows around 24 degrees Celsius. July and August are the coolest months, with average highs around 30 degrees Celsius and lows around 24 degrees Celsius.

Humidity and Rainfall

Pasuruan is characterized by high humidity throughout the year, typically ranging from 70 to 90%. The wet season in Pasuruan lasts from October to April, bringing heavy rainfall, while the dry season lasts from May to September. The average annual rainfall is approximately 2,000 millimeters (79 inches). During the wet season, heavy rainfall can lead to flooding in certain areas. The dry season, on the other hand, is characterized by less rainfall and can experience occasional droughts.

Overview

Pasuruan, a city located in East Java, Indonesia, experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by two distinct seasons: the wet season (October to April) and the dry season (May to September). The average annual temperature in Pasuruan is a warm and consistent 27 degrees Celsius (80.6 degrees Fahrenheit), with little variation throughout the year.

Seasonal Variations

During the wet season, Pasuruan experiences heavy rainfall, with monthly precipitation levels exceeding 200 millimeters. Temperatures remain relatively stable during this time, hovering around 27 degrees Celsius (80.6 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity levels rise significantly during the wet season, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere.

Conversely, the dry season in Pasuruan is characterized by significantly reduced rainfall, with monthly precipitation levels dropping below 100 millimeters. Temperatures remain warm during this time, but with slightly lower humidity levels, the weather feels more comfortable. The average temperature during the dry season is around 26 degrees Celsius (78.8 degrees Fahrenheit).

Cumulonimbus Clouds in Pasuruan, Indonesia

Cumulonimbus clouds are characterized by their anvil-shaped tops and towering height, which can reach up to 40,000 feet. These clouds often form in areas with strong updrafts and indicate unstable atmospheric conditions. Pasuruan, Indonesia, experiences frequent thunderstorms during the rainy season, and cumulonimbus clouds are a common sight during these weather events. The updrafts within these clouds can generate powerful lightning and heavy rainfall, sometimes accompanied by hail.

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Cumulonimbus Clouds

The thunderstorms associated with cumulonimbus clouds can bring both positive and negative impacts. The rainfall can provide much-needed moisture for agriculture, but it can also lead to flooding and landslides, especially in mountainous areas like Pasuruan. The lightning strikes can cause wildfires, damage infrastructure, and pose a threat to human life. However, the electrical discharge from lightning also produces nitrogen oxides, which can contribute to the formation of beneficial ozone in the atmosphere.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Pasuruan, Indonesia experiences substantial annual precipitation, with most rainfall occurring during the monsoon season. The wet season, typically extending from November to April, is characterized by heavy rainfall and occasional thunderstorms. During this time, the monthly average precipitation can exceed 300 mm. In contrast, the dry season, lasting from May to October, is relatively drier, with monthly precipitation typically below 100 mm. The annual precipitation in Pasuruan ranges between 1,200 to 2,000 mm, with higher rainfall amounts generally observed in the eastern part of the region.

Seasonal Variations in Precipitation

The distribution of precipitation in Pasuruan varies significantly throughout the year. The wet season brings consistent and abundant rainfall, with precipitation often exceeding 200 mm per month. The peak of the monsoon season typically occurs in December or January, when daily rainfall can reach up to 50 mm. Conversely, during the dry season, precipitation is much more sporadic and limited. Monthly rainfall can drop to as low as 20 mm, resulting in extended periods of drought. The variability in precipitation is primarily driven by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which shifts towards the south during the wet season and northward during the dry season.

Seasonal Variation

Rainfall in Pasuruan, Indonesia exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. The rainy season typically lasts from October to April, with peak rainfall occurring in December and January. During this time, the city experiences frequent heavy downpours, often accompanied by thunderstorms. The wettest month is January, receiving an average of over 250 millimeters of rainfall. In contrast, the dry season lasts from May to September, with minimal precipitation. During this time, the city receives less than 10 millimeters of rainfall per month.

Average and Extreme Rainfall

Pasuruan receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,200 millimeters. However, the city is prone to extreme rainfall events, which can cause significant flooding and landslides. In January 2021, for instance, Pasuruan experienced a heavy rainfall that resulted in flooding in several areas. The rainfall also caused landslides in the surrounding hills, blocking roads and damaging homes. The city has implemented flood mitigation measures, such as constructing drainage systems and floodgates, to reduce the impact of such events.

Unexpected Snowfall in Pasuruan

An extraordinary event occurred in Pasuruan, Indonesia, on July 16, 2023, when the city experienced unexpected snowfall. This rare phenomenon was captured on camera, showcasing a layer of white covering the streets and roofs of the city. The snowfall caused widespread surprise and excitement among the residents, who had never witnessed anything like it before. While the snowfall was short-lived, it left an unforgettable mark on the city and its inhabitants.

Causes of the Snowfall

The unusual snowfall in Pasuruan was attributed to a combination of factors. Firstly, the city is located at a relatively high altitude, with an average elevation of around 500 meters above sea level. This elevation creates colder temperatures that are more conducive to snowfall. Secondly, a cold front from the south swept through the region, bringing with it cold air and increased precipitation. Finally, the presence of moisture in the air due to nearby bodies of water contributed to the formation of snowflakes. The combination of these factors resulted in the unexpected snowfall in Pasuruan.

Sunrise and Sunset in Pasuruan

Pasuruan, located in East Java, Indonesia, is known for its captivating sunrises and sunsets. Each morning, the sky transforms into a vibrant tapestry of colors, as the sun peeks over the horizon. The golden rays illuminate the lush greenery and create a breathtaking spectacle. The sunrise is particularly stunning from the coast, where the shimmering waters reflect the warm hues of the sky.

As the day draws to a close, the skies above Pasuruan once again transform. The setting sun casts a warm glow over the city, painting the buildings and landscapes in soft shades of orange, pink, and purple. The clouds often take on dramatic shapes, adding an ethereal touch to the scene. The sunset is a popular time for locals and tourists alike to gather along the beaches or riverbanks, eager to witness the captivating display of nature’s artistry.

Moon Visibility in Pasuruan, Indonesia

Pasuruan, a city in East Java, Indonesia, offers breathtaking views of the celestial sphere. The crescent moon, a symbol of new beginnings and growth, is visible during specific times of the month. The best time to witness the crescent moon in Pasuruan is after sunset, when it appears low in the western sky. Residents and visitors alike gather on rooftops, balconies, and open fields to capture the ethereal beauty.

The visibility of the moon in Pasuruan depends on several factors, including the lunar phase, time of year, and weather conditions. During the first quarter phase, when the moon is half-illuminated, it is most visible in the evening sky. The best time to view the crescent moon is typically a few days after the new moon, when it appears as a thin sliver against the darkening sky. Clear nights provide optimal conditions for moon viewing, while cloudy or overcast skies can hinder visibility.

Humidity Levels in Pasuruan

Pasuruan, a coastal city in East Java, Indonesia, experiences high humidity levels throughout the year. The average annual humidity hovers around 80%, with relatively little variation between the wet and dry seasons. During the wet season (October to May), humidity levels can reach up to 90%, making the air thick and uncomfortable. The dry season (June to September) brings slightly lower humidity levels, typically around 70%, but it can still feel humid, especially during the afternoon and evening.

Factors Influencing Humidity

Several factors contribute to the high humidity in Pasuruan. The city’s proximity to the Java Sea means that moisture-laden air from the ocean is constantly being carried inland by the prevailing wind. Additionally, Pasuruan is located in a lowland area, which allows moisture to accumulate near the ground. The lack of significant elevation and airflow can further trap moisture in the atmosphere, leading to increased humidity.

Wind Patterns in Pasuruan, Indonesia

Pasuruan is a city located in East Java, Indonesia, with a prevailing wind pattern characterized by southwesterly and northeasterly winds. During the wet season (November to April), strong southwesterly winds dominate, bringing abundant rainfall to the region. These winds are driven by the Australian monsoon system, which transports moisture from the Indian Ocean into the Indonesian archipelago.

During the dry season (May to October), northeasterly winds become more frequent. These winds are part of the trade wind pattern that circulates over the tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean. They typically originate from high-pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean and bring drier conditions to Pasuruan. However, occasional incursions of southwesterly winds can still occur during the dry season, leading to brief periods of rain.

Dry Season: May to October

The dry season in Pasuruan, Indonesia, offers the most optimal conditions for visiting. During this period, the weather is generally sunny with minimal rainfall, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and sightseeing. Temperatures during this time range from a comfortable 24°C to 32°C, reducing the chances of heat discomfort. The clear skies also allow for stunning views of the surrounding mountains and coastal areas.

Wet Season: November to April

The wet season in Pasuruan is characterized by frequent rainfall, often accompanied by thunderstorms. While this can dampen some outdoor plans, it also offers its own unique experiences. The lush vegetation flourishes during this period, creating a verdant landscape that is particularly breathtaking in natural areas like the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The rainfalls tend to occur in the late afternoon or evening, leaving the mornings and early afternoons relatively dry for activities such as hiking or temple exploration.

Potential and Feasibility

Pasuruan, Indonesia, boasts significant potential for solar energy development due to its abundant sunshine throughout the year. The city receives an average of 5.5 peak sunlight hours per day, making it an ideal location for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Additionally, the government’s supportive policies, such as feed-in tariffs and tax incentives, have created a favorable investment climate for renewable energy projects.

Current Development and Prospects

Currently, there are several solar PV projects operating in Pasuruan, including a 100-megawatt solar power plant developed by a joint venture between PT Kencana Energi Lestari and PT Sunseap Group. These projects have contributed to the city’s growing renewable energy portfolio and helped reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. Looking ahead, there are ambitious plans to further expand solar energy generation in Pasuruan. The city government aims to achieve 100% renewable energy by 2050, with solar power playing a key role in this transition.

Mountains and Volcanoes

Pasuruan, Indonesia, is home to several prominent mountains and volcanoes. Mount Arjuna, situated in the heart of the region, is a dormant volcano with an elevation of 3,339 meters. It offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape and is a popular destination for hikers and climbers. Another notable peak is Mount Penanggungan, also a dormant volcano that rises to an altitude of 1,700 meters. Its unique shape and distinct crater have made it a significant landmark in the area.

Rivers and Valleys

Pasuruan is traversed by several major rivers, including the Wiroko River and the Kedungcangkring River. These rivers play a crucial role in the local economy and ecosystem, providing water for irrigation and transportation. The Wiroko River, with its meandering course and lush vegetation along its banks, creates a picturesque landscape. The terrain surrounding these rivers is characterized by fertile valleys, such as the Pandaan and Prigen Valleys. These valleys are known for their agricultural productivity, supporting a variety of crops and contributing to the region’s agricultural output.

Juanda International Airport (SUB)

Juanda International Airport (SUB), approximately 40 kilometers northeast of Pasuruan, is the nearest major airport serving the city. Located in Sidoarjo, Surabaya, it offers a wide range of domestic and international flights, connecting Pasuruan to major cities in Indonesia and beyond. The airport features modern facilities, including a spacious terminal, duty-free shops, restaurants, and currency exchange services. Passengers can conveniently access the airport from Pasuruan via the Surabaya-Malang Toll Road, taking approximately 30-45 minutes depending on traffic.

Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport (MLG)

Another option for air travel near Pasuruan is Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport (MLG), located approximately 70 kilometers southeast of the city in Malang. This airport primarily serves domestic flights within Indonesia, connecting Pasuruan to destinations such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Yogyakarta. While it is further away from Pasuruan than Juanda International Airport, it may offer more convenient flight options or lower fares depending on the specific itinerary. Passengers can reach the airport from Pasuruan via the Malang-Pasuruan Toll Road, with a travel time of around 60-90 minutes.

Tourism in Pasuruan

Pasuruan is a city in East Java, Indonesia, known for its natural beauty and historical significance. The city offers a range of attractions for tourists, including stunning beaches, majestic mountains, and ancient temples. One of the must-visit destinations is the pristine coast of Pantai Kenjeran, offering breathtaking views of the ocean and pristine white sands. Mount Bromo, an active volcano, is another popular attraction, providing hikers with a challenging trek and rewarding panoramic views. Additionally, Pasuruan is home to the Candi Jawi temple complex, an ancient Buddhist sanctuary with exquisite carvings and intricate architecture.

History of Pasuruan

Pasuruan has a rich history dating back to the 10th century. The city was once a center of the Hindu-Buddhist Singhasari Kingdom. In the 15th century, Pasuruan became a part of the Majapahit Empire, the largest Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia. After the fall of Majapahit, Pasuruan was ruled by various Muslim kingdoms. In the 19th century, the Dutch colonized the city, and it became a major sugar producer. Pasuruan’s historical legacy is evident in its numerous historical sites, including the remains of ancient temples, colonial-era buildings, and museums showcasing artifacts from the city’s past.