Pasto Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Colombia

Climate

Pasto, Colombia experiences a subtropical highland climate, with warm days and cool nights. The city has a relatively consistent climate throughout the year, with average temperatures ranging from 45°F (7°C) to 65°F (18°C). Pasto is located in the Andean Mountains, and the altitude contributes to the cooler temperatures. The city receives an average of 40 inches of rainfall per year, with most of the rain falling during the wet season, which runs from April to November.

Average Weather Year Round

  • January: The warmest month of the year, with average temperatures ranging from 47°F (8°C) to 66°F (19°C). Pasto receives an average of 3 inches of rain in January.
  • April: The beginning of the wet season, with average temperatures ranging from 46°F (8°C) to 65°F (18°C). Pasto receives an average of 6 inches of rain in April.
  • July: The coldest month of the year, with average temperatures ranging from 42°F (6°C) to 62°F (17°C). Pasto receives an average of 4 inches of rain in July.
  • October: The end of the wet season, with average temperatures ranging from 44°F (7°C) to 64°F (18°C). Pasto receives an average of 3 inches of rain in October.

Temperature Trends

Pasto, located in southern Colombia, experiences a consistent temperature throughout the year. The average temperature in Pasto is approximately 13 degrees Celsius (55 degrees Fahrenheit), with minimal fluctuations between seasons. The temperature remains relatively constant, with an average high of 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit) and an average low of 9 degrees Celsius (48 degrees Fahrenheit). This stable temperature makes for a pleasant climate that is neither too hot nor too cold, making it an ideal place to live and visit.

Seasonal Variations

Although the average temperature in Pasto remains constant throughout the year, there are slight seasonal variations. During the dry season, which runs from June to September, temperatures tend to be slightly higher, with an average high of 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit). During the rainy season, which lasts from October to May, temperatures are slightly cooler, with an average high of 16 degrees Celsius (61 degrees Fahrenheit). These seasonal variations are relatively minor, and the temperature remains comfortable year-round.

Climate and Cloud Characteristics

Pasto’s climate is characterized by consistent temperatures throughout the year, with an average annual temperature of 14°C (57°F). However, due to its high altitude (2,610 meters above sea level), nights can be chilly, and frost is common during the dry season. The city experiences abundant precipitation, with an average annual rainfall of 800 mm (31.5 inches).

Regarding cloud cover, Pasto generally experiences high cloudiness, particularly during the afternoons and evenings. Clouds are often dominated by low-level stratus and stratocumulus formations, which block out sunlight and contribute to the city’s frequent overcast conditions. During the early morning hours, fog is also common, especially during the dry season. However, during the mornings and afternoons, there are occasional breaks in the cloud cover, allowing for glimpses of sunshine.

Precipitation Patterns

Pasto, nestled in the Andes Mountains of southern Colombia, experiences a relatively consistent precipitation pattern throughout the year. The city lies within a tropical rainforest climate zone, characterized by frequent rainfall and relatively stable temperatures. The average annual precipitation in Pasto is approximately 1,800 millimeters (71 inches). Most of this rainfall occurs during the two annual rainy seasons: October to November and April to May. During these periods, daily rainfall can exceed 10 millimeters (0.4 inches) and heavy downpours are common.

Seasonal Variations

Despite the generally high rainfall, Pasto does experience some seasonal variations in precipitation. The driest period typically occurs during the months of December to February, when monthly rainfall averages around 100 millimeters (4 inches). In contrast, the wettest months are usually March and October, when average precipitation exceeds 200 millimeters (8 inches). These seasonal variations are primarily influenced by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a band of low atmospheric pressure that follows the movement of the sun’s zenith. As the ITCZ shifts northward or southward, the amount of rainfall in Pasto increases or decreases accordingly.

Climate and Rainfall Patterns

Pasto, Colombia, located in the Andean highlands, exhibits a temperate climate characterized by moderate temperatures and significant rainfall throughout the year. The average annual precipitation in Pasto is approximately 1,200 millimeters (47 inches), making it one of the wettest cities in the country. The rainfall is fairly consistent throughout the year, with no pronounced dry season. However, the wettest months tend to be from April to June and October to November.

Impact of Rainfall on the Environment and Society

The abundant rainfall in Pasto has a significant impact on the local environment and society. The constant moisture supports lush vegetation and provides water for agricultural activities. Additionally, the rainfall helps maintain a stable water table, ensuring a reliable supply of water for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes. However, the heavy rainfall can also lead to flooding, landslides, and erosion, particularly during periods of intense precipitation. The city’s infrastructure, including roads and buildings, must be designed and maintained to withstand the potential impacts of heavy rains.

Frequency and Timing of Snowfall

Snowfall in Pasto, Colombia, is a rare occurrence. The city is located near the equator at an altitude of over 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) above sea level, and its climate is typically warm and humid. However, under certain atmospheric conditions, such as during extreme cold fronts, snow can fall in Pasto. Such events are sporadic and unpredictable, often occurring only once or twice in a decade. The snowfall typically lasts for a short period, usually less than a day.

Impacts and Effects of Snowfall

When snowfall does occur in Pasto, it can cause significant disruption to daily life. The city’s infrastructure is not well-equipped to handle snow, and roads can become impassable, leading to traffic accidents and delays. Public transportation is often suspended, and schools and businesses may close. The cold temperatures and slippery conditions can also pose health risks to vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and the homeless. However, snowfall in Pasto is also met with a sense of excitement and wonder, as it is an infrequent and unusual event that brings a touch of winter magic to the tropical city.

Sunrise and Sunset Times in Pasto, Colombia

The sunrise and sunset times in Pasto, Colombia, vary throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and orbital position. However, the duration of daylight remains relatively constant, with an average of 12 hours and 15 minutes. During the summer solstice, around June 21, the sun rises around 5:45 AM and sets around 6:15 PM, providing ample daylight hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice, around December 21, the sun rises around 6:15 AM and sets around 5:45 PM, resulting in shorter days.

Weather and Sun Exposure in Pasto, Colombia

Pasto experiences a moderate climate with an average temperature of 58°F (14°C) throughout the year. The city receives significant rainfall, especially during the rainy season from April to November. However, the sun often shines through the clouds, providing ample opportunities for sun exposure. During the summer months, the UV index can reach high levels, making it essential to wear sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors for extended periods. In the winter months, the sun’s intensity is generally lower, but it is still advisable to take precautions against sun exposure.

Phases of the Moon in Pasto, Colombia

The phases of the moon are cyclical changes in its appearance as seen from Earth. These changes are caused by the changing positions of the Moon, Earth, and Sun. In Pasto, Colombia, the moon goes through all eight phases throughout the month.

The new moon phase occurs when the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, and its dark side faces Earth. The waxing crescent phase follows, as the Moon moves from the new moon phase to the first quarter phase, when half of the Moon is illuminated. The following phase is the waxing gibbous phase, when the Moon appears more than half illuminated but less than full. Finally, the full moon phase occurs when the Earth is between the Moon and the Sun, and the entire face of the Moon is illuminated. The waning gibbous phase follows, as the Moon moves from the full moon phase to the third quarter phase, when half of the Moon is again illuminated. The waning crescent phase then occurs, and finally, the cycle repeats with the new moon phase.

Moonrise and Moonset Times in Pasto, Colombia

The times of moonrise and moonset vary throughout the month in Pasto, Colombia, depending on the phase of the moon. During the new moon phase, the Moon is not visible from Earth. As the Moon moves through its phases, the times of moonrise and moonset become earlier each day. During the full moon phase, the Moon rises around sunset and sets around sunrise. After the full moon, the times of moonrise and moonset become later each day until the new moon phase is reached again.

Humidity in Pasto, Colombia

Pasto, Colombia experiences significant humidity throughout the year. The city is located in the Andean highlands and is surrounded by mountains, which contribute to the high humidity levels. The average annual humidity in Pasto is around 80%, with little variation throughout the year.

The high humidity in Pasto can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the city is located in a region with high rainfall. The average annual rainfall in Pasto is around 1,500 millimeters, which provides ample moisture for the air to absorb. Secondly, the city’s topography contributes to the humidity levels. The mountains surrounding Pasto create a barrier that prevents the humid air from escaping, resulting in high humidity levels being trapped within the city. Finally, the lack of significant wind in Pasto also contributes to the high humidity levels. The air is relatively stagnant, allowing the humidity to build up and remain high.

Wind Patterns and Variability

Pasto, Colombia, experiences a moderate and consistent wind pattern throughout the year. The prevailing wind direction is from the southwest, influenced by the prevailing trade winds of the region. The wind speed is typically between 7-12 kilometers per hour (4-8 miles per hour), with occasional stronger gusts. During the dry season (December to March), wind speeds tend to be higher, while during the wet season (April to November), winds are typically calmer. The wind is also highly variable, changing direction and speed frequently due to the complex topography and local weather conditions.

Impact on the City

The wind in Pasto has both positive and negative impacts on the city. The constant breeze provides natural ventilation and helps regulate the city’s temperature, making it more comfortable for residents. Strong winds during the dry season can also help to disperse pollutants and improve air quality. However, the wind can also create challenges for outdoor activities, particularly during the wet season when it can bring in heavy rainfall and strong gusts. Additionally, the wind can damage trees and vegetation, requiring regular maintenance and repair of infrastructure.

Peak Season (December – March)

Pasto’s peak tourist season coincides with the dry season, which offers pleasant temperatures and clear skies. This time is ideal for outdoor activities such as exploring the city’s historic center, hiking in the nearby Galeras National Park, or taking a day trip to the charming town of Ipiales. The Christmas and New Year festivities bring an added festive atmosphere to the city, with lively celebrations, traditional music, and local crafts. However, it’s worth noting that this season can be crowded, so it’s advisable to book accommodation and activities in advance.

Shoulder Season (April – May, September – November)

During the shoulder seasons, Pasto experiences fewer crowds and slightly lower temperatures. The weather is still generally favorable for sightseeing and outdoor pursuits, although occasional rainfall is possible. This can be a good time to visit for those seeking a quieter and more relaxed experience. Accommodation prices tend to be more affordable during this period, making it a budget-friendly option for travelers.

Off-Season (June – August)

The off-season in Pasto is characterized by heavier rainfall and cooler temperatures. While this may not be the most ideal time for outdoor activities, it presents an opportunity to experience a different side of the city. Rainfall can be significant during this time, so it’s essential to pack appropriate clothing and be prepared for potential delays or cancellations of outdoor plans. However, this season can also offer tranquility and fewer crowds, allowing for more intimate exploration of the city’s cultural, historical, and culinary offerings.

Solar Potential in Pasto

Pasto, the capital of the Nariño department in Colombia, possesses significant solar energy potential. The city’s average daily solar radiation ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 kWh/m², making it an excellent location for photovoltaic (PV) installations. This abundance of solar energy presents a viable alternative to fossil fuels and can contribute to the country’s goal of achieving a clean and sustainable energy future.

Government Initiatives and PV Installations

The Colombian government has actively supported the development of solar energy in Pasto and throughout the country. The Department of Energy has implemented various incentives and programs to encourage the adoption of PV systems. As a result, several businesses and households in Pasto have installed solar panels, generating clean and renewable electricity. Notably, the University of Nariño has established a solar farm with a capacity of 1.2 MW, demonstrating the city’s commitment to harnessing solar energy. The increasing number of PV installations in Pasto showcases the potential for solar energy to play a significant role in the city’s energy mix.

Pasto’s Geography and Topography

Pasto is nestled in the Andes Mountains, approximately 130 kilometers southwest of the border with Ecuador. The city’s unique topography is characterized by rolling hills, rivers, and volcanoes. The Guaitara River flows through the city, creating a picturesque backdrop. Pasto is surrounded by several volcanoes, including the Galeras volcano, which is an active stratovolcano located just a few kilometers north of the city. The rugged terrain around Pasto offers stunning views and opportunities for hiking, mountain climbing, and other outdoor activities.

Andean Climate and Vegetation

Due to its altitude of over 2,500 meters above sea level, Pasto experiences a temperate Andean climate. The city has a moderate temperature range throughout the year, with average temperatures between 14 and 18 degrees Celsius. The vegetation in the area is composed of a mixture of Andean cloud forests, grasslands, and páramos on the higher slopes. The páramos are high-altitude ecosystems characterized by unique plant life adapted to the cold and humid conditions. The surrounding mountains provide a habitat for diverse wildlife, including spectacled bears, Andean condors, and páramo deer.

Antonio Nariño Airport (PSO)

Antonio Nariño Airport (IATA: PSO, ICAO: SKPS), also known as Pasto Airport, is located in Chachagüí, approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) southwest of Pasto, the capital of Nariño Department in southwestern Colombia. The airport serves the city of Pasto and the surrounding region. It is the main airport in the department and handles both domestic and international flights. The airport has a single runway, which measures 2,200 meters (7,218 feet) in length. It is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Colombia (Aerocivil).

Airlines and Destinations

Several airlines operate scheduled flights to and from Antonio Nariño Airport. These include:

  • Avianca: Bogotá, Cali, Medellín
  • LATAM Colombia: Bogotá, Cali
  • Satena: Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Tumaco
  • Viva Air Colombia: Bogotá, Cali, Medellín

The airport also handles charter flights and cargo services. It is an important gateway to the southern region of Colombia, providing connectivity to major cities and tourist destinations.

History and Culture

Pasto, the capital of Nariño Department in Colombia, holds a rich history and vibrant culture. Founded in 1539 by Spanish conquistadors, Pasto was a strategic point for the Spanish Empire, connecting the Pacific coast with the interior. Throughout its history, the city has witnessed numerous conflicts, including the War of Independence and the Colombian Civil War. Today, Pasto proudly showcases its heritage through its colonial architecture, museums, and traditional festivals.

Economy and Transportation

Pasto’s economy is driven by agriculture, textile manufacturing, and tourism. The surrounding highlands are renowned for producing wool, cheese, and potatoes, while the city itself boasts a thriving textile industry. In recent years, tourism has become increasingly important, with visitors drawn to the city’s historical sites, cultural attractions, and nearby natural wonders, such as the Galeras National Park. Pasto is well-connected by road and air, making it easily accessible from other parts of Colombia and abroad.