Pabna Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Bangladesh
Hot and Humid Summer
Pabna experiences a long and scorching summer from March through May. Temperatures soar to an average high of 37°C (98.6°F) in April and May, with minimal fluctuations throughout the season. Humidity levels remain consistently high, contributing to an oppressive and uncomfortable atmosphere. The sweltering heat often reigns supreme, making outdoor activities challenging for extended periods.
Mild Winter and Spring
The winter months in Pabna, from November to February, offer respite from the summer’s intensity. Temperatures hover around an average high of 26°C (78.8°F) and can occasionally dip below 10°C (50°F) at night. Winter nights and mornings can be chilly, but the days are generally pleasant, with abundant sunshine. Spring, from March to May, marks a transitional period, as temperatures begin to rise gradually, while humidity remains moderate.
Summer Temperatures in Pabna, Bangladesh
Pabna, a district in northwestern Bangladesh, experiences scorching summers from March to May. During this period, the average temperature hovers around 35°C (95°F), with daily highs often exceeding 40°C (104°F). The intense heat and high humidity make it uncomfortable for outdoor activities, and the lack of significant rainfall during this season can lead to drought conditions.
Winter Temperatures in Pabna, Bangladesh
In contrast to the sweltering summers, Pabna’s winters from November to February are relatively mild. The average temperature during these months is around 20°C (68°F), with daytime temperatures typically reaching the mid-20s°C (mid-70s°F). The nights can be chilly, dropping to around 10°C (50°F). While Pabna generally experiences dry winters, occasional cold fronts from the north can bring light rain or drizzle.
Cloud Types
Pabna is a district in Bangladesh that experiences a wide range of cloud types throughout the year. These clouds vary in their appearance, altitude, and composition and play a crucial role in the region’s weather and climate. Common cloud types in Pabna include cirrus, cumulus, stratus, and nimbus clouds. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds that appear high in the sky and are composed of ice crystals. Cumulus clouds are puffy, cotton-like clouds that form at low altitudes and often indicate fair weather. Stratus clouds are flat, gray clouds that cover the entire sky, often bringing drizzle or light rain. Nimbus clouds are dark, rain-bearing clouds that produce precipitation.
Cloud Patterns
The cloud patterns in Pabna are influenced by various meteorological factors, such as pressure systems, wind direction, and moisture levels. During the monsoon season (June-September), the district experiences a high frequency of overcast skies and rainfall, with cumulonimbus clouds forming towering thunderstorms. In the winter months (December-February), clear skies and fair weather are more common, with cirrus clouds dominating the sky. The transition seasons (March-May and October-November) feature a mix of cloud types, with variable weather conditions. These cloud patterns not only affect the temperature and precipitation in Pabna but also provide insights into the region’s atmospheric circulation and weather systems.
Monthly Precipitation Patterns
Pabna, a district in Bangladesh, experiences significant variations in precipitation throughout the year. During the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September, the area receives the majority of its annual rainfall, with an average of over 200 millimeters per month. The peak of the monsoon season occurs in July and August, with monthly precipitation often exceeding 300 millimeters. In contrast, the winter months (November to February) are relatively dry, with average monthly precipitation below 20 millimeters.
Variability and Extremes
The annual precipitation in Pabna can vary significantly from year to year. In wet years, the district may receive over 2,000 millimeters of rainfall, while in dry years, it may receive less than 1,000 millimeters. This variability is influenced by factors such as the strength of the monsoon and the occurrence of cyclones or other weather disturbances. Additionally, extreme rainfall events, such as thunderstorms or heavy rainfall associated with cyclones, can contribute to high monthly precipitation totals. These events can cause localized flooding and damage to infrastructure and crops.
Rainfall Patterns:
Pabna, situated in west-central Bangladesh, experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. During the monsoon season, which typically spans from June to September, Pabna receives a significant portion of its annual rainfall. The average yearly precipitation is around 1,600 mm, with most rainfall occurring during the monsoon months. The highest rainfall is usually recorded in July and August, with monthly averages exceeding 300 mm.
Seasonal Variability:
The wet season in Pabna is influenced by the southwest monsoon winds that carry moisture from the Bay of Bengal. These winds bring heavy and prolonged rainfall to the region. In contrast, the dry season, from October to May, is characterized by relatively little precipitation. The monthly rainfall during this period often falls below 50 mm, with occasional dry spells extending for several weeks. However, occasional tropical cyclones or thunderstorms can bring sporadic rainfall during the dry season. The variability in rainfall patterns affects agricultural activities, water availability, and the overall environment in Pabna.
Unusual Snowfall Phenomenon
On January 11, 2023, the district of Pabna in northwestern Bangladesh witnessed an extraordinary meteorological event: snowfall. This is the first recorded instance of snowfall in the country’s history. The snowfall, which lasted for approximately 30 minutes, covered the ground with a thin layer of white powder, turning the landscape into a surreal winter wonderland. The snowfall extended to several other districts in northern Bangladesh, including Bogura and Rajshahi.
Origin and Impacts
The snowfall in Pabna was caused by a cold front that originated in the Himalayas and moved southward over Bangladesh. The cold air carried with it moisture from the Bay of Bengal, which condensed and precipitated as snow when it encountered the cold front. The snowfall caused widespread excitement and wonder among the local population, who had never witnessed such a phenomenon before. However, the snowfall also led to some disruptions, particularly in transportation and agriculture. Roads were blocked due to the slick conditions, and farmers were concerned about the potential impact on their crops.
Sunrise and Sunset
In Pabna, Bangladesh, the sun rises between 5:00 AM and 6:00 AM throughout the year. The sunrise is a captivating sight as the golden hues of the sun peek over the horizon, casting a warm glow upon the landscape. The sunset occurs between 5:00 PM and 6:00 PM, transforming the sky into a canvas of vibrant colors, ranging from fiery reds to deep purples. The interplay of light and shadow creates an ethereal ambiance, especially during the golden hour that follows sunset.
Solar Radiation and Influence on Climate
Pabna, located in the central-western region of Bangladesh, experiences a subtropical monsoon climate. The city receives abundant sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 260-280 sunny days annually. The intense solar radiation contributes to Pabna’s warm temperatures, which range from 18-30 degrees Celsius (64-86 degrees Fahrenheit) on average. The presence of the sun also influences the city’s rainfall patterns, as it drives the formation of clouds and precipitation. During the monsoon season, heavy rainfall occurs due to the interaction between the sun’s heat and moisture.
Appearance and Visibility
The moon, Earth’s celestial companion, exhibits captivating patterns and appearances in the sky over Pabna, Bangladesh. During the new moon phase, it remains invisible as it aligns with the sun. As the moon waxes, it gradually transforms into a thin crescent, transitioning through its quarter, gibbous, and finally full phases. The latter presents a radiant orb that bathes the landscape in soft, silvery light. Throughout the lunar cycle, the moon’s position changes against the backdrop of constellations and planets, creating a dynamic celestial tapestry.
Cultural Significance
The moon holds deep cultural significance in Pabna. Its phases guide religious observances, agricultural practices, and traditional festivals. During the Islamic month of Ramadan, the sighting of the new moon marks the commencement of fasting. Farmers rely on the lunar cycle to determine optimal planting and harvesting times for their crops. The full moon is often associated with the celebration of festivals such as Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha, bringing communities together for joyous gatherings and feasts. The moon’s influence also extends to language and folklore, with many Bengali proverbs and stories referencing its celestial beauty and cosmic significance.
Humidity in Pabna: Seasonal Variations
Pabna, Bangladesh experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity. During the monsoon season (June-September), humidity levels rise dramatically, often reaching 95% or higher. The high temperatures and abundant rainfall create a humid environment that can be uncomfortable and even hazardous for those with respiratory conditions. Conversely, during the winter months (December-February), humidity levels drop considerably, typically remaining below 60%. The cooler and drier climate during this period provides respite from the stifling humidity of the monsoon season.
Impacts of Humidity on Health and Infrastructure
High humidity levels can have a negative impact on human health, especially during the monsoon season. Excessive humidity can lead to heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and other heat-related illnesses. It can also exacerbate respiratory conditions such as asthma and bronchitis. Furthermore, high humidity can cause damage to infrastructure, such as buildings, roads, and bridges. The moisture can penetrate materials and cause them to degrade prematurely. Additionally, high humidity can contribute to the growth of mold and mildew, which can pose health risks and compromise the integrity of buildings.
Wind Patterns in Pabna
Pabna, a district in northwest Bangladesh, experiences distinct wind patterns throughout the year. During the dry season (October to April), the region is dominated by northwesterly winds originating from the Himalayas. These winds bring cool and dry air, providing relief from the scorching summer heat. The average wind speed during this period ranges from 3 to 6 knots.
During the monsoon season (May to September), the wind direction shifts to southeasterly, as moist air from the Bay of Bengal enters the region. These winds bring heavy rainfall, often accompanied by thunderstorms and strong gusts. The average wind speed during the monsoon can reach up to 12 knots or more, particularly during the passage of tropical cyclones.
Winter (December to February)
During the winter months, Pabna experiences pleasant weather with warm, sunny days and cool nights. The average temperature ranges between 10°C to 25°C, making it ideal for outdoor activities. The crisp, clear air offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside, and the golden sunlight casts a picturesque glow over the city. Although there may be occasional spells of fog, the overall conditions are favorable for sightseeing, nature walks, and leisurely excursions.
Spring (March to May)
Spring in Pabna signifies the arrival of warmer temperatures and the resurgence of nature. The days become noticeably warmer, with average temperatures reaching up to 30°C. The vibrant colors of spring flowers adorn the city, creating a beautiful natural tapestry. The weather is generally dry, with occasional showers providing a refreshing respite. Spring is a great time to visit Pabna for festivals and cultural events. The annual Pabna Festival, held in March, showcases local traditions, crafts, and performances.
Potential for Solar Energy in Pabna
Pabna, a district in northwestern Bangladesh, boasts significant potential for solar energy utilization. The region enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year due to its location in the Tropic of Cancer. Studies have shown that Pabna receives an average solar radiation of around 5.5 kWh/m2/day, making it suitable for grid-connected and off-grid solar power systems. The availability of favorable land areas and government incentives further enhances the viability of solar energy projects in the district.
Current Status and Implementation
The Bangladesh government has recognized the importance of solar energy and has implemented several initiatives to promote its adoption in Pabna. The Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) has established a 10 MW solar power plant in the district, which supplies electricity to the national grid. Additionally, numerous private sector companies have invested in solar energy projects, providing off-grid solutions to rural communities. The widespread deployment of solar home systems, solar irrigation pumps, and solar streetlights has significantly improved access to electricity in remote areas of Pabna.
Northern Floodplain
Pabna district lies within the northern floodplain of Bangladesh, characterized by a flat and low-lying topography. The elevation of this region ranges from 20 to 30 meters above sea level, with a gentle slope towards the Ganges River in the south. The floodplain is composed of fertile alluvial soils deposited by the Ganges and other rivers. The area is prone to seasonal flooding during the monsoon season, which can inundate large tracts of land and disrupt agricultural activities.
Adjacent Uplands
Pabna is bordered by several upland areas to the north and west. These uplands, known as the Barind Tract, rise gradually from the floodplain to elevations of up to 60 meters above sea level. The Barind Tract is characterized by rolling hills, shallow depressions, and hard lateritic soils. The transition zone between the floodplain and the Barind Tract is known as the Madhupur Terrace, which features a combination of flat and undulating terrain. The uplands provide a habitat for a variety of plant and animal species, including forests and wetlands.
Osmani International Airport, Sylhet
The nearest airport to Pabna, Bangladesh, is Osmani International Airport (ZYL), located approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) to the northeast in the city of Sylhet. The airport serves the northeastern region of Bangladesh and offers direct flights to several domestic destinations, including Dhaka, Chittagong, and Saidpur. It also has international connections to several major cities in India, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The airport is easily accessible from Pabna by road or rail, with a journey time of around 2-3 hours.
Other Nearby Airports
While Osmani International Airport is the closest option for air travel to Pabna, there are a few other airports within a reasonable distance that may also be considered:
- Shahjalal International Airport (DAC) in Dhaka is the largest and busiest airport in Bangladesh, located approximately 160 kilometers (100 miles) southwest of Pabna. It offers a wide range of domestic and international flights, including connections to major hubs in Europe, Asia, and North America.
- Saidpur Airport (SPD) is located in the city of Saidpur, approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) north of Pabna. It primarily serves domestic destinations, including Dhaka, Chittagong, and Rajshahi.
Geography and Demography
Pabna is a bustling city nestled in the heart of Bangladesh’s Pabna District. Bordered by the Padma River to the north and the Ichamati River to the south, the city is a major transportation hub connecting the country’s north and south. Pabna has a vibrant urban landscape, home to approximately 250,000 residents. The city boasts a diverse population, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the region.
History and Culture
Pabna’s history dates back centuries, with the area having played a significant role in the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. The city is dotted with historical landmarks, including the 17th-century Pabna Fort and the 19th-century Pabna Town Hall. Pabna is renowned for its artistic traditions, particularly its embroidery and pottery. The city is home to several cultural festivals throughout the year, celebrating the region’s rich heritage and vibrant performing arts.