Numan Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Nigeria

Climate:

Numan, Nigeria, boasts a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, spanning from April to October, brings heavy rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of around 1,000 mm. During this period, temperatures remain relatively constant, ranging from 26°C to 32°C. Conversely, the dry season, from November to March, is marked by scant rainfall and higher temperatures, reaching up to 40°C. However, the humidity levels remain high throughout the year, creating a muggy and uncomfortable environment.

Average Weather Year Round:

Numan experiences a predictable pattern of weather throughout the year. During the wet season, the city receives abundant rainfall, with June and July being the wettest months. The average temperature during this period hovers around 28°C, providing a humid and warm climate. The dry season brings clear skies and scorching temperatures, with December and January being the hottest months. The humidity levels remain high during the dry season, making the heat particularly oppressive. However, rainfall can occur sporadically during the dry season, although it is not as frequent as during the wet season.

Seasonal Variations in Temperature

Numan, Nigeria experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature. The hottest months are March and April, with average highs reaching 38°C (100°F) and lows of 24°C (75°F). During these months, the heat can be oppressive, especially in the afternoons. In contrast, the coolest months are December and January, when the average highs drop to around 30°C (86°F) and lows to 18°C (64°F). At this time, the weather is pleasant and comfortable.

Annual Temperature Range

The annual temperature range in Numan is relatively wide, with a difference of approximately 14°C (25°F) between the hottest and coldest months. This range is due to Nigeria’s tropical climate, which experiences a pronounced wet season and dry season. During the wet season, from April to October, the humidity is high, and the temperatures are more moderate. In the dry season, from November to March, the humidity decreases, and the temperatures become more extreme.

Cloud Types and Distribution:

Numan, Nigeria, experiences a wide variety of cloud formations. Cumulus clouds are common, appearing as puffy white clouds with flat bases. Cirrus clouds, characterized by their wispy, hair-like appearance, are also frequently observed. During the rainy season, towering cumulonimbus clouds dominate the sky, bringing heavy rainfall and occasional thunderstorms. Stratocumulus and altostratus clouds are less common but may appear as a layer of clouds covering the sky.

Seasonal Variations:

Cloud cover in Numan exhibits significant seasonal variations. The dry season, from November to March, is characterized by clear skies with minimal cloud cover. As the rainy season approaches in April, cloudiness gradually increases. The peak rainy season, from June to September, brings abundant cloud cover with frequent showers and thunderstorms. Cloudiness decreases again during the transition period in October and November. During the dry season, the presence of dust in the atmosphere can create a hazy appearance, affecting visibility and lightening the color of clouds.

Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation

Precipitation in Numan, Nigeria varies significantly throughout the year, primarily driven by the West African Monsoon. The dry season typically lasts from November to April, with minimal to no rainfall. The wet season, on the other hand, spans May to October and accounts for the majority of annual precipitation. During this period, Numan experiences heavy rainfall, with monthly totals regularly exceeding 200 millimeters. The peak of the rainy season occurs in August and September, when Numan receives over 300 millimeters of precipitation each month.

Total Annual Precipitation

Numan’s mean annual precipitation is approximately 1,200 millimeters. This amount is relatively high for central Nigeria, which tends to receive less rainfall than the coastal regions. The high precipitation in Numan is attributed to its location in the Benue Trough, a geological depression that facilitates the convergence of moisture-laden air masses during the wet season. As a result, Numan experiences frequent thunderstorms and heavy downpours, contributing to its abundant rainfall.

Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

Numan, located in northeastern Nigeria, experiences distinct seasonal rainfall patterns. During the wet season, which typically spans from April to October, the city receives heavy rainfall, with monthly precipitation often exceeding 150 millimeters. This season is characterized by frequent thunderstorms and intense downpours, which can lead to flooding and soil erosion in certain areas. The peak of the rainy season occurs between July and August, when the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is positioned over the region.

Annual Rainfall Trends

Numan’s annual rainfall has exhibited significant variability over the past several decades. While long-term averages suggest an annual precipitation of approximately 1,000 millimeters, there have been periods of extended drought as well as years with exceptionally heavy rainfall. In recent years, the city has experienced a slight decline in overall rainfall, particularly during the wet season. This trend is consistent with observations of decreasing rainfall across the Sahel region, which have been attributed to climate change and variations in ocean currents.

Unusual Occurrence

Numen, Nigeria, a town in the northeastern part of the country, witnessed an unprecedented snowfall in January 2023. Despite being situated in the tropical climate zone, the exceptional weather phenomenon sent shockwaves through the community. Residents awoke to find their homes, streets, and cars covered in a thick blanket of snow, creating a surreal winter wonderland. The unexpected snowfall brought joy to many, but it also raised concerns about the potential impact on the environment and local agriculture.

Speculations and Causes

Scientists and meteorologists were baffled by the snowfall in Numan, as it had not occurred in the region in living memory. Some speculated that it could be attributed to a combination of unusual atmospheric conditions and changing climate patterns. The Harmattan winds, which typically bring dry and dusty air from the Sahara Desert, may have carried moisture from the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in the formation of snow-bearing clouds. The low temperatures and high humidity at the time also contributed to the snowfall. The extreme weather event served as a stark reminder of the potential impacts of climate change and the need for adaptation strategies.

Sunrise and Sunset

In Numan, Nigeria, the timing of sunrise and sunset varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s orbit and tilt. During the summer months (June-September), the days are longer, resulting in early sunrises around 5:45 AM and late sunsets around 6:30 PM. In contrast, during the winter months (November-February), the days are shorter, with sunrises occurring around 6:30 AM and sunsets around 6:00 PM. The duration of daylight can range from approximately 12 hours in December to over 13 hours in June.

Sun Path

The path of the sun in Numan’s sky also varies with the seasons. During the summer months, the sun rises and sets slightly north of the east and west points, respectively. This means that the sun reaches its highest point in the sky (known as solar noon) around 12:45 PM. During the winter months, the sun rises and sets slightly south of the east and west points, resulting in a higher solar noon at approximately 1:15 PM. Additionally, the sun’s altitude (angle above the horizon) is higher during summer and lower during winter, affecting the intensity and duration of sunlight received.

Phases of the Moon in Numan

The Moon, a celestial body orbiting Earth, exhibits various phases as it reflects sunlight. In Numan, Nigeria, the Moon’s phases are influenced by its position relative to the Earth and Sun. During the new moon phase, when the Moon is positioned between the Earth and Sun, its dark side faces Earth, making it invisible. As the Moon continues its orbit, it gradually becomes visible as a crescent or sickle-shaped sliver, which grows brighter and larger over time. When the Moon is directly opposite the Sun, it appears as a full moon, with its entire illuminated surface facing Earth.

Lunar Cycle in Numan

The Moon’s phases in Numan follow a predictable pattern known as the lunar cycle, which takes approximately 29.5 days to complete. The waxing moon phase, from new moon to full moon, represents the Moon’s increasing illumination, while the waning moon phase, from full moon to new moon, indicates its decreasing illumination. The Moon’s phases play an integral role in shaping local traditions and practices in Numan. For example, farmers often plan their agricultural activities around the lunar cycle to maximize crop yields, while fishermen use the Moon’s light to enhance their nighttime fishing expeditions.

Humidity Levels

Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. Numan, Nigeria, experiences varying humidity levels throughout the year due to its tropical climate. During the dry season, from November to April, humidity levels tend to be lower, with an average relative humidity of around 30-45%. However, as the rainy season approaches, humidity levels start to rise significantly.

Impact of Humidity

The high humidity levels during the rainy season can have a notable impact on the comfort and well-being of the local population. High humidity can make the air feel oppressive and uncomfortable, especially during hot afternoons. Additionally, increased humidity can contribute to the growth of mold and mildew, both indoors and outdoors, which can lead to respiratory issues and other health concerns. Conversely, during the dry season, low humidity levels can cause skin and respiratory dryness, necessitating the use of moisturizers and humidifiers.

Prevailing Wind Patterns

Numan, Nigeria, experiences a distinct pattern of wind regimes influenced by its geographical location. During the wet season (May-October), the prevailing wind direction is southwesterly, bringing in moisture-laden air from the Atlantic Ocean. This wind flow contributes to the region’s high precipitation and humidity levels.

Seasonal Variations

The wind patterns in Numan undergo significant seasonal variations. During the dry season (November-April), the predominant wind direction shifts to the northeast or easterly. These winds carry drier air from the Sahara Desert and contribute to the characteristic arid conditions experienced in the region during this period. The intensity of these winds can also stir up dust and create low visibility conditions.

Impacts on the Environment and Local Life

The prevailing wind patterns in Numan play a crucial role in shaping its environment and influencing local life. The southwesterly winds during the wet season provide essential moisture for vegetation growth and support agricultural activities. However, the strong and dusty winds during the dry season can cause soil erosion, damage crops, and adversely affect human health. By understanding these wind patterns, communities can adopt appropriate measures to mitigate their impacts and harness the positive benefits they provide.

Dry Season (November-April):

The dry season in Numan offers the optimal time to visit for a multitude of reasons. The weather is generally clear and sunny with minimal rainfall, providing ideal conditions for outdoor activities and exploration. Temperatures are generally pleasant, ranging from the mid-70s to the mid-90s Fahrenheit (24-35 degrees Celsius). The dry season coincides with the harvest time for local farmers, and visitors can witness the bustling markets and vibrant cultural traditions associated with this period. Additionally, the lower water levels during the dry season make it a more suitable time for water-based activities such as boating and fishing.

Wet Season (May-October):

While the wet season in Numan brings more frequent rainfall, it also offers its own unique attractions. The landscape transforms into a lush green expanse, with blooming flowers and abundant vegetation. The thunderstorms that accompany the wet season can be spectacular, and the air is often fresh and invigorating. Temperatures remain warm, but humidity levels can be higher, making it essential to stay hydrated. Birdwatching enthusiasts may find the wet season particularly rewarding, as migratory birds seek refuge in the area’s wetlands and waterways. It is important to note, however, that some roads may become inaccessible during heavy rainfall, and visitors should plan accordingly.

Solar Energy Potential

Numan, Nigeria boasts abundant sunlight throughout the year, making it an ideal location for harnessing solar energy. The city receives an average of 5.5 kWh/m² of solar radiation daily, which is significantly higher than the global average. This potential has attracted both local and international investors to explore solar energy development in the region.

Solar Energy Projects and Infrastructure

To capitalize on the solar potential, several solar energy projects have been established in Numan and its surroundings. The largest of these is the 10 MW Numan Solar Power Plant, commissioned in 2016. This project generates enough electricity to power over 10,000 homes and businesses in the area. Additionally, numerous off-grid solar mini-grids have been installed in rural communities, providing access to clean and affordable electricity to those not connected to the national grid. These projects have significantly improved the quality of life for residents and played a vital role in promoting sustainable development in the region.

Geology and Geomorphology

Numan is located in the Benue Valley, a rift valley system that formed during the Cretaceous period. The valley is filled with sedimentary rocks, including sandstone, limestone, and shale. The topography of Numan is characterized by rolling hills and mesas, which are the remnants of ancient plateaus. The area is also dotted with numerous inselbergs, which are isolated hills that rise abruptly from the surrounding plain. The highest point in Numan is Mount Duma, which is located in the Duma Hills and rises to an elevation of 1,020 meters (3,346 feet) above sea level.

Hydrology

Numan is located on the banks of the Benue River, which is the second largest river in Nigeria. The Benue River flows through the Benue Valley and joins the Niger River at Lokoja. The area around Numan is also drained by several tributaries of the Benue River, including the Gongola River, the Mayo Belwa River, and the Faro River. The presence of these rivers and tributaries has helped to shape the topography of Numan and has created a rich and diverse ecosystem. The Benue River is an important source of water for the people of Numan and is used for irrigation, fishing, and transportation. The river also supports a variety of aquatic life, including fish, crocodiles, and hippos.

Yola Airport (YOL)

The closest airport to Numan, Nigeria is Yola Airport (YOL), located approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) northeast of the city. Operated by the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN), YOL is a domestic airport serving the city of Yola, the capital of Adamawa State, and the surrounding region. It has a single asphalt runway that can accommodate medium-sized aircraft, including Boeing 737s and Airbus A320s. YOL offers scheduled flights to major cities in Nigeria, including Abuja, Lagos, and Kano. Several airlines operate at the airport, including Air Peace, Arik Air, and Max Air.

Bauchi Airport (BCA)

Another airport within reasonable proximity to Numan is Bauchi Airport (BCA), located approximately 150 kilometers (93 miles) west of the city. BCA is a domestic airport serving the city of Bauchi, the capital of Bauchi State, and the surrounding region. It has a single asphalt runway that can accommodate medium-sized aircraft. BCA offers scheduled flights to Abuja and Lagos, connecting the region to other parts of Nigeria. Air Peace and Azman Air are the main airlines operating at the airport. While BCA is slightly farther from Numan than YOL, it may offer additional flight options and connections depending on the traveler’s itinerary.

History of Numan

Numan, a town located in Adamawa State, Nigeria, boasts a rich history dating back to the 17th century. It was originally founded by a Fulani clan known as the Modibbo Adamawa. Over time, Numan became an important center for trade and commerce, as well as a strategic military stronghold due to its location along the Benue River. In the 19th century, it was incorporated into the Sokoto Caliphate. During British colonial rule, Numan played a significant role in the resistance against European occupation. The town has been the site of numerous historical events, including battles and treaties.

Culture and Demography

Numan is a culturally diverse town with a predominantly Muslim population. The people of Numan speak a variety of languages, including Fulfulde, Hausa, and Bachama. The town is known for its vibrant festivals and traditional dances, such as the “Sharo” festival. Numan is home to several historical sites, including the tomb of Modibbo Adamawa, the founder of the town. Agriculture is the primary economic activity, with the cultivation of crops such as sorghum, maize, and yams being prevalent. The town also boasts a small-scale manufacturing sector and a thriving market. Numan is well-connected by road and river, and is easily accessible from the major cities of Abuja and Yola.