Norfolk Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – United States

Summer:

Norfolk experiences hot and humid summers, with average temperatures reaching the mid to upper 80s (°F). The humidity can make the heat feel even more oppressive, and heat indices often exceed 100°F. July is the warmest month, with average temperatures hovering around 89°F. Summer is also the wettest season, with frequent thunderstorms and occasional tropical storms or hurricanes. The average rainfall during this period is around 10 inches.

Winter:

Winters in Norfolk are mild compared to other parts of the country, with average temperatures in the mid-40s (°F). January is the coldest month, with average temperatures dipping to around 39°F. Snowfall is rare, but freezing rain and icy conditions can occur. The average annual snowfall is less than 5 inches. Winter is also the driest season, with an average rainfall of around 4 inches.

Seasonal Averages

Norfolk, Virginia, experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature. During the summer months (June to August), the average high temperature hovers around the mid-80s Fahrenheit (29.4 degrees Celsius), while the average low remains in the high 60s Fahrenheit (20.6 degrees Celsius). In contrast, winter (December to February) brings a significant drop in temperatures, with average highs typically in the mid-40s Fahrenheit (7.2 degrees Celsius) and lows dipping into the upper 20s Fahrenheit (-2.2 degrees Celsius). Spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) serve as transitional seasons, offering a comfortable blend of warm and cool days, with average high temperatures ranging from the mid-50s to mid-70s Fahrenheit (12.8 to 23.9 degrees Celsius).

Precipitation and Temperature

The average annual precipitation in Norfolk is approximately 46 inches (116 centimeters), which is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year. However, the city does experience occasional heavy rainfall events, particularly during the summer and fall months. This precipitation can sometimes lead to localized flooding, but it also contributes to the city’s lush green landscapes. Precipitation can also impact temperatures, as rain and clouds can provide shade and lower daytime highs. Conversely, a lack of precipitation can result in higher temperatures due to increased solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface.

Cumulus Clouds: Fair Weather Friends

Cumulus clouds grace the skies of Norfolk as fluffy white cotton balls, their towering summits resembling mounds of whipped cream. These fair-weather clouds often appear on sunny mornings, marking the start of a pleasant day. They range from isolated puffballs to larger clusters, casting soft shadows as they drift lazily overhead. Cumulus clouds typically dissipate as the day progresses, giving way to clear skies.

Stratus Clouds: Gray Guests from Above

Stratus clouds cloak Norfolk in a monotonous gray blanket, covering the heavens like a somber veil. These uniform sheets of clouds produce a perpetual drizzle or light rain, adding a melancholy touch to the landscape. Stratus clouds often linger for hours, obscuring the sun and casting a gloomy atmosphere over the city. They can persist for multiple days, bringing extended periods of overcast conditions. During winter, stratus clouds can turn into dreary fog, further reducing visibility and dampening the spirits.

Monthly Precipitation Patterns

Norfolk, Virginia, experiences significant precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of approximately 43 inches. The wettest months are typically June, July, and August, each receiving an average of over 4 inches of rain. During these summer months, thunderstorms and heavy downpours are common, particularly in the afternoons and evenings. The driest months are usually December, January, and February, with average rainfall of less than 3 inches per month. During these winter months, precipitation often takes the form of drizzle or light rain.

Seasonal Influences on Precipitation

The seasonal distribution of precipitation in Norfolk is primarily driven by the movement of weather systems and the location of the city within the mid-latitude zone. During the summer months, the warm and moist air of the Gulf of Mexico flows northward, bringing frequent thunderstorms and heavy rainfall to the region. In the winter months, the prevailing wind patterns shift, bringing colder and drier air from the northwest, resulting in less frequent and lighter precipitation. Additionally, the proximity of Norfolk to the Atlantic Ocean also influences precipitation patterns, as moisture from the ocean can contribute to rain and snowfall events during the colder months.

Average Annual Rainfall

Norfolk, located in Virginia, receives an average of 46 inches of rainfall annually. This precipitation is distributed relatively evenly throughout the year, with slightly drier conditions in the winter months. The average monthly rainfall ranges from 3 inches in December to 4.5 inches in September. Norfolk’s annual rainfall is slightly higher than the national average of 38 inches.

Seasonal Variation

Despite the even distribution of rainfall throughout the year, Norfolk does experience some seasonal variation in precipitation. The summer months tend to be slightly wetter than the winter months. The wettest season is from May to September, when the city receives an average of 26 inches of rain. During this period, Norfolk is often affected by tropical storms and hurricanes, which can bring heavy rainfall and flooding.

Historical Snowfall Patterns

Norfolk, Virginia, situated in the southeastern United States, experiences relatively infrequent snowfall compared to other parts of the country. However, snowfall events do occur periodically, with varying intensities and durations. Historical records indicate that Norfolk has received measurable snowfall in approximately 50% of winters between 1949 and 2020. The average annual snowfall accumulation during this period was a modest 1.1 inches, with the highest single-season total reaching 13.8 inches in the winter of 1995-1996.

Recent Snowfall Trends

In recent years, snowfall patterns in Norfolk have shown some variability. The 2018-2019 winter season was exceptionally snowy, with 10.4 inches of accumulation, while the following winter witnessed only 0.3 inches. The past five winters have had an average snowfall of 2.8 inches, slightly higher than the long-term average. It is important to note that climate change may influence future snowfall trends, making it challenging to predict the frequency and intensity of snowfall events in Norfolk.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

The time of sunrise and sunset in Norfolk, Virginia, varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and orbit. During the summer months, the days are longer and the sun rises earlier and sets later. For example, in June, sunrise occurs around 5:45 AM and sunset around 8:30 PM. In contrast, during the winter months, the days are shorter and the sun rises later and sets earlier. For instance, in December, sunrise occurs around 7:15 AM and sunset around 5:30 PM.

Average Sunlight Hours

Norfolk receives an average of 2,674 hours of sunshine per year, which is slightly above the national average for the United States. The sunniest months are typically July and August, with an average of over 11 hours of sunshine per day. The cloudiest months are typically January and February, with an average of around 5 hours of sunshine per day. Overall, Norfolk enjoys plenty of sunshine throughout the year, making it an ideal location for outdoor activities and tourism.

Phases of the Moon

The moon’s phases occur due to its changing position relative to the Earth and the Sun. As the moon orbits the Earth, it reflects sunlight. The amount of sunlight reflected back to us determines the phase we see. There are four main phases: new moon, waxing crescent, full moon, and waning crescent. These phases repeat in a 29.5-day cycle.

New Moon: The new moon occurs when the moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun. Since the unlit side of the moon faces us, it is not visible from Earth.
Waxing Crescent: As the moon moves away from the Sun, a sliver of sunlight starts to illuminate its near side. This is known as a waxing crescent.
Full Moon: A full moon occurs when the moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun. The entire lit side of the moon faces us, creating a bright, circular shape.
Waning Crescent: After the full moon, the lit side of the moon gradually decreases, and we observe a waning crescent.

Lunar Eclipses

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth moves directly between the Moon and the Sun, blocking sunlight from reaching the Moon. There are two types of lunar eclipses: total and partial.

Total Lunar Eclipse: During a total lunar eclipse, the entire Moon falls within the Earth’s shadow, known as the umbra. The Moon turns a deep red color, often referred to as a “blood moon.”
Partial Lunar Eclipse: In a partial lunar eclipse, only part of the Moon enters the Earth’s shadow, while the rest remains illuminated. The unshadowed portion of the Moon appears bright, while the shadowed portion appears dark.

Relative Humidity in Norfolk

Norfolk experiences significant variability in relative humidity levels throughout the year, primarily influenced by its coastal location and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. During the summer months (June-September), relative humidity typically ranges between 65-80%, with frequent warm and muggy conditions. The high humidity levels are caused by the warm, moist air from the ocean.

In contrast, during the winter months (December-February), relative humidity can drop to 50-60%, leading to drier conditions. This decrease in humidity is due to the cooler temperatures and reduced evaporation from the ocean. However, it’s important to note that even during winter, Norfolk can experience episodes of higher humidity associated with warm fronts or storms moving through the region. Overall, Norfolk’s relative humidity levels contribute to its overall climate conditions, affecting outdoor activities, comfort levels, and the prevalence of certain weather phenomena.

Climate and Wind Patterns

Norfolk, Virginia, located on the southeastern coast of the United States, experiences a humid subtropical climate characterized by hot, humid summers and mild winters. The city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay significantly influences its wind patterns. The prevailing wind direction in Norfolk is from the west or southwest, carrying moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. During the summer months, these winds provide a cooling breeze, while in the winter, they can bring unseasonably warm temperatures.

Effects of Wind on Norfolk

The prevailing wind patterns in Norfolk have both positive and negative effects on the city. The westerly winds help to moderate temperatures, reducing the severity of summer heat and winter cold. However, strong winds can also cause damage to infrastructure and vegetation. Notably, Norfolk is located within the Atlantic hurricane belt and is prone to severe storms during the hurricane season. The city’s wind patterns can exacerbate the impacts of hurricanes by increasing wind speeds and driving storm surge into coastal areas. To mitigate these risks, Norfolk has implemented strict building codes and emergency response plans to protect against wind damage.

Spring (April-May):

Spring in Norfolk offers a delightful blend of mild temperatures, blooming flowers, and vibrant greenery. The average temperature hovers around 60 degrees Fahrenheit, making it an ideal time for outdoor exploration. The city’s parks and gardens come alive with colorful blooms, creating a picturesque backdrop for strolls and picnics. Norfolk Botanical Garden showcases a breathtaking display of azaleas, tulips, and dogwoods, while the Chrysler Museum of Art offers a renowned collection of glass art that complements the season’s vibrant hues.

Fall (September-November):

Fall in Norfolk brings a touch of magic to the city. As summer’s heat subsides, the temperatures range between 50 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit, providing a comfortable climate for exploring the city’s cultural attractions and coastal landscapes. The changing leaves paint the surrounding forests and parks in a vibrant palette of reds, oranges, and yellows, creating a breathtaking spectacle. The Virginia Zoo offers a unique fall experience with its “ZooBoo” event, while the Virginia Arts Festival presents a diverse lineup of performances. The crisp autumn air also makes it an excellent time for kayaking or fishing in the calm waters of the Chesapeake Bay.

Solar Potential in Norfolk

Norfolk, located in Virginia, boasts a favorable solar potential due to its ample sunshine throughout the year. The city receives an average of 2,500 sunshine hours annually, which is slightly higher than the national average. This abundant sunlight makes solar energy a viable option for residents and businesses in Norfolk. The city’s geographical location, with a flat terrain and minimal obstructions, further enhances its suitability for solar installations.

Adoption and Benefits

The adoption of solar energy in Norfolk has been growing in recent years, driven by both economic and environmental incentives. The city offers net metering, which allows solar system owners to sell excess electricity they generate back to the grid at retail rates. This can significantly reduce energy bills and increase the financial returns on solar investments. Additionally, Norfolk provides rebates and tax breaks for solar installations, encouraging residents to embrace renewable energy sources. Solar energy also contributes to cleaner air and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, offering environmental benefits for the community.

Coastal Plain

The Norfolk area lies within the Atlantic Coastal Plain, a vast, gently sloping region that extends from New Jersey to Florida. The topography of this region is characterized by low-lying, relatively flat land with elevations typically ranging from sea level to a few hundred feet. The coastal plain is composed of layers of sedimentary rocks, including sand, clay, and gravel, that were deposited over millions of years by ancient seas and rivers.

Norfolk’s Landscape

Norfolk is situated on the south shore of the Chesapeake Bay, and its topography is heavily influenced by the presence of the bay and its tributaries. The city’s waterfront areas are low-lying, with elevations only a few feet above sea level. Moving away from the water, the land gradually rises, forming gentle slopes and rolling hills. The highest point in Norfolk is Mount Trashmore, an artificial hill created from a former landfill, which stands at an elevation of approximately 200 feet above sea level. Overall, Norfolk’s topography is diverse, ranging from flat coastal plains to higher elevations in the western and southern portions of the city.

Norfolk International Airport (ORF)

Norfolk International Airport (ORF) is the closest and most convenient airport to Norfolk, Virginia, and the surrounding Hampton Roads region. Located just 5 miles northeast of downtown Norfolk, ORF offers direct flights to major cities across the United States, including Atlanta, Baltimore, Charlotte, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia. International flights are available to destinations such as Toronto, Canada, and Cancun, Mexico. ORF is a hub for Allegiant Air, Breeze Airways, Frontier Airlines, and Spirit Airlines, providing low-cost options to a variety of destinations.

Travel Options

To get to Norfolk from ORF, travelers can utilize the Norfolk City Bus, which provides service between the airport and downtown Norfolk seven days a week. The journey takes approximately 35 minutes and costs around $2.00. For a more comfortable and convenient option, taxis and ride-sharing services are widely available at the airport. The average fare to downtown Norfolk ranges from $20 to $30. Rental cars are also a popular choice, with several major rental companies operating at ORF. The drive to downtown Norfolk takes around 15 minutes.

History and Culture

Norfolk, located in southeastern Virginia, has a rich history dating back to the 17th century. It was founded by English settlers and served as the capital of the Virginia Colony. During the American Revolution, Norfolk played a crucial role as a port city and was the site of a major naval battle. In the 19th century, the city became a center for shipping and commerce. Today, Norfolk is a vibrant city with a diverse population and a rich cultural heritage. It is home to the Chrysler Museum of Art, which houses an impressive collection of American and European art. The city also hosts several festivals throughout the year, including the Norfolk International Jazz Festival and the Virginia Arts Festival.

Economy and Transportation

Norfolk’s economy is driven by a diverse range of industries, including shipbuilding, manufacturing, and tourism. The city is home to the world’s largest naval shipyard, as well as several major manufacturing plants. Norfolk is also a popular tourist destination, with attractions such as the Virginia Zoo and the Battleship Wisconsin Museum. The city has a well-developed transportation system, including an international airport, a major seaport, and an extensive network of highways and public transportation. Norfolk is also connected to the rest of the country by Amtrak’s Northeast Regional line.