Niono Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Mali

Climate

Niono, Mali experiences a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry season, spanning from November to April, is characterized by hot and dry conditions, with minimal rainfall. Temperatures during this period typically range from 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F). The wet season, from May to October, brings heavy rainfall, particularly during the months of July and August. During this period, temperatures moderate slightly, ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F).

Average Weather Year Round

  • January: Hot and dry, with average temperatures between 24°C and 33°C (75°F and 91°F), and little to no rainfall.
  • February: Similar to January, with hot and dry conditions and average temperatures ranging from 24°C to 33°C (75°F and 91°F).
  • March: Gradually warming, with average temperatures between 25°C and 34°C (77°F and 93°F), and slightly increased rainfall.
  • April: Hot and dry, with average temperatures from 26°C to 35°C (79°F and 95°F), and minimal rainfall.
  • May: The transition month to the wet season, with increasing humidity and average temperatures ranging from 25°C to 33°C (77°F and 91°F).
  • June: Humid and rainy, with average temperatures between 24°C and 32°C (75°F and 89°F), and significant rainfall.
  • July: The wettest month, with average temperatures from 23°C to 30°C (73°F and 86°F) and heavy rainfall.
  • August: Similar to July, with high rainfall and average temperatures ranging from 23°C to 30°C (73°F and 86°F).
  • September: Gradually drying out, with average temperatures between 23°C and 31°C (73°F and 88°F), and decreasing rainfall.
  • October: Dry and warm, with average temperatures from 24°C to 32°C (75°F and 89°F), and occasional rainfall.
  • November: Hot and dry, with average temperatures between 24°C and 33°C (75°F and 91°F), and little to no rainfall.
  • December: Similar to November, with hot and dry conditions and average temperatures ranging from 24°C to 33°C (75°F and 91°F).

Niono’s Temperature Patterns

Niono, located in central Mali, experiences a semi-arid climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The average annual temperature in Niono is approximately 28.5 degrees Celsius (83 degrees Fahrenheit). Niono’s daily temperature variations are not as significant as in other regions of Mali.

During the peak of the dry season, which spans from November to April, Niono’s daily temperatures hover around 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). The hottest months are March and April, when temperatures can soar over 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). Conversely, the rainy season, lasting from May to October, brings cooler temperatures with daily averages of 25-28 degrees Celsius (77-82 degrees Fahrenheit).

Types of Clouds in Niono, Mali

Niono, Mali, is located in the Sahelian zone of West Africa, which is characterized by a semi-arid climate with a distinct wet and dry season. The region experiences various cloud types throughout the year, influenced by the seasonal changes in atmospheric conditions. During the wet season (June to October), the predominant cloud type is cumulonimbus, which brings thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. These clouds are massive, anvil-shaped, and often reach high altitudes, releasing torrential downpours and lightning. Other common cloud types during the wet season include cumulus congestus, which are towering cauliflower-shaped clouds that may develop into cumulonimbus, and altocumulus castellanus, which have a characteristic castle-like appearance.

Seasonal Variations in Cloud Cover

The cloud cover in Niono, Mali, varies significantly throughout the year. During the dry season (November to May), the sky is typically clear with minimal cloud cover. As the wet season approaches, the frequency and intensity of cloud cover increase, reaching a peak during July and August. The presence of clouds plays a crucial role in regulating the region’s temperature and precipitation patterns. Clouds reflect sunlight, reducing the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground, which helps moderate daytime temperatures. Additionally, clouds retain moisture and release it as precipitation, which replenishes water bodies, supports vegetation growth, and sustains the local ecosystem.

Distribution and Variability

Niono, Mali is located in the Sahel region of West Africa, which is characterized by a semi-arid climate with high temperatures and low precipitation. The average annual precipitation in Niono is approximately 600 mm (24 inches), with the majority falling during the rainy season from June to September. During this season, heavy rainfall events can occur, particularly during July and August. The driest months are November to May, when precipitation is scarce. The variability in precipitation can be significant, with some years experiencing much higher or lower rainfall amounts than the average.

Impact on Agriculture and Water Resources

Precipitation plays a crucial role in agriculture and water resources in Niono. The timing and amount of rainfall during the rainy season determine the success of crops, such as millet, sorghum, and rice, which are the main staples for the local population. Inadequate or erratic rainfall can lead to crop failure and food insecurity. Water resources are also heavily dependent on precipitation. The Niono region relies on groundwater aquifers for drinking water and irrigation, and the recharge of these aquifers depends on the rainfall during the rainy season. In years with below-average rainfall, water scarcity can become a significant challenge for communities in the area.

Average Rainfall

Niono, Mali, experiences a tropical savanna climate with a distinct wet season and dry season. The average annual rainfall in Niono is approximately 600mm (24 inches). The wet season typically extends from May to October, during which most of the annual rainfall occurs. During this period, heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common, and the region experiences lush vegetation growth.

Seasonal Variation

The dry season in Niono spans from November to April, characterized by minimal rainfall and high temperatures. During this time, the vegetation dries out, and the landscape becomes arid. However, even during the dry season, occasional showers may occur, providing some relief from the scorching heat. The transition between seasons is marked by gradual changes in rainfall patterns and temperature, with the onset of the wet season typically bringing welcome relief from the harsh conditions of the dry season.

Occurrence and Rarity

Snowfall in Niono, Mali, is an extremely rare phenomenon. Niono is located in central Mali, a region characterized by a hot and arid climate. Temperatures typically range from 22 to 38 degrees Celsius (72 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit) throughout the year. The absence of freezing temperatures and humidity makes snowfall virtually impossible. Recorded instances of snowfall in Niono are extremely limited and have occurred sporadically throughout history.

Exceptional Event of 1970

The most notable incident of snowfall in Niono occurred on December 19, 1970. A strong cold front swept across the region, bringing with it a significant drop in temperatures. The temperature plummeted to an all-time low of -2 degrees Celsius (28 degrees Fahrenheit), accompanied by a mixture of rain and snow. The snowfall lasted for approximately 30 minutes, covering the ground with a thin layer of white. This exceptional event was widely reported and remains etched in the collective memory of the Niono community.

Sunrise and Sunset Times in Niono

The sun rises and sets in Niono, Mali, at different times throughout the year. The length of daylight varies, and the variations are primarily dependent on the Earth’s axial tilt and orbital position around the sun. During the summer months, Niono experiences longer days, with sunrise occurring earlier and sunset happening later. Conversely, in the winter months, the days are shorter, and sunrise and sunset times are closer together.

Solar Intensity and Radiation

Niono, Mali, is located in a region with high solar intensity. The sun’s rays are strong throughout the year, and the levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV) are substantial. It is essential to take precautions to protect against UV radiation, such as wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, and applying sunscreen. Niono experiences high levels of solar radiation, which can be beneficial for renewable energy sources like solar panels. However, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can pose health risks, including sunburn, heat stroke, and skin cancer.

Moonrise and Moonset Time in Niono, Mali

The moonrise and moonset times in Niono, Mali, vary slightly throughout the year. During the summer months, the moon rises around 6:00 PM and sets around 6:00 AM. In the winter months, the moon rises around 7:00 PM and sets around 7:00 AM. However, these times can vary by a few minutes depending on the specific day and time of year.

Moon Phase in Niono, Mali

The moon phase in Niono, Mali, also varies throughout the month. The new moon, when the moon is not visible from Earth, occurs about once a month. The full moon, when the entire face of the moon is illuminated by the sun, occurs about two weeks after the new moon. The first quarter moon, when half of the moon is illuminated, occurs about one week after the new moon. The last quarter moon, when the other half of the moon is illuminated, occurs about one week after the full moon.

Monthly Humidity Patterns

Niono, Mali, experiences distinct monthly humidity patterns throughout the year. During the dry season, which spans from October to April, humidity levels remain relatively low, averaging around 20-35%. This is due to the prevalence of dry, Saharan air masses that dominate the region during this period.

During the humid season, which runs from May to September, humidity levels in Niono soar, reaching an average of 50-70%. This increase is attributed to the southward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which brings warm, moist air from the Atlantic Ocean. The highest humidity levels occur in August and September, coinciding with the peak of the rainy season.

Impact on Comfort and Health

The high humidity levels during the humid season can significantly impact human comfort and health. Prolonged exposure to high humidity can lead to heat stress, fatigue, and discomfort. Individuals with respiratory conditions may experience increased difficulty breathing, as the moist air can irritate the airways. Additionally, high humidity can provide a favorable environment for mold and mildew growth, which can pose health risks to occupants of buildings and homes.

During the dry season, the low humidity levels can also have adverse effects. Dry air can cause skin irritation, dryness, and dehydration. It can also lead to respiratory discomfort, as the dry air can irritate the nasal passages and throat. Maintaining adequate indoor humidity levels during the dry season is essential to minimize these effects and ensure comfort and well-being.

Wind Speed and Direction

Niono, a town in central Mali, experiences a tropical savanna climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The prevailing wind direction during the wet season (June to October) is from the southwest, bringing moisture from the Atlantic Ocean. During the dry season (November to May), the wind direction shifts to the northeast, carrying dry air from the Sahara Desert.

The average wind speed in Niono varies throughout the year. During the wet season, the wind speed ranges from 5 to 10 knots (10 to 19 kilometers per hour). During the dry season, the wind speed increases significantly, reaching up to 15 to 20 knots (28 to 37 kilometers per hour) at times. These strong winds often raise dust and sand storms, reducing visibility and impacting local air quality.

General Overview:

Niono, Mali, offers unique experiences year-round. However, the best time to visit depends on your preferences. The dry season, from November to April, provides pleasant weather with warm temperatures and clear skies. This period is ideal for outdoor activities like exploring the surrounding savannah or witnessing the annual sand dunes festival. December and January are particularly notable for their cooler nights, making it a comfortable time to camp under the stars.

Specific Seasons:

For those seeking cultural immersion, the rainy season (June to October) offers a burst of life with abundant vegetation and vibrant wildlife. The landscape transforms into a lush paradise, and local villages come alive with traditional ceremonies and celebrations. However, be prepared for occasional rainfall and potentially muddy conditions during this period. If you’re particularly interested in birdwatching, the wetlands around Niono host a wide variety of migratory species during the rainy season. Alternatively, the shoulder months of May and November offer a balance between the dry and rainy seasons, with occasional rain but generally clear and comfortable conditions.

Solar Energy Potential

Niono, Mali possesses abundant solar energy resources, making it a prime location for harnessing solar power. The region receives an average of seven to eight peak sunlight hours per day, with minimal cloud cover. This high solar irradiance presents a significant opportunity for the development of solar energy projects. The Malian government has recognized the potential and has set ambitious targets for renewable energy, including a 20% share of solar power by 2030.

Current Projects and Initiatives

Several solar energy projects are currently underway in Niono. The largest project is a 50-megawatt solar plant that is expected to provide power to over 200,000 households. Other notable initiatives include the installation of solar panels on schools and health centers, and the distribution of solar lanterns to rural communities. These efforts aim to improve access to affordable and clean energy, particularly in underserved areas where grid connectivity is limited.

Natural Features and Drainage

Niono is situated in central Mali, located between the Niger River and the Bandiagara Escarpment. The region is characterized by a flat and gently rolling terrain, with an average elevation of around 250 meters (820 feet). The Niger River flows east of the city, providing irrigation and supporting agriculture. The surrounding area is dotted with small hills and valleys, forming a diverse landscape.

Climate and Vegetation

Niono experiences a tropical savanna climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season spans from June to September, while the dry season lasts from October to May. During the wet season, heavy rainfall and thunderstorms are common. The average annual rainfall is around 600 millimeters (24 inches). The vegetation in the area is primarily savanna grassland, with scattered trees and shrubs. The land is used for grazing, farming, and some forestry.

Nearest Airport in Niono, Mali

The closest airport to Niono is the Mopti Airport (MZI), located approximately 190 kilometers (118 miles) to the southeast. Mopti Airport is a small regional airport that serves the city of Mopti and the surrounding area. It has limited flight options, with Air Mali and Sky Mali offering scheduled flights to and from Bamako, the capital city of Mali. The flight time from Bamako to Mopti is approximately 30 minutes. From Mopti, travelers can take a bus or taxi to reach Niono, which takes about 3 to 4 hours.

Additional Travel Options

For travelers who prefer a more direct route, there are no direct flights from major international airports to Niono. Most travelers will need to connect through Bamako or another major city in Mali. The nearest international airport is Modibo Keita International Airport (BKO) in Bamako, approximately 440 kilometers (273 miles) from Niono. From Bamako, travelers can take a domestic flight to Mopti or Segou, and then continue their journey to Niono by bus or taxi. The total travel time from Bamako to Niono, including transit, is typically around 5 to 6 hours.

History of Niono, Mali

Niono is a town and commune in the Ségou Region of southern Mali. It is located on the Niger River, 115 miles northeast of Ségou. Niono was founded in the 17th century by the Fulani people. In the 19th century, it became a center of the Fulani Empire. After the fall of the empire, Niono was incorporated into French West Africa. In 1960, Mali gained independence and Niono became part of the new nation. Niono was designated as a commune in 1972.

Economy of Niono, Mali

The economy of Niono is based on agriculture. The main crops are rice, millet, sorghum, maize, and cotton. Niono is also home to a number of livestock farms. The town has a small market where local farmers can sell their goods. Niono is also a center for fishing and hunting. The Niger River provides a source of food and income for the people of Niono. Some of the most common fish caught in the river include catfish, carp, and tilapia. Niono is also home to a number of small businesses, including shops, restaurants, and bars.