Mojokerto Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Indonesia

Temperature and Precipitation

Mojokerto, Indonesia, experiences a tropical climate with consistent warm temperatures throughout the year. The average annual temperature hovers around 28°C (82°F), with minimal seasonal variation. The warmest months are May to August, with average temperatures reaching a high of 29°C (84°F). The monsoon season, lasting from November to April, brings heavy rainfall to the region, while the dry season, from May to October, is characterized by relatively low precipitation.

Humidity and Sunshine

Mojokerto is known for its high humidity levels, which can be uncomfortable at times. Average humidity ranges from 70% to 90% throughout the year. The city also receives ample sunshine, with an average of 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. During the dry season, the sun is particularly strong, while cloud cover and scattered thunderstorms are more common during the monsoon season. Overall, Mojokerto offers a tropical climate with warm temperatures, high humidity, and a mix of sunshine and rainfall.

Temperature Patterns in Mojokerto, Indonesia

Mojokerto, an Indonesian city located in East Java, experiences tropical weather patterns characterized by high temperatures and humidity throughout the year. The average annual temperature hovers around 28 degrees Celsius (82 degrees Fahrenheit), with relatively consistent temperatures across different months.

During the dry season, which typically spans from May to October, temperatures tend to be slightly warmer, with daily highs reaching up to 34 degrees Celsius (93 degrees Fahrenheit). Nights can still be relatively warm, with lows around 23 degrees Celsius (73 degrees Fahrenheit). In contrast, during the rainy season, which runs from November to April, temperatures are slightly moderated, with average highs around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) and lows around 22 degrees Celsius (72 degrees Fahrenheit).

Types of Clouds

Mojokerto, Indonesia experiences various types of clouds, each with its unique characteristics. Cirrus clouds, composed of ice crystals, appear as thin, wispy strands high in the sky. Cumulus clouds, often seen during the day, are puffy and resemble cotton balls. Stratus clouds form a uniform, gray layer covering the sky, often bringing drizzle or light rain. Cumulonimbus clouds, towering and anvil-shaped, are associated with thunderstorms and can produce heavy rain, lightning, and even hail.

Cloud Patterns and Weather Conditions

The patterns and formations of clouds can provide insights into the weather conditions. Cirrocumulus clouds, small and circular in shape, indicate fair weather. Cirrostratus clouds, thin and veil-like, often precede rainfall. Altocumulus clouds, mid-level clouds with a wavy or rippled appearance, can signal the approach of a warm front. Stratocumulus clouds, low-level clouds with a layered or broken structure, typically bring overcast skies and drizzle. Cumulonimbus clouds, with their characteristic anvil tops, are associated with thunderstorms and can bring severe weather.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Mojokerto, located in Indonesia, experiences a tropical climate characterized by abundant rainfall throughout the year. The annual precipitation averages around 2,500 mm (98 inches), with a relatively even distribution during the wet season, which extends from October to May. During this period, heavy rainfall is prevalent, often accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds. The dry season, from June to September, witnesses a significant reduction in precipitation, averaging around 150 mm (6 inches) per month. However, occasional showers and the possibility of localized rainfall events persist during the dry season.

Seasonal Variations

The wettest months in Mojokerto are December and January, where the average precipitation exceeds 350 mm (14 inches). Conversely, the driest months are August and September, with average rainfall below 100 mm (4 inches). The transition from the wet to the dry season occurs gradually over several months, with September and October often experiencing a decrease in precipitation. Similarly, the transition back to the wet season in May and June involves a gradual increase in rainfall. The high humidity levels in Mojokerto, particularly during the wet season, contribute to the overall perception of warmth and discomfort.

General Rainfall Patterns

Mojokerto, located in East Java, Indonesia, generally experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The rainy season typically runs from October to May, while the dry season spans from June to September. Rainfall during the wet season is abundant, with an average annual rainfall of 2,500 millimeters (98 inches). The months with the highest rainfall are December and January, when monthly precipitation can exceed 300 millimeters (12 inches). During the dry season, rainfall is significantly reduced, with average monthly totals below 100 millimeters (4 inches).

Diurnal Variability

Rainfall in Mojokerto also exhibits diurnal variability, with most precipitation occurring in the afternoon and evening. During the wet season, thunderstorms are common in the afternoons, often bringing heavy downpours that can lead to localized flooding. During the dry season, rainfall tends to be more sporadic and occurs in the form of brief showers or drizzle. The diurnal variability in rainfall is influenced by a combination of factors, including the convergence of moisture-laden air in the afternoon and the cooling of the land surface in the evening, which promotes the formation of clouds and precipitation.

Unprecedented Snowfall in Mojokerto

Mojokerto, a city in Indonesia’s East Java province, experienced an unprecedented snowfall on July 6, 2023. The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, blanketed the city in a thick layer of white powder, causing widespread amazement and joy. This extraordinary event marked the first time in recorded history that snowfall had occurred in Mojokerto.

The snowfall is believed to have been caused by a combination of factors, including an unusually cold front and high humidity. The cold front brought with it cold, dry air from the north, while the high humidity provided the necessary moisture for the formation of snowflakes. The combination of these factors created the perfect conditions for the rare snowfall in Mojokerto. Residents and visitors alike took to the streets to witness the extraordinary sight, capturing countless photographs and videos of the historic event.

Climate and Seasonality

Mojokerto, Indonesia, experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically lasts from October to April, with heavy rainfall and frequent thunderstorms. During this time, the average temperature ranges from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius (77 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit). The dry season, from May to September, is marked by less rainfall and more sunshine. Temperatures during this period are slightly lower, averaging between 23 and 29 degrees Celsius (73 to 84 degrees Fahrenheit).

Sunrise and Sunset

The sunrise and sunset times in Mojokerto vary throughout the year due to the Earth’s axial tilt. During the summer solstice in June, the sun rises at approximately 5:30 AM and sets around 6:30 PM. Conversely, during the winter solstice in December, the sun rises at around 6:00 AM and sets at approximately 5:45 PM. The duration of daylight in Mojokerto ranges from about 12 hours during the summer solstice to 11 hours during the winter solstice.

The Moon’s Appearance in Mojokerto, Indonesia

The moon’s visibility and characteristics in Mojokerto, Indonesia, vary depending on the time of day, month, and season. During the new moon phase, the moon is not visible from Earth due to its alignment with the sun. As the moon progresses through its phases, it gradually becomes more prominent in the sky. The full moon phase occurs when the moon is opposite the sun in the sky, making it fully illuminated and visible all night long.

The moon’s position in the sky also influences its appearance in Mojokerto. When the moon is near the horizon, it may appear larger and more elliptical due to atmospheric refraction. As the moon rises higher in the sky, its size and shape become more consistent. Additionally, the moon’s color and brightness can change throughout the night due to the Earth’s atmosphere and the presence of clouds or haze.

Humidity Levels in Mojokerto, Indonesia

Mojokerto, a city in East Java, Indonesia, experiences tropical monsoon climate characterized by high humidity throughout the year. The average relative humidity in Mojokerto ranges between 80-90%, with slightly higher levels during the wet season (October to April) and slightly lower levels during the dry season (May to September). The high humidity levels are primarily attributed to the city’s proximity to the Java Sea and the warm, moist air masses originating from the Indian Ocean.

The impact of high humidity on daily life in Mojokerto is significant. The humid air can make outdoor activities uncomfortable, especially during the hottest hours of the day. It can also contribute to mold and mildew growth, particularly in poorly ventilated areas. Additionally, high humidity levels can lead to respiratory issues and heat-related illnesses, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and young children.

Wind Conditions in Mojokerto

Mojokerto, located in East Java, Indonesia, experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wind patterns in Mojokerto are influenced by both the seasonal monsoon winds and the local topography.

During the wet season (November to April), the dominant wind direction is from the northwest. These winds bring moisture-laden air from the Indian Ocean, leading to frequent rainfall. The average wind speeds during this season range from 10 to 20 kilometers per hour (6 to 12 miles per hour). In contrast, during the dry season (May to October), the wind direction shifts to the southeast. These winds blow from the Australian continent and are generally drier. The wind speeds during this season are slightly lower, averaging between 5 to 15 kilometers per hour (3 to 9 miles per hour).

Dry Season (April-October):

The dry season is the ideal time to visit Mojokerto, Indonesia, as it is characterised by warm, sunny weather with minimal rainfall. Temperatures hover around a comfortable 25-30°C, perfect for outdoor activities and temple exploration. The skies are clear, providing stunning views of the surrounding mountains and valleys. This period coincides with the peak tourist season, so it is recommended to book accommodation and transportation in advance.

Wet Season (November-March):

During the wet season, Mojokerto experiences heavy rainfall, especially in the afternoons and evenings. While it may disrupt travel plans, it also brings a lush green landscape and refreshing temperatures. The rain typically comes in short bursts, leaving ample time for sightseeing and cultural immersion. It is advisable to carry raincoats or umbrellas during this time. Accommodation and transportation costs may be slightly lower during this season, but it is important to be prepared for potential delays due to weather conditions.

Potential for Solar Energy in Mojokerto

Mojokerto, a city in East Java, Indonesia, possesses significant potential for solar energy utilization. The region enjoys abundant sunshine throughout the year, with annual average solar radiation exceeding 5 kWh/m²/day. This favorable radiation profile makes Mojokerto suitable for large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Additionally, the availability of vast, undeveloped land in the outskirts of the city presents ample space for solar farms.

Current Development and Future Prospects

The solar energy industry in Mojokerto is still in its early stages, but several notable projects have emerged in recent years. In 2021, a 5 MWp solar PV plant was commissioned in Jetis subdistrict, generating electricity for the local grid. Another 25 MWp solar project is currently under development in Trowulan subdistrict, expected to come online by 2024. These initiatives demonstrate the growing interest in solar energy in Mojokerto and pave the way for further development in the sector. With continued support from the government and private investors, Mojokerto is poised to harness its solar potential and make significant contributions to Indonesia’s renewable energy transition.

Topography of Mojokerto, Indonesia

Mojokerto is a city located in the province of East Java, Indonesia. The city is situated on the Brantas River, approximately 50 kilometers southwest of Surabaya, the provincial capital. Mojokerto is surrounded by the Penanggungan Mountains to the south and the Anjasmoro Mountains to the north. The city itself is located in a relatively flat area, with an average elevation of around 20 meters above sea level. However, the surrounding mountains provide a dramatic backdrop to the city, and offer opportunities for hiking and trekking.

The Brantas River is an important feature of Mojokerto’s topography. The river flows through the city from west to east, and provides a source of water for irrigation and transportation. The river also supports a variety of aquatic life, including fish and shrimp. In addition to the Brantas River, there are a number of smaller rivers and streams that flow through Mojokerto, contributing to the city’s water resources. The city is also home to a number of lakes, including Lake Mojokerto and Lake Claroh. These lakes provide opportunities for fishing, boating, and other recreational activities.

Surabaya Juanda International Airport (SUB)

Surabaya Juanda International Airport (SUB) is the closest airport to Mojokerto, Indonesia. It is located approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) northeast of the city center and takes about an hour’s drive to reach. SUB is the second-busiest airport in Indonesia, serving domestic and international flights. It offers a wide range of airlines and destinations, including Jakarta, Bali, Singapore, and Kuala Lumpur. The airport has undergone significant expansion and modernization in recent years, and now features modern facilities and amenities. SUB is a convenient gateway for travelers to Mojokerto and the surrounding areas.

Other Nearby Airports

While Surabaya Juanda International Airport is the closest airport to Mojokerto, there are other nearby airports that may offer alternative options for travelers. Malang Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport (MLG) is located approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) south of Mojokerto and takes about an hour and a half’s drive to reach. MLG is a smaller airport with a limited number of flights, but it may offer lower fares and less congestion. Juanda International Airport (JUA) is located in Sidoarjo, approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) northeast of Mojokerto and takes about an hour’s drive to reach. JUA is a military airport that is not open to commercial flights, but it may be an option for private or chartered flights.

History and Culture

Mojokerto is a city in East Java, Indonesia. It is located about 30 miles southwest of Surabaya, the provincial capital. Mojokerto is a historic city, with roots dating back to the 8th century. It was once the capital of the Majapahit Empire, which ruled over much of Southeast Asia. Mojokerto is home to many historical sites, including the ruins of Trowulan, the former capital of Majapahit. The city is also home to a number of museums, including the Trowulan Museum, which houses a collection of artifacts from the Majapahit period.

Tourism

Mojokerto is a popular tourist destination, due to its historical significance and its natural beauty. The city is home to a number of temples and other historical sites, including the Trowulan Temple, the Panataran Temple, and the Jawi Temple. Mojokerto is also home to a number of parks and gardens, including the Trowulan Park and the Jawi Park. The city is a popular base for exploring the surrounding region, including the Mount Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park.