Marrakech Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Morocco

Summer (May – September)

Marrakech experiences scorching summers with average temperatures ranging from the mid-80s to high 90s Fahrenheit (29-37 °C). The hottest months are July and August, when temperatures can soar to over 100 °F (38 °C). The sun is relentless during this time, and it is advisable to avoid outdoor activities during the peak hours of the day. The evenings offer a brief respite, with temperatures dropping to the mid-70s (24 °C), but the nights can still be warm and humid.

Winter (November – March)

Winters in Marrakech are mild and pleasant, with average temperatures in the mid-60s Fahrenheit (18 °C). The coldest month is January, with average temperatures around 55 °F (13 °C). Nights can be chilly, dropping to the low 40s (6 °C). Precipitation is more common during winter than summer, with occasional showers or rain. However, these typically pass quickly, and the sun usually returns after a short while. Overall, Marrakech’s winter weather provides a welcome respite from the scorching summer heat, offering comfortable conditions for exploring the city and its surroundings.

Summer Temperatures

Marrakech is known for its hot and dry summers, with average temperatures hovering around 35°C (95°F) in July and August. The relentless heat can make outdoor activities challenging during these months, as the sun beats down mercilessly throughout the day. The nights provide little respite, with temperatures often remaining above 25°C (77°F). As a result, visitors seeking to escape the summer sun may consider visiting during the spring or autumn instead.

Winter Temperatures

Winter in Marrakech offers a more pleasant change of pace, with average temperatures ranging between 15-20°C (59-68°F) in December and January. The days are generally sunny and mild, providing ample opportunities to explore the city’s many attractions. However, nights can get chilly, with temperatures dropping to around 5°C (41°F). While the occasional rainfall is possible, Marrakech experiences relatively dry winters, making it an ideal destination for those seeking to avoid the cold and wet weather of Europe.

Cloud Types

Marrakech, located in the southwestern region of Morocco, experiences diverse cloud formations throughout the year. During the summer months, the skies are often dominated by towering cumulus clouds, characterized by their distinct cauliflower-like shape. These clouds can bring occasional showers and thunderstorms, providing welcome relief from the intense heat. In winter, the landscape transforms, with stratus clouds casting a blanket of gray across the sky. These low-lying clouds often produce drizzle or light rain, contributing to the city’s mild winters.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation

The amount of cloud cover in Marrakech varies significantly depending on the season. Summer experiences the least cloudiness, with an average of less than 30% coverage. This allows ample sunlight to reach the ground, contributing to the city’s reputation as a popular sunbathing destination. In contrast, winter brings increased cloud cover, averaging around 60%. This higher cloudiness reduces the amount of direct sunlight, leading to cooler temperatures and increased chances of precipitation. Overall, Marrakech receives an average of around 250 sunny days per year.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Marrakech experiences a distinct wet and dry season, with significant precipitation occurring during the cooler months. The annual precipitation averages between 250-350 mm, with most rainfall concentrated from October to May. During the wet season, sporadic but intense thunderstorms are common, often accompanied by heavy downpours and occasional hail. Conversely, the summer months are typically dry, with little to no rainfall, contributing to the region’s arid climate.

Seasonal Variability and Climate Change

The distribution of precipitation in Marrakech exhibits seasonal variability. In the winter months, the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Azores High-pressure system brings increased moisture, resulting in higher precipitation levels. In contrast, the summer is characterized by a shift in wind patterns, with easterly winds suppressing rainfall and contributing to drought conditions. Moreover, climate change is affecting precipitation patterns in Marrakech. Studies indicate a trend towards decreasing annual precipitation and an intensification of extreme rainfall events, exacerbating water scarcity and posing challenges for water management.

Rainfall Patterns

Marrakech experiences a semi-arid climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. Rainfall is highly seasonal, concentrated primarily during the winter months from November to April. The city receives an average annual rainfall of around 250 millimeters (10 inches). The wettest month is typically January, with an average rainfall of around 50 millimeters (2 inches). During this period, sporadic rainfall events can bring heavy downpours, leading to occasional flooding in low-lying areas.

Dry Season and Extreme Events

In contrast to the rainy winter months, the summer season in Marrakech is characterized by extreme dryness. From May to October, the city receives virtually no rainfall. The lack of precipitation during this period often results in drought conditions, with temperatures soaring to above 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The hot, dry conditions can pose challenges for water availability and agriculture. Additionally, the city is also susceptible to dust storms during the summer months, which can reduce air quality and cause respiratory problems.

Unprecedented Event: Snow Covers Marrakech

Snowfall has been recorded in Marrakech, a city in Morocco renowned for its temperate climate and lack of snow. On January 27, 2022, a rare snowfall blanketed the city, creating a picturesque winter wonderland. This extraordinary weather phenomenon drew thousands of residents and tourists alike to witness the unusual sight of snow-covered palm trees and historical buildings, painting an idyllic landscape. The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, brought joy and amazement to the people of Marrakech while disrupting traffic and some daily activities.

Meteorological Causes and Historical Significance

The snowfall in Marrakech was attributed to an unusual cold front that swept across North Africa, bringing frigid temperatures and precipitation. Such snowfall events are extremely rare in Marrakech, with the last recorded occurrence being in the late 19th century. The snowfall not only provided a remarkable spectacle but also served as a testament to the changing climate patterns and the potential for extreme weather events in regions not typically associated with snow. The event has become a memorable chapter in the history of Marrakech, symbolizing nature’s capacity to surprise and delight.

Daytime Sun

Marrakech’s daytime sun is intense and relentless throughout the year. During the summer months (June to September), temperatures soar to an average of 40°C (104°F), with peaks often reaching into the mid-40s. The sun’s rays are particularly strong and can cause sunburn in a matter of minutes if precautions are not taken. Proper protection, such as sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat, is essential for those venturing outside during the daytime. Additionally, it is advisable to stay hydrated and seek shade during the hottest hours to avoid heatstroke.

Evening Sun

As the sun sets in Marrakech, the temperature begins to drop, providing some respite from the intense heat. However, the evening sun remains bright and visible for several hours after sunset. The skies often transform into a vibrant tapestry of orange, red, and purple hues, creating a breathtaking spectacle. The evening sun is a popular time for locals and tourists alike to gather in the city’s bustling public squares and markets, enjoying the vibrant atmosphere and socializing under the fading daylight. As darkness falls, the sun yields to the twinkling stars, offering a magical end to the day in Marrakech.

History of the Moon in Marrakech

Marrakech’s rich history is intertwined with the celestial body that graces its night sky: the moon. The city’s founders, the Almoravids, were influenced by lunar cycles when they established Marrakech as their capital in the 11th century. The Almoravid dynasty’s emblem, a crescent moon, became a prevalent symbol in Marrakech’s architecture and art.

The moon continued to play a significant role in Marrakech during the following centuries. The city’s famous Koutoubia Mosque, built in the 12th century, features a minaret adorned with a crescent moon. During the Saadian dynasty (16th-17th centuries), the moon symbolized prosperity and abundance. The Bahia Palace, a masterpiece of Saadian architecture, incorporates a fountain known as the “Fountain of the Moon,” which was believed to bring good fortune.

Cultural Significance of the Moon in Marrakech

The moon’s cultural significance in Marrakech extends beyond its historical connections. For centuries, the moon has been a source of inspiration for poets, musicians, and artists. Its ethereal presence evokes emotions ranging from romance to spirituality. The city’s iconic Jemaa el-Fna square transforms into a vibrant marketplace under the moonlight, where storytellers and musicians captivate audiences with tales of the moon’s influence on human affairs.

In modern-day Marrakech, the moon remains an object of beauty and wonder. Tourists and locals alike gather on rooftops and terraces to witness the moon’s rise over the city’s skyline. The moon’s gentle glow casts a magical atmosphere upon Marrakech’s ancient streets and bustling markets, creating an unforgettable and enchanting experience.

Humidity Levels in Marrakech

Marrakech, located in the central western part of Morocco, experiences relatively low humidity levels throughout the year. The average annual relative humidity is around 50%, with variations depending on the season. During the hot summer months of June to September, humidity levels can drop to as low as 20%, creating a dry and arid environment. In contrast, during the cooler winter months from December to February, humidity levels can rise to around 70%, bringing a slightly more humid atmosphere.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

The humidity levels in Marrakech exhibit distinct seasonal patterns. During the spring and fall seasons, humidity is generally moderate, ranging from 40% to 60%. As the summer approaches, humidity levels decrease significantly due to the influence of the dry Saharan winds. These winds bring hot and dry air from the desert, causing the humidity to drop and creating a scorching environment. Conversely, during the winter, when the Saharan winds weaken, humidity levels increase as moisture is retained in the atmosphere. The higher humidity levels during this time contribute to a more comfortable and less arid climate.

Wind Patterns in Marrakech, Morocco

Marrakech, an enchanting city situated in the heart of Morocco, experiences diverse wind patterns throughout the year. The predominant wind direction is from the northeast, known as the “Chergui.” This hot, dry wind originates from the Sahara Desert and carries fine dust and sand particles, causing hazy conditions in the city. The Chergui typically blows during the summer months, from May to August, bringing along scorching temperatures and reducing visibility. However, it can occasionally occur during the winter, creating unpleasant weather conditions.

Seasonal Wind Variations

During the cooler months, from November to April, Marrakech is influenced by westerly winds, known as the “Gharbi.” These winds carry moisture and precipitation, leading to the occasional rainfall that nourishes the city’s vegetation. The Gharbi wind can also bring cold temperatures, especially at night and in the early morning hours. In the spring and autumn, Marrakech experiences transitional wind patterns, with both Chergui and Gharbi winds occurring intermittently. These transitional periods can bring a mix of warm and cool weather, along with variations in humidity and air quality.

Spring and Fall: Ideal Conditions for Exploration

The shoulder seasons of spring (March-May) and fall (September-November) offer the most pleasant conditions for visiting Marrakech. During these months, the temperatures are warm and sunny, averaging between 65°F and 85°F, making it ideal for exploring the city’s attractions. The crowds are also relatively manageable, ensuring a more enjoyable experience. The vibrant hues of the gardens and parks, blooming with flowers, add an extra allure to the city’s charm. With its balmy weather and fewer tourists, spring and fall present the perfect time to immerse yourself in Marrakech’s rich culture and vibrant atmosphere.

Summer: Warm Weather and Bustling Festivals

While the summer months (June-August) bring the hottest temperatures, reaching an average of 95°F, they also usher in a season of exciting festivals and cultural events. The city comes alive with the vibrant Marrakech International Film Festival, showcasing a captivating array of films from around the world. The traditional Gnaoua World Music Festival fills the streets with mesmerizing rhythms and enchanting performances. However, it is important to note that the intense heat can be overwhelming for some visitors. To avoid the most extreme temperatures, plan your outdoor activities during the cooler morning and evening hours, seeking refuge in air-conditioned spaces during the midday sun.

Overview of Solar Energy Potential

Marrakech, with its abundant sunshine and strategic location in the heart of Morocco’s solar belt, boasts a highly favorable environment for solar energy development. The city receives an average of 3,000 hours of sunshine annually, offering immense potential for photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal technologies. The Moroccan government has recognized this potential, setting ambitious targets to increase the share of renewable energy in the country’s energy mix, with solar energy playing a significant role.

Solar Energy Projects and Initiatives

In line with national goals, Marrakech has witnessed the implementation of several notable solar energy projects. One of the most prominent is the Noor Ouarzazate Solar Complex, located just outside the city limits. This massive complex comprises three solar thermal plants with a combined capacity of over 500 megawatts, making it one of the largest solar projects in the world. Additionally, the city has supported the installation of rooftop PV systems on numerous buildings, including schools, hospitals, and private residences. These projects have contributed to reducing Marrakech’s reliance on fossil fuels and promoting clean energy adoption.

Medina and Environs

Marrakech’s historic medina, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a tapestry of narrow alleys, courtyards, and traditional architecture. Within its fortified walls, the medina rises slightly, creating a gentle slope towards the southwest. Surrounding the medina are newer neighborhoods, including Gueliz, the modern commercial center, and Hivernage, an upscale residential area. These areas are characterized by wider streets, spacious parks, and contemporary buildings.

Ourika Valley and Atlas Mountains

To the south of Marrakech, the Ourika Valley extends towards the High Atlas Mountains. The valley is a verdant oasis, punctuated by Berber villages and terraced fields. As the valley ascends into the mountains, the landscape transforms from fertile farmlands to rugged peaks and rocky gorges. The Atlas Mountains, which loom over Marrakech, offer opportunities for hiking, climbing, and other outdoor adventures. The highest peak in the region is Mount Toubkal (4,167 meters), a popular destination for mountaineers.

Marrakech Menara Airport

Marrakech Menara Airport (RAK) is the primary airport serving the city of Marrakech, Morocco. It is situated approximately 6 kilometers (4 miles) southwest of the city center. The airport has one terminal, which handles both domestic and international flights. Airlines operating from RAK include Royal Air Maroc, Ryanair, EasyJet, and TUI fly.

Facilities and Transportation

Marrakech Menara Airport offers a range of facilities and services for travelers, including duty-free shops, restaurants, and currency exchange. There are several transportation options available to reach the city center, including taxis, shuttle buses, and rental cars. The airport is also connected to the city by a tram line, which provides a convenient and affordable way to travel.

History and Culture

Marrakech, the “Red City,” is steeped in a rich history that spans centuries. Founded in 1062 by the Almoravids, Marrakech served as the capital of the Almoravid, Almohad, and Saadian dynasties. Throughout history, it has been a major center of culture, trade, and learning, attracting scholars, artists, and merchants from across the Maghreb and beyond.

The city’s rich cultural tapestry is evident in its architecture, art, and cuisine. The Medina, the old city, is a maze of narrow streets and bustling souks, where visitors can explore traditional Moroccan handicrafts and experience the vibrant energy of the city. The iconic Koutoubia Mosque, with its towering minaret, dominates the cityscape and is a testament to the city’s Islamic heritage. The Bahia Palace, built in the late 19th century, showcases the opulent style of the Saadian dynasty. Marrakech’s cuisine is a delight for the senses, blending Moroccan spices with French influences, and offering a diverse range of dishes from traditional tagines to modern fusion creations.

Modern Marrakech

Today, Marrakech is a thriving metropolis that seamlessly blends its ancient heritage with modern amenities. The Guéliz district, a modern extension to the city, is home to luxury hotels, shopping malls, and trendy restaurants. Marrakech remains a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the world who come to experience its unique blend of history, culture, and vibrant nightlife. The city’s international airport connects it to major cities worldwide, and it is a popular base for exploring the surrounding areas of the Atlas Mountains, the Sahara Desert, and the ancient kasbahs of southern Morocco.