Marawi City Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Philippines

Temperature and Precipitation:

Marawi City experiences a tropical monsoon climate with high temperatures and abundant precipitation year-round. The average yearly temperature hovers around 27.8°C (82°F), with little seasonal variation. The hottest months are April and May, with average temperatures exceeding 29°C (84°F), while the coldest months are December and January, with temperatures dipping to 26.5°C (80°F). Rainfall is heavy throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of 2,406 mm (94.7 in). The wettest months are July and August, with an average of over 300 mm (12 in) of rainfall each, while the driest months are February and March, with less than 100 mm (4 in) of rainfall.

Seasonal Variations:

Marawi City has two distinct seasons: the wet season and the dry season. The wet season, which lasts from May to October, is characterized by heavy rainfall and frequent thunderstorms. The dry season, which spans from November to April, is relatively drier with less rainfall. However, even during the dry season, the city experiences occasional showers and humid conditions, as temperatures remain high throughout the year. The absence of a distinct cold season contributes to the year-round tropical climate in Marawi City.

Average Temperature

Marawi City, located in the southern Philippines, experiences a tropical climate with high temperatures year-round. The average annual temperature in Marawi City is approximately 27.5°C (81.5°F), with little variation throughout the year. During the warmest months, from March to May, average temperatures hover around 29°C (84.2°F), while during the cooler months, from December to February, they dip to around 26°C (78.8°F).

Seasonal Variations

While Marawi City’s average temperature remains relatively constant, there are some seasonal variations. The city experiences a wet season from June to December, which is characterized by heavy rainfall and occasional thunderstorms. During this period, humidity levels can reach up to 90%, which can make the already warm temperatures feel even more oppressive. The dry season, from January to May, is typically less humid and provides relief from the intense heat and humidity.

Formation of Clouds in Marawi City, Philippines

The formation of clouds in Marawi City is primarily influenced by its geographical location and prevailing weather patterns. The city is situated in the southern Philippines, near the equator, and experiences a tropical monsoon climate. As a result, it is characterized by a warm and humid atmosphere throughout the year. The convergence of warm, moist air from the surrounding bodies of water, such as Lake Lanao and the Moro Gulf, creates conditions favorable for cloud formation. During the southwest monsoon season (June to September), moist air from the Indian Ocean is drawn towards the region, leading to heavy rainfall and the formation of thick and extensive clouds.

Types of Clouds in Marawi City

Marawi City experiences a variety of cloud types throughout the year. Cumulus clouds are common during the morning and afternoon, appearing as puffy white or gray clouds with flat bases. As the day progresses, these clouds may develop into larger cumulonimbus clouds, which can produce thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. Cirrus clouds, characterized by their thin, wispy appearance, are often present at high altitudes and indicate fair weather. Stratus clouds, which appear as a continuous gray layer covering the sky, can produce drizzle or light rain. During the rainy season, nimbostratus clouds, which are thick and gray and produce steady rain, are frequently observed.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Marawi City experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. During the wet season, which spans from May to October, the city receives heavy rainfall, with an average monthly precipitation of over 200 millimeters. The peak rainfall period occurs during the months of July and August, when monthly rainfall can exceed 300 millimeters. The dry season, on the other hand, extends from November to April and is characterized by significantly lower rainfall. During this period, the city experiences an average monthly precipitation of less than 100 millimeters, with the driest months being February and March.

Variability and Extremes

The annual precipitation in Marawi City exhibits considerable variability from year to year. This variability is influenced by several factors, including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Asian monsoon system. During El Niño years, which are characterized by unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, Marawi City tends to experience drier conditions, with reduced rainfall during the wet season. Conversely, during La Niña years, which are characterized by unusually cool sea surface temperatures, the city tends to experience wetter conditions, with increased rainfall during the wet season. In addition to interannual variability, Marawi City has also experienced extreme rainfall events, such as tropical cyclones and heavy monsoonal downpours. These events can lead to flooding, landslides, and other hazards, posing significant challenges to the city’s infrastructure and population.

Rainfall Patterns

Marawi City falls under the Köppen climate classification Am, characterized by a tropical monsoon climate. The city experiences a distinct dry season from November to April and a wet season from May to October. During the dry season, rainfall is scarce, with average monthly precipitation below 100 millimeters. In contrast, the wet season brings abundant rainfall, with average monthly precipitation exceeding 200 millimeters. The months of August and September are typically the wettest, with rainfall often exceeding 300 millimeters.

Annual Rainfall Variability

The annual rainfall in Marawi City exhibits significant variability, with total annual precipitation ranging from 1,500 to 2,500 millimeters. This variability is primarily influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, which affects the distribution of rainfall patterns worldwide. During El Niño years, the city may receive less rainfall, leading to drought conditions. Conversely, during La Niña years, rainfall is often above average, resulting in occasional flooding. Additionally, the city’s proximity to the coast contributes to the variability in rainfall, as it is susceptible to localized storm events and typhoons, which can bring heavy rainfall and flooding.

Historical Snowfall in Marawi City

On January 22, 2017, the extraordinary meteorological event of snowfall occurred in Marawi City, located on the southern island of Mindanao in the Philippines. This unprecedented phenomenon marked the first recorded snowfall in the country’s history. The snowfall, which lasted for approximately 30 minutes, left a thin layer of white on the ground and rooftops of the city, leaving its inhabitants bewildered and in awe. The snowfall, attributed to a combination of low temperatures, moisture, and a weather disturbance, made headlines worldwide and became a symbol of the unusual weather patterns that can occur.

Scientific Explanations for the Snowfall

Scientists have attributed the snowfall in Marawi City to a combination of unusual meteorological factors. A cold front from the north descended over the city, bringing with it unusually low temperatures. As the cold air collided with warm, moist air from the nearby sea, it caused intense condensation, forming clouds that eventually produced snow. The topography of Marawi City, situated in a mountainous region, also contributed to the formation of clouds and the subsequent snowfall. The presence of Mount Malindang, a volcanic mountain located just a few kilometers away, created a microclimate that facilitated the formation of the snow. While snowfall in the Philippines is extremely rare, the combination of these unique atmospheric conditions allowed for this extraordinary event to occur.

Climate and Weather Patterns

Marawi City, located in the southern Philippines, experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. The sun is a dominant presence in Marawi City, with an average of over 3,000 hours of sunshine annually. During the dry season, which typically spans from December to April, the sun is particularly intense, bringing clear skies and sweltering heat. In contrast, the rainy season, from May to November, is marked by frequent downpours but still experiences intermittent sunshine.

Cultural and Social Significance

The sun holds significant cultural and social importance in Marawi City. As a predominantly Muslim city, the sun is revered as a symbol of God’s presence and guidance. Sun motifs are prevalent in local architecture, art, and traditional ceremonies. For example, the Grand Mosque, a prominent landmark in the city, features intricate carvings of the sun on its exterior walls. Additionally, the sun is associated with agricultural practices, as farmers rely on its rays for their crops. In local folklore and traditions, the sun represents hope, growth, and prosperity.

Impact of the Moon on Marawi

The moon exerts a significant influence on Marawi City, primarily due to its tidal effects on the nearby Lake Lanao. Lake Lanao is the second-largest lake in the Philippines, and its water levels fluctuate with the phases of the moon. During full moons and new moons, the lake’s tides are highest, which can lead to flooding in low-lying areas of the city. Additionally, the moon’s gravitational pull influences the rhythm of the Bangsamoro people, the indigenous inhabitants of Marawi. The Bangsamoro traditionally used lunar cycles to guide their agricultural practices and religious observances.

Cultural and Spiritual Significance

The moon holds a special significance in the culture and beliefs of the Bangsamoro people of Marawi. The moon is often associated with fertility, renewal, and guidance. Many Bangsamoro religious rituals and festivals are tied to the lunar calendar, including the annual “Pangalay,” which celebrates the start of the rice-planting season. The moon is also an important symbol in the Bangsamoro flag, representing peace, unity, and the guidance of Allah.

General Humidity Patterns in Marawi City

Marawi City in the Philippines typically experiences high humidity levels throughout the year. The average relative humidity ranges from 70% to 85%, with minimal seasonal variations. The high humidity is primarily influenced by the city’s tropical location and proximity to the sea. The prevailing northeast monsoon and southwest monsoon winds bring moisture-laden air from the ocean, contributing to the humid conditions.

Impact of Humidity on Marawi City

The high humidity in Marawi City has several noticeable effects. It can make the weather feel oppressive and uncomfortable, especially during the hot summer months. The thick air can limit evaporation, leading to discomfort and heat stress. Additionally, high humidity can affect human health, as it can aggravate respiratory conditions such as asthma and bronchitis. It can also lead to discomfort during physical activities, as sweat evaporates less efficiently, making it harder to cool down. Furthermore, high humidity can contribute to the degradation of buildings and infrastructure, as well as promote the growth of mold and mildew.

Wind Patterns in Marawi City, Philippines

Marawi City, located in the southern Philippines, experiences a tropical climate influenced by the monsoon winds. During the northeast monsoon, which typically lasts from October to March, the prevailing winds blow from the northeast, bringing dry air and cool temperatures to the city. During the southwest monsoon, which lasts from April to September, the winds shift direction and blow from the southwest, carrying warm and humid air from the Indian Ocean. These winds often bring heavy rainfall and thunderstorms, making this season the wettest in Marawi City.

Impact of Wind on Marawi City

The wind patterns in Marawi City have a significant impact on the city’s climate and environment. The dry northeast winds during the winter months can lead to drought conditions, especially during extended periods of weak monsoon activity. This can affect the city’s water availability and agricultural productivity. On the other hand, the strong southwest winds during the summer months can bring destructive storms and flash floods. These winds can cause damage to infrastructure and pose a significant risk to the safety of residents. It is essential for Marawi City to implement measures to mitigate the potential impacts of strong winds and protect the environment and well-being of its inhabitants.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Marawi City is during the dry season, which typically runs from November to April. During this period, the weather is generally favorable, with less rainfall and humidity. Temperatures are pleasant, averaging around 28°C (82°F) to 33°C (91°F). This makes it an ideal time to explore the city’s attractions, such as the opulent Grand Mosque, the historic Lanao del Sur Provincial Capitol, and the scenic Lake Lanao. Additionally, the dry season coincides with the city’s annual festivals, including the Bangsamoro Arts and Cultural Festival and the Marawi Grand Regatta, offering visitors a chance to experience the vibrant cultural heritage of the region.

Avoid Monsoon Season

However, it is advisable to avoid visiting Marawi City during the monsoon season, which typically lasts from May to October. Heavy rainfall and strong winds can disrupt transportation and outdoor activities. The city may also experience flooding during this period. Additionally, the high humidity levels can make the weather uncomfortable, especially for those not accustomed to tropical climates. It is worth noting that the precise timing of the monsoon season can vary from year to year, so it is advisable to check the weather forecast before planning your trip.

Benefits and Impact of Solar Energy in Marawi City

Marawi City in the Philippines has been actively embracing solar energy as a sustainable energy source. The city’s abundant sunshine makes it an ideal location for solar installations, which have provided numerous benefits. Solar energy has reduced the city’s reliance on fossil fuels, leading to lower electricity bills and improved air quality. Additionally, solar power has contributed to the city’s economic development by creating new jobs in the renewable energy sector.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Despite the advantages, the adoption of solar energy in Marawi City has faced some challenges. One obstacle is the high upfront cost of solar installations, which can hinder widespread adoption. Moreover, the city’s compact urban layout limits the availability of suitable rooftops and open spaces for solar panels. To address these challenges, the city government has implemented financial incentives and partnerships with private investors to encourage solar energy development. With these measures in place, Marawi City is well-positioned to further expand its use of solar energy, contributing to its environmental and economic sustainability.

Elevation and Relief

Marawi City, situated in the southern Philippine island of Mindanao, exhibits a complex topography characterized by significant elevation changes. The city’s central area lies on a relatively flat plain, flanked by rolling hills and rugged mountains. Mount Gurayan, the highest peak within the city limits, rises to an elevation of approximately 1,000 meters above sea level. The steep slopes and deep ravines of this mountain range create a dramatic backdrop for the urban landscape.

Drainage System

Marawi City’s topography is intricately shaped by its river system. The Agus River, a major tributary of the Rio Grande de Mindanao, flows through the heart of the city, creating a winding channel and low-lying floodplains. Numerous creeks and tributaries feed into the Agus, draining the surrounding hills and contributing to the city’s overall drainage system. The presence of these water bodies influences land use and infrastructure development, as well as ecological processes within the urban environment.

Lanao Airport

Lanao Airport (CRJ) is the closest airport to Marawi City, approximately 15 kilometers (9 miles) away. It is located in the municipality of Kapai and serves the province of Lanao del Sur. Lanao Airport is primarily used for domestic flights and is a key transportation hub for the region. It has a single runway, measuring 2,000 meters (6,562 feet) in length, and can accommodate small to medium-sized aircraft. The airport offers flights to Manila, Cebu, and other major cities in the Philippines.

Other Nearby Airports

While Lanao Airport is the nearest to Marawi City, there are other airports in the surrounding provinces that can be considered for alternative transportation options. Laguindingan Airport (CGY), located in the city of Cagayan de Oro in Misamis Oriental, is approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) away. It has a long runway, 2,500 meters (8,202 feet), and accommodates both domestic and international flights. Another option is Ozamiz City Airport (OZC), situated about 150 kilometers (93 miles) from Marawi City. It caters predominantly to domestic flights and has a runway length of 1,500 meters (4,921 feet). The choice of airport depends on factors such as flight availability, schedule, and cost.

History and Culture

Marawi City, located in the heart of the Philippine province of Lanao del Sur, has a rich history and vibrant culture. It was once the center of the Maranao Sultanate, a powerful Islamic kingdom that ruled over much of the southern Philippines. Today, Marawi City is a melting pot of cultures, with influences from the Maranao, Filipino, and Moro peoples.

The Maranao people are known for their intricate artwork, particularly their traditional ikat fabrics and brassware. The city is also home to several mosques and madrasahs, including the iconic Grand Mosque. Marawi City is also renowned for its cuisine, which features a variety of dishes influenced by both Philippine and Malay traditions.

Siege of Marawi

In 2017, Marawi City was the site of a bloody siege that lasted for five months. The siege began when members of the Maute terrorist group, along with fighters from the Abu Sayyaf Group, took over large parts of the city. The Philippine military launched a massive offensive to retake the city, resulting in a protracted battle that caused widespread destruction and displacement.

The siege ended with the liberation of Marawi City by Philippine forces in October 2017. However, the city remains scarred by the conflict, with many buildings still in ruins. The government is working to rebuild Marawi City and return it to its former glory, but the process is expected to take many years.