Maquela do Zombo Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Angola

Climate

Maquela do Zombo experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry season typically lasts from May to October, while the wet season spans from November to April. The hottest months are October and November, with average temperatures reaching around 26°C (79°F). January and February are the coolest months, with average temperatures dropping to around 20°C (68°F).

Average Weather Year Round

The wet season in Maquela do Zombo brings abundant rainfall, with an average of 1,500 millimeters (59 inches) falling annually. The heaviest rainfall occurs from November to March, with peak precipitation in January and February. During these months, expect frequent thunderstorms and heavy downpours. In the dry season, rainfall is scarce, with less than 50 millimeters (2 inches) falling from May to October. As a result, the landscape can become dry and dusty during this period.

Humidity remains high throughout the year in Maquela do Zombo, averaging around 75%. During the wet season, humidity levels can reach 90% or higher, leading to a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. Sunshine is abundant during both the wet and dry seasons, with an average of 8-9 hours of sunlight per day year-round. However, cloud cover can be more common during the wet season, especially during the peak rainy season months.

Average Temperature in Maquela do Zombo, Angola: An Overview

Maquela do Zombo, a town nestled in northern Angola, exhibits a distinct climatic pattern characterized by warm temperatures throughout the year. Located in the tropical zone, the town’s average temperature hovers around 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit), displaying a relatively small range between the hottest and coldest months. The average daily temperature remains consistent, with slight variations across different seasons.

Seasonal Temperature Trends

During the peak of the hot season, typically from September to October, Maquela do Zombo’s average temperature climbs to approximately 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit). This period coincides with the end of the dry season and the onset of the rainy season, bringing with it increased humidity levels. The average daily high temperatures during this time often exceed 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit), while the nights remain warm, with temperatures rarely dropping below 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit).

In contrast, the cold season, which spans from May to August, brings a slight dip in temperatures. During this time, the average temperature drops to around 23 degrees Celsius (73 degrees Fahrenheit). However, even during the coldest months, daily temperatures typically hover between 18 and 28 degrees Celsius (64 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit), ensuring a generally pleasant climate throughout the year. The cold season also coincides with the dry season, which typically lasts from June to September and is characterized by reduced humidity and increased sunshine.

Formation and Types of Clouds in Maquela do Zombo

Maquela do Zombo, Angola, experiences a wide variety of cloud cover due to its tropical location and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. The formation of clouds in this region is influenced by factors such as solar heating, moisture availability, and atmospheric stability. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy appearance and flat bases, are common in the morning hours as warm, moist air rises and condenses. As the day progresses, these clouds may develop into larger and more towering cumulonimbus clouds, which can produce thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. Stratus clouds, which appear as a uniform gray layer, often form during the cooler evening and overnight hours when the air is stable and there is little vertical movement.

Impact of Clouds on Weather and Climate

Clouds play a significant role in determining the weather and climate conditions in Maquela do Zombo. Cumulus clouds, by providing shade, can help regulate the temperature during the hottest part of the day. Cumulonimbus clouds, on the other hand, can bring heavy downpours and lightning, which can cause localized flooding and pose a hazard to humans and infrastructure. Stratus clouds, while not as dramatic, can contribute to increased humidity and reduce sunlight, affecting visibility and crop growth. Additionally, clouds influence regional climate patterns by regulating the amount of solar radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface, thereby influencing temperature and precipitation patterns over longer time scales.

Precipitation Patterns and Variability

Maquela do Zombo experiences a distinct wet and dry season, typical of the tropical climate zone. The wet season spans from October to May and is characterized by high precipitation, with an average annual rainfall of around 1,500 mm. During this period, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts southward, bringing moisture and heavy rainfall.

In contrast, the dry season lasts from June to September and is marked by low precipitation. The ITCZ moves northward during this time, causing dry and arid conditions. During the driest months, rainfall can be scarce, contributing to a notable difference in vegetation and soil moisture levels.

Factors Influencing Precipitation

The precipitation patterns in Maquela do Zombo are primarily influenced by atmospheric circulation patterns and local topography. The seasonal movement of the ITCZ plays a significant role in determining the wet and dry seasons. Additionally, the presence of the Benguela Current along the coast creates a cool, upwelling effect that reduces rainfall along the western portion of the country. Local topography can also influence precipitation patterns, with higher elevations receiving more rainfall due to orographic lifting.

Annual Rainfall Pattern

Maquela do Zombo experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, with distinct rainy and dry seasons. The rainy season typically spans from November to April, during which the region receives a significant amount of rainfall. The annual rainfall varies between 1,000 and 1,500 millimeters, with heavy downpours common during the wettest months. In contrast, the dry season, from May to October, is characterized by minimal rainfall, resulting in arid conditions.

Seasonal Variability and Impacts

The onset and duration of the rainy season can vary from year to year, influenced by factors such as El Niño and La Niña events. During years with strong El Niño conditions, the rainy season tends to start later and end earlier, leading to reduced rainfall. Conversely, La Niña years often bring heavier rainfall and a longer wet season. These variations can have a substantial impact on local agriculture, water resources, and overall livelihoods, particularly for rural communities heavily reliant on rain-fed farming.

Climate of Maquela do Zombo, Angola

Maquela do Zombo, located in the northern Angolan province of Uíge, experiences a tropical savanna climate (Aw) characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically lasts from October to May, with heavy rainfall and high humidity. Temperatures during this period average around 25°C (77°F) with relatively little variation. The dry season runs from June to September and is characterized by hot, dry conditions. Temperatures during this time can reach up to 35°C (95°F), particularly in the afternoon. Maquela do Zombo receives an average of 1,200 mm (47 in) of rainfall annually, with most precipitation occurring during the wet season.

Snowfall in Maquela do Zombo

Snowfall is an extremely rare occurrence in Maquela do Zombo, Angola. The city’s tropical climate typically prevents temperatures from dropping below freezing, making snowfall virtually impossible. However, in July 2017, a freak weather event brought snowfall to the region. The snowfall was limited to the mountainous areas surrounding Maquela do Zombo and did not accumulate on the ground. This was the first recorded snowfall in the area and was met with surprise and excitement by local residents. The snowfall was attributed to a cold front that brought unseasonably low temperatures to the region. The event serves as a reminder that even in the warmest climates, extreme weather events can occur.

Climate and Weather

Maquela do Zombo experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season spans from October to May and brings abundant rainfall, while the dry season from June to September is marked by minimal precipitation. Temperatures remain consistently high throughout the year, with average daily temperatures ranging from 22 to 30 degrees Celsius (72 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity levels are generally high, particularly during the wet season.

Sunrise and Sunset

Due to its proximity to the equator, Maquela do Zombo has predictable sunrise and sunset times throughout the year. On average, the sun rises around 6:30 AM and sets approximately 6:00 PM, with minimal variation in timing between seasons. During the wet season, the skies tend to be cloudier, resulting in less intense sunshine compared to the dry season when clear skies allow for more direct sunlight.

Observing the Moon from Maquela do Zombo, Angola

Maquela do Zombo, a town in northwestern Angola, offers optimal conditions for lunar observation. Due to its remote location and minimal light pollution, the night sky above Maquela do Zombo is pristine, providing a magnificent view of the celestial bodies. During clear nights, the moon appears as a prominent orb in the sky, revealing its intricate craters and mountains. The lack of artificial light allows for extended observation sessions, enabling astronomers and stargazers to capture stunning images and study the lunar landscape in detail.

The best time for moonwatching in Maquela do Zombo is during the dry season, which typically lasts from May to October. During this period, the skies are generally clear and stable, offering exceptional visibility. The full moon is a particularly spectacular sight, as the entire lunar disk is illuminated by the sun’s rays. Observers can marvel at the moon’s distinct features, including the prominent craters Copernicus and Tycho, as well as the vast lunar maria, which resemble vast, dark plains.

Monthly Humidity Variation

Maquela do Zombo experiences significant humidity throughout the year, with monthly averages generally ranging between 60% and 90%. The most humid months are typically December, January, and February, when the average humidity can exceed 90%. During these months, the air is often saturated with moisture, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. Conversely, the least humid months are usually June, July, and August, when the average humidity drops to around 60%. These months tend to be drier and more comfortable.

Seasonal Humidity Trends

In Maquela do Zombo, humidity exhibits a distinct seasonal pattern. During the rainy season, from October to April, the humidity levels are consistently high. The influx of moisture from rainfall and thunderstorms increases the overall humidity, resulting in a sultry and humid climate. In contrast, during the dry season, from May to September, the humidity levels drop significantly. With less rainfall and more sunshine, the air becomes drier and less oppressive. The humidity levels typically reach their lowest point during the peak of the dry season in July and August.

Wind Speed and Direction in Maquela do Zombo

Maquela do Zombo, located in northern Angola, experiences moderate wind speeds throughout the year. The average wind speed ranges from 10 to 15 kilometers per hour (6 to 9 miles per hour), with slightly higher speeds during the dry season (May to September) and lower speeds during the wet season (October to April). The prevailing wind direction is generally easterly, consistent with the overall wind patterns in the region. However, local variations and occasional weather fronts can cause temporary shifts in wind direction.

Wind Patterns and Climate

The wind patterns in Maquela do Zombo are influenced by the region’s tropical climate and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. During the dry season, the easterly trade winds dominate, bringing dry air from the east. These winds are often associated with clear skies and sunshine. During the wet season, the influence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) increases, leading to more variable wind directions and increased rainfall. The ITCZ is a low-pressure zone near the equator where moist air from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge, resulting in frequent rainfall and thunderstorms.

Dry Season: May to October

Maquela do Zombo enjoys a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry season, which extends from May to October, is the most popular time to visit. During this period, rainfall is minimal, and the weather is typically warm and sunny. The temperatures average around 25-30°C (77-86°F), making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, game drives, and birdwatching. The clear skies also provide excellent opportunities for stargazing.

Wet Season: November to April

The wet season in Maquela do Zombo runs from November to April. This period is marked by heavy rainfall, which can make roads impassable and disrupt outdoor activities. However, the lush vegetation and blooming wildflowers create a scenic landscape that attracts nature enthusiasts. The wet season also brings with it a higher risk of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases, so it’s essential to take precautions against mosquito bites. Overall, the best time to visit Maquela do Zombo depends on one’s preferences and tolerance for different weather conditions. For those seeking warm and dry weather with ideal wildlife viewing opportunities, the dry season is highly recommended. However, during the wet season, the lush vegetation and vibrant flora can provide a unique and rewarding experience for those willing to embrace the challenges of rainfall.

Potential and Challenges:

Maquela do Zombo, Angola, possesses significant potential for solar energy development due to its abundant sunshine and favorable geographical location. The high levels of solar insolation (sunlight intensity) make the region suitable for photovoltaic (PV) systems, which convert sunlight directly into electricity. However, despite the potential, there are challenges to overcome, such as the high upfront capital costs associated with solar installations and the intermittent nature of sunshine, which can affect the reliability of power supply.

Current Initiatives and Future Prospects:

Recognizing the potential of solar energy, the Angolan government has launched initiatives to promote its development. In Maquela do Zombo, there are ongoing efforts to install solar-powered streetlights and establish off-grid solar systems in rural areas, providing access to electricity for communities not connected to the national grid. Additionally, larger-scale solar PV projects are being explored, with the potential to contribute to the region’s energy mix and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The development of solar energy in Maquela do Zombo is expected to play a vital role in meeting the growing electricity demand and promoting sustainable energy solutions for the future.

Uplands and Ridges

Maquela do Zombo is situated within the Cuango Basin, a vast and gently undulating plain that stretches across eastern Angola and western Zambia. However, the monotony of the plain is broken by several notable topographic features. The most prominent of these is the Maquela Range, a chain of rugged hills that runs through the central part of the municipality. The range has a maximum elevation of approximately 1,700 meters and is characterized by steep slopes and narrow valleys. Other significant topographic features include the Cuango River Valley, which forms a deep incision into the eastern flank of the Maquela Range, and the Xamba Plateau, a relatively flat-topped plateau that occupies the southwestern corner of the municipality.

Drainage

Maquela do Zombo is drained by a network of rivers and streams that flow into the Cuango River. The Cuango is the largest river in the municipality and forms the boundary between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Other major rivers include the Mucopo River, the Ninda River, and the Xamba River. The rivers of Maquela do Zombo are generally seasonal and experience periods of low flow during the dry season. However, during the rainy season, they can become raging torrents, flooding the surrounding countryside. The presence of water has a significant impact on the local ecology, providing essential habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species.

Quatro de Fevereiro Airport (LAD)

The nearest airport to Maquela do Zombo, Angola, is Quatro de Fevereiro Airport (LAD), located in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. LAD is an international airport serving flights to domestic and international destinations. The airport is located approximately 450 kilometers (280 miles) northwest of Maquela do Zombo and can be reached by car or bus. LAD is a modern airport with a variety of amenities, including duty-free shops, restaurants, and currency exchange services. It is the main gateway for international travelers to Angola and offers connections to major cities around the world.

Distances and Travel Options

The distance between Maquela do Zombo and Quatro de Fevereiro Airport is approximately 450 kilometers (280 miles). The journey by car takes around 8 hours, while the journey by bus takes approximately 10 hours. Several bus companies operate services between Maquela do Zombo and Luanda, with fares ranging from $20 to $30. There are also private taxi services available, which can be more expensive but offer a faster and more comfortable journey.

Geography and Demographics

Maquela do Zombo is a municipality located in the north-eastern province of Uíge in Angola. Nestled amidst the Serra da Candonga mountain range, it serves as the capital of the namesake municipality. The area is sparsely populated, with a total population of approximately 207,000 inhabitants, primarily comprising of the Bakongo ethnic group. Maquela do Zombo is situated at an elevation of over 1,000 meters above sea level, resulting in a cool and temperate climate throughout the year.

History and Economy

Established during the Portuguese colonial period as a military outpost, Maquela do Zombo grew into a significant commercial center for the region. The municipality is well-known for its agricultural production, particularly for its coffee and cocoa plantations. Local farmers cultivate a variety of crops, including beans, maize, and cassava. In addition, Maquela do Zombo is home to a vibrant mining industry, with the nearby Candonga Dam providing hydroelectric power for the extraction and processing of diamonds and other minerals. The municipality is currently experiencing economic growth, driven by the development of its natural resources and the construction of new infrastructure projects.