Madison Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – United States

Summer in Madison

Madison experiences warm and humid summers, with average temperatures ranging from the low 70s (Fahrenheit) in the morning to the mid-80s in the afternoon. The city receives an average of 9 inches of rainfall during the summer months, with the heaviest precipitation occurring in June. Thunderstorms are common during the summer season, but they typically pass quickly. The humidity can be oppressive at times, but it is often tempered by refreshing breezes from Lake Mendota.

Overall, Madison’s summers are pleasant and offer plenty of opportunities to enjoy the outdoors. Residents and visitors can take advantage of the city’s many parks, lakes, and beaches. The city also hosts a variety of summer festivals and events, such as the Madison Jazz Festival and the Taste of Madison.

Seasonal Variations in Average Temperature

Madison, Wisconsin, in the United States, experiences significant seasonal variations in its average temperature. During the cold winter months of December, January, and February, the average temperature drops to below freezing, ranging from 18°F to 22°F. As spring approaches in March, temperatures start to rise, with an average temperature of 33°F. By April, the average temperature rises to 45°F, and it continues to increase through the summer months. The warmest time of year is July, with an average temperature of 73°F. In August and September, temperatures remain warm but gradually decline, reaching an average of 63°F in September. As fall sets in during October and November, temperatures fall further, dropping to an average of 47°F and 33°F, respectively.

Annual and Diurnal Temperature Variations

The annual average temperature in Madison is 48°F, with July being the warmest month and January being the coldest. The city experiences a diurnal temperature variation, meaning that the temperature fluctuates throughout the day. During the day, temperatures are typically higher, reaching their peak in the afternoon. At night, temperatures fall as the sun sets and the ground releases heat. The diurnal temperature variation is most pronounced during the summer months when temperatures can swing by 20°F or more from day to night. In winter, the diurnal temperature variation is less pronounced, with temperatures remaining relatively stable throughout the day.

Cloud Cover in Madison, United States

Madison, located in the state of Wisconsin, experiences varying degrees of cloud cover throughout the year. During the summer months, from June to August, the city enjoys an average of 5-6 hours of sunshine per day, with partly cloudy or mostly sunny conditions prevailing. However, in the winter months, from December to February, cloud cover increases significantly, with an average of only 2-3 hours of sunshine per day. During this time, overcast skies and cloudy conditions are more frequent.

Types of Clouds Observed in Madison

The types of clouds observed in Madison vary depending on the season and weather conditions. In the summer, fair-weather cumulus clouds are common, characterized by their puffy and cotton-like appearance. These clouds are often associated with warm and stable air. During the winter, stratus clouds are more prevalent, appearing as a uniform gray layer that covers the sky. These clouds are associated with cold and overcast conditions. Additionally, cirrus clouds, thin and wispy clouds made of ice crystals, are commonly observed at high altitudes throughout the year.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Madison, Wisconsin experiences distinct seasonal variations in precipitation. During the colder months of December to April, precipitation predominantly falls as snow, resulting in lower monthly totals. As temperatures rise in May, rainfall becomes more frequent, and precipitation gradually increases. The wettest months occur during the summer, with the average maximum monthly precipitation occurring in July. From August to September, precipitation levels remain elevated, although there is a slight decrease compared to July. As fall approaches in October, the frequency and intensity of rainfall diminish, leading to lower precipitation totals.

Annual Precipitation and Trends

Madison’s annual precipitation averages around 33.5 inches, with moderate year-to-year variability. However, over the past several decades, an increasing trend in precipitation has been observed. This trend is consistent with global observations of increasing rainfall intensity and frequency, attributed to climate change. Climate models project that Madison will continue to experience an increase in precipitation, potentially leading to more frequent and severe weather events in the future. It is crucial to note that these are projections, and there is inherent uncertainty associated with long-term climate forecasts. Nevertheless, ongoing monitoring and adaptation planning are essential to mitigate the potential impacts of changing precipitation patterns.

Monthly Rainfall Patterns

Madison, located in Wisconsin, United States, experiences seasonal variations in rainfall throughout the year. The wettest months are typically May through October, with average monthly rainfall exceeding 3 inches during this period. The heaviest rainfall occurs in June, with an average of 4.15 inches. During the summer months, rainfall is often associated with thunderstorms and frontal systems. In contrast, the driest months are December through February, when average monthly rainfall falls below 2 inches. This period is characterized by cold, stable atmospheric conditions that suppress precipitation.

Annual Rainfall and Variability

The average annual rainfall in Madison is approximately 34 inches, which is a moderate amount compared to other regions in the United States. However, there can be significant year-to-year variability in rainfall totals. In wet years, rainfall may exceed 40 inches, while in dry years, it may fall below 30 inches. This variability is partly due to fluctuations in atmospheric circulation patterns and large-scale climate events, such as El Niño and La Niña. Heavy rainfall events, particularly during the summer, can lead to flooding and other water-related hazards in the Madison area.

1998 Madison Blizzard

The 1998 Madison Blizzard was a historic winter storm that occurred in Madison, Wisconsin, in January 1998. Frigid temperatures and heavy snowfall paralyzed the city, resulting in record-breaking accumulations and widespread disruption. The blizzard dumped an astonishing 20.5 inches (52.1 centimeters) of snow over the city, becoming the snowiest January day in Madison’s history. The storm also caused high winds and reduced visibility, making travel extremely hazardous or impossible in some areas. Emergency services struggled to respond to the overwhelming number of calls, leaving residents stranded and isolated. The blizzard caused significant damage to infrastructure, with trees and power lines downed throughout the city. Despite the severe conditions, the community came together to assist one another, shoveling out neighbors, providing shelter, and checking on the well-being of the elderly and vulnerable.

Current Climate and Snowfall Trends

In recent years, Madison has experienced a shift in its climate, resulting in milder winters and less snowfall. The average annual snowfall has declined by nearly 10 inches since the 1970s, and the number of days with snowfall over 1 inch has also decreased. While extreme snowfall events like the 1998 Blizzard are still possible, they have become less common. Climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns, is a contributing factor to these changes in snowfall.

Sunrise and Sunset Times:

The sun’s rising and setting times in Madison, United States, vary throughout the year. During the summer months (June-August), the sun rises around 5:30 AM and sets around 8:30 PM. In the winter months (December-February), the sun rises around 7:30 AM and sets around 4:30 PM. The longest day of the year, the summer solstice, occurs around June 21st, with approximately 15 hours of daylight. Conversely, the shortest day of the year, the winter solstice, occurs around December 21st, with only about 9 hours of daylight.

Seasonal Variations in Sun Exposure:

The amount of sunlight received in Madison also varies seasonally. During the spring and summer months, the sun’s intensity is at its peak, with an average of 3,000-4,000 sunshine hours per year. The UV index, a measure of the sun’s strength, can reach levels of 7-10, indicating high risk of sunburn. Conversely, during the fall and winter months, the sun’s intensity decreases, with an average of 1,000-2,000 sunshine hours per year. The UV index typically remains low, ranging from 0-3, indicating minimal risk of sunburn. These seasonal variations in sunlight exposure have implications for outdoor activities, health, and vitamin D production.

Visibility and Timing

The Moon’s visibility and timing in Madison, United States, can vary depending on factors such as the time of year, the moon phase, and atmospheric conditions. Generally, the Moon is most prominent during the full moon phase, when it appears as a complete circle in the night sky. The timing of the moonrise and moonset changes throughout the month and the year, with the Moon rising earlier in the evening during the waxing phase and setting later in the morning during the waning phase.

Moon Events

Various astronomical events involving the Moon can be observed from Madison, including lunar eclipses and lunar occultations. During a lunar eclipse, the Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon, creating a dramatic display of colors and darkness. Lunar occultations occur when the Moon passes in front of a star or planet, temporarily blocking its light. These events provide opportunities for astronomers and enthusiasts to study the Moon’s motion and interactions with other celestial bodies.

Seasonal Humidity Patterns

Madison, located in the southern part of Wisconsin, experiences distinct seasonal patterns in humidity levels. During the summer months, from June to August, the average relative humidity ranges from 70% to 80%. High temperatures and frequent rainfall contribute to the humid conditions, which can often lead to uncomfortable and sticky weather. In contrast, winter humidity levels are considerably lower, typically averaging around 40% to 50% from December to February. The cold, dry air during this time can result in dry skin and respiratory irritation.

Impact on Health and Well-being

Humidity levels can significantly impact human health and well-being. Excessive humidity, as experienced in Madison during the summer, can lead to heat-related illnesses such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. It can also exacerbate respiratory problems, such as asthma and allergies, as moisture in the air can irritate the airways. On the other hand, extremely low humidity levels, as seen in winter, can cause dry and itchy skin, nosebleeds, and sore throats. It is important to maintain appropriate humidity levels in indoor environments to minimize these health concerns.

Average Wind Speed

Madison, United States, experiences moderate wind speeds throughout the year. The average wind speed ranges from 8 to 11 miles per hour (13 to 18 kilometers per hour), with slightly stronger winds during the winter months. The prevailing wind direction is from the west, indicating winds that typically blow from the west to the east. This pattern is consistent with the general atmospheric circulation in the region, which is characterized by westerly winds in the mid-latitudes.

Seasonal Variability

Wind speeds in Madison exhibit seasonal variability. During the winter months (December to February), average wind speeds tend to be higher, reaching 10 to 12 miles per hour (16 to 19 kilometers per hour). This increase in wind speed is likely due to the influence of strong pressure gradients associated with the flow of cold air from the north and west. In contrast, during the summer months (June to August), average wind speeds decrease to 7 to 9 miles per hour (11 to 14 kilometers per hour) as the atmosphere becomes more stable and pressure gradients weaken.

Spring (April-May)

Spring in Madison is a vibrant season. The city comes alive as the trees blossom and flowers bloom, creating a picturesque setting. The weather is pleasant, with warm days and cool nights, making it perfect for outdoor activities. Visitors can enjoy picnics in the many parks, take scenic walks along Lake Monona or Lake Mendota, or explore the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s arboretum. Notable events during this season include the Spring Green Art Fair, featuring local and regional artists, and the Rhythm & Booms Festival, a celebration of music, food, and fireworks.

Summer (June-August)

Summer in Madison is the peak tourist season. The city is bustling with activity as people soak up the warm weather. Temperatures soar into the mid-80s, but the humidity remains relatively low, ensuring comfortable conditions. Lake activities are in full swing, with swimming, boating, and fishing popular pastimes. Visitors can also attend the renowned Wisconsin State Fair, a showcase of agriculture, livestock, and entertainment. Additionally, there’s the Summer Solstice Celebration at University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Memorial Union Terrace, offering live music, food, and breathtaking sunset views over Lake Mendota.

Solar Potential

Madison, Wisconsin, experiences ample sunshine, making it suitable for solar energy utilization. The city receives an average of 4.9 peak sunlight hours per day throughout the year. This favorable solar resource provides the potential for significant electricity generation through photovoltaic systems. In 2022, the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) ranked Madison among the top 100 solar cities in the United States, highlighting its commitment to renewable energy.

Solar Initiatives

The city of Madison has actively promoted solar energy adoption through various initiatives. The Madison Solar Program, launched in 2010, offers financial incentives and technical support to homeowners and businesses installing solar systems. As a result, the city has witnessed a steady increase in solar installations, with over 2,500 systems installed by 2022. Additionally, the city has adopted a goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2050, and solar energy is seen as a crucial component in achieving this target.Madison’s efforts have contributed to the growth of the solar industry in the area. Local companies like SunVest and SunCommon are playing a significant role in designing, installing, and maintaining solar systems, creating jobs and promoting economic development.

Topography of Madison, United States

Madison rests amidst rolling hills and glacial landforms within the Driftless Area, a region in the Upper Midwest that escaped the last glacial period. The landscape surrounding the city was shaped by glaciers during the Pleistocene Epoch, and the resulting topography is characterized by a mix of hills, valleys, and lakes.

The highest point within city limits is located on the west side, with an elevation of around 1,200 feet (366 meters). This peak forms part of the Military Ridge, a chain of hills that stretches across southern Wisconsin. The lowest point in Madison is Lake Mendota, which has an elevation of 849 feet (259 meters). The city’s topography provides a diverse range of habitats, from upland forests to lowland wetlands, and contributes to its scenic beauty. Several rivers and streams flow through Madison, including the Yahara River and its tributaries, creating a network of waterways that enhance the city’s recreational value.

Dane County Regional Airport (MSN)

Dane County Regional Airport (MSN) is the nearest airport to Madison, Wisconsin, located just 5 miles (8 kilometers) northeast of the city center. It is the busiest airport in Wisconsin, with over 2 million passengers annually. MSN offers non-stop service to over 20 destinations, including major hubs such as Chicago, Minneapolis, and Atlanta. The airport has a single terminal with 10 gates, and it offers a variety of amenities, including free Wi-Fi, charging stations, and a variety of dining and shopping options.

Getting to and from Madison

There are several options for getting to and from MSN and downtown Madison. The Madison Metro Bus Route 20 runs from the airport to the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus, with stops along the way at several major hotels and attractions. Taxis and ride-sharing services are also readily available at the airport. For those who prefer to drive, MSN offers both short-term and long-term parking options.

Culture and Arts

Madison boasts a vibrant cultural scene that caters to diverse tastes. The Overture Center for the Arts is a renowned performing arts complex that hosts Broadway shows, concerts, and dance performances. The Madison Museum of Contemporary Art showcases cutting-edge exhibitions from emerging and established artists. The Chazen Museum of Art at the University of Wisconsin-Madison houses a vast collection of ancient and modern artworks, including works by Pablo Picasso and Georgia O’Keeffe.

Outdoor Recreation

Madison’s natural beauty provides ample opportunities for outdoor recreation. The city is home to the Arboretum, a 1,200-acre botanical garden with native plant species and hiking trails. Lake Mendota, one of the “Four Lakes” of Madison, offers scenic views and is popular for boating, fishing, and swimming. The UW-Madison campus boasts a 1,200-acre arboretum and recreational areas, including the Lakeshore Nature Preserve and the Eagle Heights Woods. Picnic areas, bike paths, and hiking trails are abundant throughout the city, providing residents and visitors with a chance to connect with nature in an urban setting.