Madaba Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Jordan

Summer in Madaba

Madaba experiences sweltering summers from June to September, with average temperatures soaring to 90°F (32°C) during the day and remaining warm at night, around 70°F (21°C). July and August are the hottest months, with temperatures often exceeding 100°F (38°C). Humidity levels are generally low, making the heat more bearable. However, occasional sandstorms can bring dust and reduced visibility. Rainfall is scarce during the summer, with only a few showers possible.

Winter in Madaba

Winters in Madaba are relatively mild, lasting from December to February. Average temperatures range from a brisk 50°F (10°C) during the day to a chilly 35°F (2°C) at night. December and January are the coldest months, with temperatures sometimes dropping below freezing. However, frost and snow are rare. Clear skies dominate the winter months, providing plenty of sunshine. Although rainfall increases slightly during winter, it remains sporadic. Fog and mist are also common, especially in the early morning.

Summary of Average Temperature in Madaba, Jordan

Madaba, located in Jordan, experiences a semi-arid climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average temperature throughout the year varies significantly, from warm temperatures during the spring and fall to scorching heat in the summer and cool evenings in the winter.

Seasonal Variations in Temperature

During the summer months (June to August), Madaba experiences intense heat, with average temperatures reaching up to 32°C (89.6°F). The hot and dry conditions prevalent during this period demand adequate hydration and protection from the sun. In contrast, winter temperatures (December to February) average around 10°C (50°F), with occasional cold spells and frost. Spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) offer more pleasant temperatures, with averages ranging from 15°C (59°F) to 25°C (77°F). These seasons are ideal for outdoor activities and exploration.

Morphology and Classification of Clouds in Madaba, Jordan

Madaba, Jordan experiences a diverse range of cloud formations due to its location in the Mediterranean climate zone. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their fluffy, cotton-like appearance, are common in the summer months. They typically form at low altitudes and can produce showers or thunderstorms. Cirrus clouds, composed of ice crystals, often appear as thin, wispy streaks in the sky. They indicate high altitude and stable atmospheric conditions.

Influences on Cloud Formation and Precipitation

The formation of clouds in Madaba is influenced by several factors, including temperature, humidity, and air movement. Rising warm air cools and condenses, forming clouds. The presence of moisture in the air contributes to cloud formation, while winds can transport moisture and affect the distribution of clouds. The elevation of Madaba, which rises gently to the east, also plays a role in cloud formation as it affects temperature and moisture conditions. Precipitation occurs when clouds become saturated with water droplets or ice crystals and the particles become too heavy to remain suspended in the air.

Precipitation Patterns

Madaba, Jordan, experiences a semi-arid climate characterized by low precipitation throughout the year. The city receives an average of 200-250 mm of rainfall annually, with most precipitation concentrated during the winter months from November to March. Precipitation typically falls as rain, although snowfall can occasionally occur at higher elevations during the winter season.

Summer in Madaba is hot and dry, with little to no rainfall. The hottest months are July and August, with average temperatures reaching around 30°C (86°F). During these months, evaporation exceeds precipitation, resulting in low humidity levels. Winters, on the other hand, are mild but cooler, with average temperatures ranging from 10-15°C (50-59°F). In addition to rainfall, Madaba also receives occasional thunderstorms during the spring and fall seasons. These storms can bring brief but heavy downpours, potentially leading to flash floods.

Annual Rainfall Patterns

Madaba, nestled within Jordan’s semi-arid climatic zone, receives an average of 200mm of rainfall per annum. The majority of this precipitation occurs during the winter months (November to March), with sporadic rainfall during spring and autumn. Summers are typically dry, with negligible precipitation. During the wet season, rainfall is often associated with Mediterranean cyclones, which bring cloudy conditions and showers.

Variability and Extreme Events

Rainfall patterns in Madaba exhibit considerable variability from year to year. Variations in precipitation can be attributed to fluctuations in atmospheric conditions, such as the strength and frequency of the Mediterranean cyclones. Extended periods of drought can occur, particularly during the summer months, leading to water scarcity and agricultural challenges. On the other hand, occasional heavy rainfall events, sometimes associated with thunderstorms, can cause localized flooding and infrastructure damage. These extreme events, while infrequent, highlight the importance of water management and preparedness measures in the region.

Historical Snowfall in Madaba

Madaba, a historic city in Jordan, witnessed a rare and memorable snowfall on the 10th of February 2023. The city, known for its warm and dry climate, transformed into a picturesque winter wonderland as heavy snow blanketed the city’s buildings, streets, and ancient ruins. This unprecedented snowfall, estimated at 12 inches in depth, brought life to a standstill as residents and visitors alike reveled in the wintry spectacle.

Impact and Significance

The snowfall in Madaba had a profound impact on the city and its surroundings. The unanticipated weather conditions disrupted daily routines, with schools and businesses closing and roads becoming impassable. However, the snowfall also brought a sense of joy and wonder to the city. People of all ages ventured outside to capture the breathtaking views, build snowmen, and engage in snowball fights. The snowfall also benefited the local economy as tourists flocked to witness the rare event, providing a welcome boost to businesses and tourism. Moreover, the snowfall has served as a reminder of the ever-changing nature of Jordan’s climate and the importance of adapting to extreme weather conditions.

Sun’s Path in Madaba

Madaba, located in central Jordan, experiences distinct seasonal variations in the sun’s path and duration. During summer months, the sun rises in the northeast and sets in the northwest, providing longer daylight hours and more intense solar radiation. The sun’s position reaches its highest point in the sky during the summer solstice around June 21st, resulting in the longest day of the year. As the seasons progress, the position of the sun shifts towards the south.

Influence on Climate and Agriculture

The sun’s path and duration directly influence Madaba’s climate and agricultural practices. The intense solar radiation during summer months creates hot and dry conditions, with average temperatures often exceeding 30 degrees Celsius. The prolonged daylight hours during this period facilitate photosynthesis and plant growth, making the summer season optimal for agricultural production. In contrast, during winter months, the sun’s path is lower in the sky, resulting in shorter daylight hours and less intense radiation. Consequently, temperatures drop, and precipitation increases, creating a more temperate climate suitable for certain types of winter crops.

The Madaba Map

The Madaba Map is a 6th-century mosaic floor map located in the Greek Orthodox Church of St. George in Madaba, Jordan. It is one of the oldest surviving maps of the Holy Land and depicts the region from Lebanon to Egypt, including Jerusalem, the Jordan River, and the Dead Sea. The map is famous for its intricate details and its depiction of biblical sites, such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the city of Jericho. It is a valuable historical document that provides insights into the geography and religious significance of the Holy Land during the Byzantine period.

Conservation and Restoration

The Madaba Map has undergone several conservation and restoration efforts to preserve its fragile mosaic. In 1964, the mosaic was removed from the church and transported to the nearby Greek Orthodox Patriarchate in Jerusalem for restoration. The conservation team used modern techniques to stabilize the tiles and repair damaged areas. In 2014, the map was reinstalled in the Church of St. George in Madaba, where it continues to attract visitors from around the world. The ongoing conservation efforts aim to ensure the preservation of this iconic masterpiece for future generations.

Humidity in Madaba, Jordan

Madaba, a historic city in central Jordan, generally experiences low humidity levels throughout the year. However, seasonal variations do occur. During the hot summer months from June to September, humidity levels can rise to moderate levels, ranging from 50% to 70%, particularly in the early morning and late evening hours. The high temperatures, reaching up to 35 degrees Celsius, contribute to the increased moisture content in the air.

In contrast, the winter months from November to April bring significantly lower humidity levels to Madaba. During this time, humidity typically remains below 50%, often dropping to as low as 20%. The cool temperatures, averaging around 15 degrees Celsius, create a drier atmosphere. The low humidity levels can sometimes lead to dry skin or irritation of the throat and nasal passages.

General Wind Patterns

Madaba, Jordan experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The prevailing wind direction throughout the year is from the northwest, bringing in cool and moist air from the Mediterranean Sea. During the summer months, the wind speeds are typically light to moderate, providing some relief from the intense heat. However, occasional strong gusts can occur, known as the “Shamal” winds, which originate from the Arabian Desert and can bring in hot, dry air.

Seasonal Variations

In the winter, the wind patterns shift slightly. The prevailing wind direction remains northwesterly, but there is an increased frequency of easterly winds, which bring in cold and dry air from the interior of the Arabian Peninsula. These easterly winds are often associated with dust storms and poor visibility. Additionally, during the spring and fall, Madaba can experience strong winds from the south, which bring in warm and humid air from the Red Sea. These winds are known as the “Khamsin” winds and can sometimes lead to sandstorms.

Best Time to Visit for Ideal Weather

For optimal weather conditions, the best time to visit Madaba is during the shoulder seasons, from April to May or September to October. During this period, the weather is generally mild and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 15°C (59°F) to 25°C (77°F). Rainfall is minimal, allowing for ample sightseeing opportunities without the hindrance of rain. The skies are often clear, providing excellent visibility for enjoying the city’s historical and cultural landmarks.

Best Time for Cultural Events

If your primary interest lies in experiencing Madaba’s vibrant cultural scene, plan your trip around the annual Madaba Mosaic Festival. Held in June, this festival showcases the city’s renowned mosaic art, inviting artisans from around the world to display their creations. The streets transform into a bustling hub of artistic expression, with live music, workshops, and exhibitions bringing the city to life. Other notable cultural events include the Jordan Heritage Festival in October and the Christmas and New Year celebrations, offering unique opportunities to immerse yourself in Jordanian traditions.

Potential and Development

Madaba, Jordan, boasts abundant solar radiation, making it an ideal location for solar energy development. The city receives an average of 320 clear days annually, providing ample opportunities for solar power generation. The Jordanian government has recognized this potential and has set ambitious renewable energy targets, including a significant increase in solar capacity. Several solar photovoltaic (PV) projects have been commissioned in Madaba, with more planned for the future.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite its solar potential, Madaba faces some challenges to solar energy development. One major constraint is the lack of available land for large-scale solar farms. Limited access to water for panel cleaning can also be an issue. Additionally, the relatively low electricity demand in Madaba compared to other regions of Jordan may limit the economic viability of certain solar projects. However, these challenges present opportunities for innovative solutions, such as rooftop PV systems, ground-mounted solar arrays on non-agricultural land, and partnerships with nearby communities to utilize their land.

Topography of Madaba, Jordan

Located in central Jordan, Madaba is characterized by a unique topography that has shaped its history and development. The city lies on the Madaba Plateau, a slightly elevated area that slopes gently from west to east. This plateau is part of the larger Transjordanian Plateau, which stretches across Jordan, Israel, and Palestine. The Madaba Plateau has an average elevation of around 800 meters above sea level and is composed primarily of limestone and chalk. This geological composition has resulted in the formation of numerous caves and underground water sources in the area.

The plateau is interspersed with several valleys and hills, which add to the topographical diversity of Madaba. The most notable valley is the Wadi Hidan, which runs along the southern edge of the plateau and forms a natural boundary between Madaba and the surrounding mountains. The city is also surrounded by several hills, including Mount Nebo to the northwest and Mount Pisgah to the southwest. These hills provide panoramic views of the surrounding area and have been used as strategic military positions throughout history.

Queen Alia International Airport (AMM)

Queen Alia International Airport (AMM), also known as Amman Airport, is the nearest and most convenient airport for Madaba, Jordan. Located approximately 33 kilometers (20 miles) west of Amman, AMM is the primary gateway for both domestic and international flights to and from Jordan. The airport features state-of-the-art facilities, including duty-free shops, restaurants, lounges, and foreign exchange services. It is well-connected to other cities within Jordan, the Middle East, and beyond, with direct flights to major regional hubs such as Dubai, Cairo, and Istanbul. Passengers can also take taxis or arrange airport transfers to reach Madaba, which typically takes around 40-50 minutes depending on traffic.

King Hussein International Airport (AQJ)

King Hussein International Airport (AQJ) in Aqaba, located approximately 260 kilometers (161 miles) south of Madaba, is an alternative option for those traveling to the region. While it is significantly farther from Madaba, it may be a more suitable choice for travelers who are planning to explore the southern part of Jordan, including the city of Aqaba and the Red Sea coast. AQJ primarily handles domestic flights, as well as some seasonal charter flights to international destinations. Passengers can choose to fly into AQJ and then make onward connections to Madaba via domestic flights or ground transportation, which typically takes longer than traveling from AMM. It is essential to consider the additional travel time and costs associated with flying into AQJ before making a decision.

History and Significance

Madaba is an ancient city in Jordan, renowned for its exquisite Byzantine mosaics. The city has been inhabited since the Bronze Age and has played a significant role in the region’s history. Madaba reached its golden age during the 6th century AD under Byzantine rule, becoming a major religious and commercial center. The construction of numerous churches and monasteries adorned with elaborate mosaics during this period cemented Madaba’s reputation as a city of unparalleled artistic and religious importance.

Madaba Mosaic Map

Madaba’s most iconic treasure is the Madaba Mosaic Map, a magnificent 6th-century AD floor mosaic discovered in the Church of St. George. This intricate masterpiece depicts a map of the Middle East, including Jerusalem, the Nile River, and various biblical sites. The map is not only a splendid work of art but also a valuable historical document, providing insights into the geography and topography of the region in ancient times. With its impressive size, intricate details, and vibrant colors, the Madaba Mosaic Map is a testament to the artistic prowess and religious fervor of the Byzantine era.