Lisbon Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Portugal

Summer in Lisbon

Lisbon enjoys a Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers. The average temperature in July and August is a pleasant 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit), with highs reaching up to 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity is relatively low, making the heat bearable. The nights are mild, with temperatures dropping to around 17 degrees Celsius (63 degrees Fahrenheit). Rain is rare during the summer months, with only occasional thunderstorms. The sunshine hours are long, averaging over 10 hours per day.

Winter in Lisbon

The winters in Lisbon are mild and wet. The average temperature in January and February is 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit), with highs reaching up to 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). The nights are cool, with temperatures dropping to around 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity is higher during the winter, and fog is common in the mornings. Rain is more frequent during the winter months, with an average of 10 days of rain per month. The sunshine hours are shorter during the winter, averaging around 5 hours per day.

Summer and Winter Temperatures

Lisbon experiences warm summers and mild winters. During the summer months (June to September), average temperatures range from 22°C (72°F) to 28°C (82°F). August is typically the warmest month, with average temperatures reaching 28°C (82°F). In the winter months (November to February), average temperatures drop to between 13°C (55°F) and 16°C (61°F). January is typically the coldest month, with average temperatures falling to 13°C (55°F).

Rainfall and Humidity

Lisbon has a Mediterranean climate, with most rainfall occurring during the winter months. The average annual rainfall is around 700mm (28 inches). Snowfall is extremely rare, with the last significant snowfall occurring in 1954. Humidity levels in Lisbon are typically moderate, with an average of around 65%. However, during the summer months, humidity levels can rise to 80% or more, making the weather feel more oppressive.

Cloud Coverage and Distribution

Lisbon experiences a range of cloud cover throughout the year, with variations depending on the season and prevailing weather patterns. During the winter months (November to March), cloud cover is more prevalent, with an average cloud cover of around 70-80%. This is due to the influence of Atlantic storms and frontal systems that bring frequent precipitation. In contrast, the summer months (June to September) are characterized by lower cloud cover, typically ranging from 40-60%. The clear skies and sunshine during these months are ideal for outdoor activities and beach vacations.

Cloud Types

The most common cloud type in Lisbon is the cumulus cloud, characterized by its fluffy, cotton-like appearance. Other common cloud types include stratus clouds, which form a flat, gray layer across the sky, and cirrus clouds, which are thin, wispy clouds composed of ice crystals. The appearance and movement of clouds can provide valuable information about upcoming weather conditions. For example, the presence of cumulonimbus clouds often indicates the possibility of thunderstorms, while the arrival of cirrus clouds can signal the approach of a warm front. By observing cloud patterns, residents and visitors can stay informed about the ever-changing weather conditions in Lisbon.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by wet winters and dry summers. The annual precipitation in Lisbon is relatively moderate, averaging around 700-800 millimeters (27-31 inches). The majority of the precipitation occurs during the winter months from October to April, with December and January being the wettest months. During these months, low-pressure systems from the Atlantic Ocean bring frequent rain to the city, often accompanied by strong winds.

Summer Precipitation

Summer precipitation in Lisbon is significantly lower compared to winter. From May to September, the city typically experiences only sporadic showers or light drizzle. However, occasional thunderstorms can occur during the summer months, bringing brief but heavy rainfall. The average humidity levels in Lisbon remain relatively high throughout the year, which can contribute to a feeling of stickiness during the warm summer months. The lack of significant rainfall during this period allows for a prolonged period of sunshine and warm temperatures, attracting visitors to the city for its beaches and outdoor activities.

Average Rainfall in Lisbon

Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. On average, Lisbon receives around 700 mm of rainfall annually. The wettest months are November to March, with an average monthly rainfall exceeding 100 mm. During the summer months, from June to September, rainfall is scarce, with an average of less than 10 mm per month.

Seasonal Variation in Rainfall

The seasonal variation in rainfall in Lisbon is influenced by the city’s location on the Atlantic coast. During the winter months, the Azores High, a high-pressure system in the Atlantic, moves south, allowing moist air from the ocean to reach Lisbon. This results in frequent rainfall, often accompanied by strong winds. In contrast, during the summer months, the Azores High moves north, blocking the entry of moist air from the ocean. As a result, Lisbon experiences prolonged periods of dry weather and high temperatures.

Historical Occurrences

Snowfall in Lisbon, Portugal, is a rare occurrence due to the city’s location on the Atlantic coast, which moderates temperatures. However, historical records indicate that snowfall has been observed on occasion. In 1954, Lisbon experienced its most significant snowfall, with over 10 centimeters of snow accumulating on the ground. Other notable snowfall events occurred in 1983, 1999, and 2005.

Causes and Impacts

When snowfall does occur in Lisbon, it is typically caused by a combination of factors. Atlantic low-pressure systems, known as depressions, can bring cold and moist air to the region. Cold air masses from the north or northeast can also contribute to snowfall. Snowfall in Lisbon can have a significant impact on daily life, disrupting transportation, closing schools, and causing power outages. The rarity of such events often leads to excitement and wonder among the locals.

Average Sunshine Hours

Lisbon, nestled on the Atlantic coast, boasts an enviable climate with an abundance of sunshine throughout the year. On average, the city receives over 3,000 hours of sunshine annually. The summer months are particularly sun-drenched, with July and August averaging over 11 hours of sunshine per day. Even during the cooler months, Lisbon experiences an average of 5-7 hours of sunshine daily, ensuring visitors can enjoy the city’s outdoor attractions year-round.

UV Index and Sun Safety

The sun in Lisbon can be intense, especially during the summer months. The average UV index in Lisbon ranges from 4-7, indicating a moderate to high risk of sunburn. Prolonged exposure to the sun without adequate protection can lead to skin damage, including sunburn and skin cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to take sun safety measures such as wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and seeking shade during the peak sun hours. Sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher is recommended for optimal protection against harmful UV rays.

Moon’s Appearance and Visibility

The moon’s appearance in Lisbon, Portugal, varies throughout the month and year. During a full moon, the entire face of the moon is illuminated, making it appear as a bright disc in the night sky. As the moon progresses through its phases, the illuminated portion gradually decreases, until it reaches the new moon phase, where it is not visible from Earth. The moon’s position in the sky also changes throughout the night, ascending from the horizon in the east and setting in the west.

Cultural Impact

The moon has held cultural significance in Lisbon throughout history. It has been observed and studied by astronomers and navigators, who used its movements to aid in navigation and timekeeping. The moon has also been a source of inspiration for artists and writers, who have depicted it in their works as a symbol of beauty, mystery, and change. In contemporary Lisbon, the moon continues to be a beloved celestial body, inspiring awe and wonder among its inhabitants.

Seasonal Humidity Variation

Lisbon’s humidity levels fluctuate significantly throughout the year. During the cooler months, from November to April, humidity is typically high, with an average relative humidity ranging from 75% to 90%. This is primarily due to the influence of the North Atlantic Ocean, which brings moist air from the west.

In contrast, during the warm summer months, from May to October, humidity decreases noticeably, averaging between 60% and 75%. The higher temperatures, coupled with the dry winds from the east, contribute to this decrease in humidity. However, occasional Atlantic fronts can bring periods of higher humidity during the summer, resulting in sticky and uncomfortable conditions.

Impact on Tourism and Comfort

Lisbon’s humidity affects tourism and the overall comfort of residents and visitors. The high humidity during the winter months can make it unpleasant to be outdoors for extended periods, as it can cause a feeling of dampness and discomfort. This can be especially challenging for tourists visiting during the off-season.

Conversely, the lower humidity during the summer provides a more comfortable climate for outdoor activities and sightseeing. Visitors can enjoy exploring the city’s many attractions without feeling excessively hot or sticky. However, it’s important to note that the sun can be intense during the summer months, so it’s advisable to take precautions and stay hydrated.

Wind Patterns

Lisbon experiences a unique blend of maritime and Mediterranean climate influences, with its wind patterns playing a significant role in shaping its weather. The city is predominantly exposed to gentle westerly winds known as the “Nortada.” These winds originate from the Atlantic Ocean and bring with them moisture and mild temperatures, mitigating the heat during summer months. Additionally, the city’s location at the mouth of the Tagus River creates a channeling effect, intensifying the winds as they pass through the narrow valley. Along the riverfront, these winds can be particularly strong and are often accompanied by a refreshing breeze.

Seasonal Variations

The intensity and direction of the wind in Lisbon vary noticeably throughout the year. During spring and summer, the Nortada is at its strongest, providing welcome relief from the scorching summer sun. However, autumn and winter often bring stronger and less predictable winds from the east and southeast. These winds, known locally as the “Este” and “Sueste,” can be gusty and bring cooler, drier air from mainland Europe. Moreover, during the winter months, Lisbon can experience occasional periods of high winds associated with passing storms, which can result in choppy seas and disrupted ferry services.

Spring (March-May):

Spring in Lisbon is a vibrant and picturesque season. The city awakens from its winter slumber with an explosion of colors as flowers bloom throughout the streets and parks. The weather is pleasantly warm and sunny, with average temperatures ranging from 15 to 20 degrees Celsius (59 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit). This is an ideal time to explore the city’s historic neighborhoods, such as Alfama and Baixa, without the summer crowds. Take a leisurely stroll along the picturesque Tagus River or venture out to the nearby beaches, which start to come alive with activity.

Fall (September-November):

Fall in Lisbon offers a respite from the summer heat and a soothing ambiance for visitors. The temperatures remain comfortable, averaging around 18 to 23 degrees Celsius (64 to 73 degrees Fahrenheit), with occasional showers adding a refreshing touch to the air. The city streets exude a cozy charm, with the fading sunlight casting a golden hue over the terracotta rooftops and cobblestone lanes. This season is perfect for enjoying outdoor activities, such as visiting the Jerónimos Monastery, exploring the vibrant markets of Campo de Ourique, or taking a scenic tram ride through the winding streets. The fall foliage adds a touch of warmth and tranquility to the city’s already picturesque landscape.

Solar Potential

Lisbon, Portugal, enjoys an abundance of sunshine, making it ideal for solar energy production. The city receives an average of 2,800 sunshine hours per year, comparable to other highly insolated locations in Southern Europe. The strong solar radiation and ample clear sky days provide a favorable platform for both photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal installations. The high solar irradiance levels allow for efficient conversion of solar energy into electricity or heat.

Solar Installations and Projects

Lisbon has witnessed significant growth in solar photovoltaic (PV) installations. The city has a combined installed PV capacity of over 100 MW, with solar panels gracing rooftops, carports, and other urban surfaces. Large-scale solar parks have also been developed in the surrounding areas of Lisbon, such as the Sines Solar Farm with a capacity of 120 MW. Additionally, numerous solar thermal projects have been implemented in Lisbon and the wider region for water heating and space heating applications. The city is actively promoting solar energy adoption through incentives, awareness campaigns, and support for research and development in the field.

Lisbon’s Topography: A City of Seven Hills

Lisbon’s topography is characterized by its rolling hills and the presence of the Tagus River. The city is often referred to as the “City of Seven Hills,” a nod to the seven prominent hills that define its landscape. These hills include Alfama, Bairro Alto, Castelo, Graça, Madragoa, Mouraria, and São Vicente. Each hill offers unique views of the city and its surroundings, making Lisbon a picturesque destination.

The Tagus River, a major waterway that flows through the city, has significantly shaped Lisbon’s topography. The river’s banks are lined with flatlands, where the city’s commercial and industrial areas have developed. The river has also played a vital role in the city’s history, with its port serving as a gateway to the Atlantic Ocean and fostering trade and exploration. The Tagus River adds to Lisbon’s charm, providing breathtaking waterfront vistas and opportunities for leisure activities.

Lisbon’s Main Airport: Humberto Delgado Airport

Humberto Delgado Airport, also known as Lisbon Airport, is the primary international airport serving Lisbon, Portugal. Located just 7 kilometers (4 miles) northeast of the city center, it is the busiest airport in the country, handling over 30 million passengers annually. Lisbon Airport is a major hub for TAP Air Portugal, the national carrier of Portugal, and connects Lisbon to destinations throughout Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Asia. The airport is modern and well-equipped, offering a wide range of amenities and services, including duty-free shopping, restaurants, cafes, and currency exchange.

Other Nearby Airports

While Lisbon Airport is the most convenient option for travelers, there are two other airports located within a reasonable distance of Lisbon:

• Cascais Municipal Aerodrome: Located approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) west of Lisbon, Cascais Municipal Aerodrome is a small airport that primarily serves private and charter flights. It is a popular destination for pilots flying out of Lisbon and offers scenic views of the surrounding countryside.
• Beja International Airport: Situated approximately 150 kilometers (93 miles) southeast of Lisbon, Beja International Airport is a military airport that also handles commercial flights. It is a smaller airport than Lisbon Airport, with limited flight options, but it can be a convenient alternative for travelers seeking a more direct connection to some destinations.

Historical Heritage

Lisbon is a city steeped in history, with a rich tapestry woven from its diverse past. From the 8th-century Moorish conquest to the 15th-century Age of Exploration, Lisbon has been a melting pot of cultures and influences. Visitors can explore the remnants of the Moorish occupation in the labyrinthine Alfama district, with its narrow streets and whitewashed houses. The city is also home to impressive monuments like the iconic São Jorge Castle, which offers breathtaking panoramic views of the city and the Tagus River.

Cultural Vibrancy

Lisbon’s cultural scene is electrifying, with something to offer visitors of all ages and interests. The city is renowned for its vibrant music scene, with live performances taking place in numerous bars and clubs throughout the city center. Music lovers can immerse themselves in traditional fado, a melancholic and soulful genre originating from Lisbon. Additionally, Lisbon boasts an array of museums and galleries, showcasing everything from contemporary art to ancient relics. The National Museum of Ancient Art houses an extensive collection of Portuguese and European masterpieces, while the Berardo Collection Contemporary Art Museum features works by world-renowned artists.