Liege Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Belgium

Spring and Summer

Liege’s spring (March-May) brings mild temperatures, averaging between 8-15°C (46-59°F). The weather is generally pleasant, with occasional rain and occasional sunny spells. Summer (June-August) is warm and sunny, with average temperatures ranging from 16-25°C (61-77°F). The skies are often clear, providing ample opportunity for outdoor activities and enjoying the city’s parks and gardens.

Autumn and Winter

Autumn (September-November) in Liege is characterized by gradually decreasing temperatures, averaging between 12-18°C (54-64°F). The weather becomes more unpredictable, with a mix of sunny days, rain, and occasional fog. Winter (December-February) brings cold and overcast weather, with average temperatures hovering around 2-7°C (36-45°F). Snowfall is common, especially in January and February, giving the city a picturesque wintery landscape.

Average Monthly Temperatures

Liège experiences significant seasonal variation in temperature, with mild to warm summers and cool winters. The warmest months are July and August, with average temperatures ranging from 18°C to 20°C (64°F to 68°F). The coldest months are January and February, with average temperatures around 3°C to 5°C (37°F to 41°F).

Yearly Average Temperature

Overall, Liège has a moderate climate, with an annual average temperature of approximately 11°C (52°F). However, it’s important to note that temperature fluctuations can occur due to the city’s proximity to the sea and the influence of the Gulf Stream. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of 800 mm (31.5 inches).

Types and Classification
Clouds play a vital role in the weather and climate of Liège, Belgium. The city experiences various cloud types, influenced by its proximity to the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy, cotton-like appearance, are common and often indicate fair weather. Stratus clouds, on the other hand, appear as a uniform gray layer, covering the sky and sometimes leading to drizzle or light rain. Cumulonimbus clouds are tall, towering clouds with a flat base and a distinctive anvil-shaped top. These clouds are associated with thunderstorms and can bring heavy rain, lightning, and occasionally hail.

Impact on Weather and Climate
Clouds have a significant impact on the weather and climate in Liège. Cirrus clouds, composed of ice crystals, are high-altitude clouds that allow sunlight to pass through, resulting in clear skies. Low-level clouds, such as stratus or cumulus clouds, block sunlight and can lead to overcast conditions. Clouds also play a role in precipitation: cumulus clouds can grow vertically and develop into showers or thunderstorms, while stratus clouds often produce persistent drizzle or light rain. The presence of clouds affects the temperature, as they can insulate the Earth’s surface and prevent heat loss during the night. Additionally, clouds influence humidity levels, as they can contain vast amounts of water vapor, which can condense and release moisture as precipitation.

Annual Precipitation

Liège, Belgium, experiences a temperate oceanic climate with relatively abundant precipitation throughout the year. The city receives an average of 800 mm (31.5 inches) of precipitation annually, distributed fairly evenly across the seasons. The wettest months are December and January, with an average of 85 mm (3.3 inches) of precipitation each, while the driest month is September, with an average of 70 mm (2.8 inches). Precipitation in Liège is often associated with low-pressure systems passing over the North Atlantic, bringing moist air from the ocean.

Seasonality of Precipitation

The seasonality of precipitation in Liège is influenced by the city’s location in the mid-latitudes and by the prevailing weather patterns in the region. During the spring and summer months (March-August), the city experiences slightly drier conditions with more frequent sunny days. However, occasional thunderstorms and showers can occur, especially in the late afternoon or evening. In the fall and winter (September-February), the frequency of precipitation increases, and the city experiences more prolonged periods of rain or drizzle. Snowfall is not uncommon during the winter months, but it typically only accumulates a few centimeters at a time.

Annual Rainfall

Liege, Belgium, experiences a moderate amount of rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of around 800 mm. The rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, with slightly drier months in April and September and wetter months in December and January. However, occasional heavy downpours can occur during the summer months, leading to localized flooding.

Seasonal Variations

The rainfall pattern in Liege is influenced by the city’s location in the temperate climate zone and its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. During the winter months, the prevailing westerly winds bring moisture-laden air from the ocean, resulting in higher rainfall. In contrast, during the summer months, the influence of the Azores High brings drier and more stable weather conditions, leading to lower rainfall. The average monthly rainfall ranges from around 60 mm in April to 100 mm in December.

Historical Snowfall

Liege, Belgium, has historically experienced snowfall during the winter months. In January 1945, the city was hit by a massive snowstorm, with snowdrifts reaching heights of up to two meters. The storm brought chaos and disruption, with roads becoming impassable and public transportation being halted. Similar snowfall occurred in February 1956, with the snowpack measuring over a meter. These extreme events have had a significant impact on the city’s infrastructure and daily life.

Recent Snowfall Trends

In recent decades, snowfall in Liege has become less frequent and less severe. While snow still accumulates during the winter months, it is typically in smaller amounts and for shorter durations. Climate change is likely a contributing factor to this trend, as rising temperatures lead to less precipitation falling as snow and more as rain. Additionally, urban development and the expansion of paved surfaces have reduced the areas where snow can accumulate.

Sun Exposure in Liege, Belgium

Liege, Belgium, experiences significant variation in sunlight exposure throughout the year. During the summer months, from June to August, the city enjoys long days with ample sunshine. The average daily sunshine duration during this period ranges from 6 to 8 hours. However, the winter months, from December to February, are characterized by shorter days and reduced sunlight. The average daily sunshine duration during these months drops to around 2-3 hours.

Factors Affecting Sunlight Exposure

Several factors influence the amount of sunlight exposure in Liege. One key factor is the city’s latitude. Located at 50.6 degrees north, Liege falls within the temperate zone, which receives less direct sunlight compared to regions closer to the equator. Additionally, the city’s geography plays a role. Liege is situated in a valley surrounded by hills, which can block sunlight during certain times of the day. Furthermore, weather patterns, such as cloud cover and precipitation, can impact sunlight exposure.

Moon Phases and Phenomena

The Moon’s phases can be observed from Liege, Belgium, just as they are from any point on Earth. The phases are determined by the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and the Moon. As the Moon orbits the Earth, the illuminated portion of its surface visible from Earth changes. The eight main phases are: new moon, waxing crescent moon, first quarter moon, waxing gibbous moon, full moon, waning gibbous moon, last quarter moon, and waning crescent moon.

In addition to the phases, the Moon can also experience eclipses. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the shadow of the Earth, while a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. From Liege, Belgium, it is possible to witness both lunar and solar eclipses. The last total lunar eclipse visible from Liege occurred on January 21, 2019, while the next one is expected on October 28, 2023. The last total solar eclipse visible from Liege occurred on August 11, 1999, while the next one is expected on September 1, 2091.

Observing the Moon from Liege, Belgium

The Moon is a relatively easy celestial object to observe from Liege, Belgium, as it is often visible to the naked eye. The best time to observe the Moon is during the evening hours, when it is in the eastern sky. Binoculars or a telescope can provide a closer look at the Moon’s surface, revealing craters, mountains, and other features.

There are several places in Liege, Belgium from which to observe the Moon. One option is to visit the Planetarium de Liege, which offers public observing sessions on clear nights. Another option is to visit the rooftop terrace of the Liege Science Park, which offers telescopes and expert guidance for stargazing.

Humidity in Liege, Belgium

Liege, Belgium, experiences a humid temperate climate, characterized by relatively high humidity levels throughout the year. The average relative humidity ranges between 70-85%, with the highest humidity occurring during the winter months, particularly from November to March. This is attributed to the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, which brings moist air into the region.

During the summer months, from June to September, humidity levels tend to be slightly lower, averaging around 60-75%. However, even during these warmer periods, humidity can still be noticeable, especially during the early morning and evening hours. The lower humidity levels in summer are due to the drier air masses that dominate the region during this time.

Wind Speed and Direction in Liege

Liege, Belgium, experiences a temperate oceanic climate influenced by its proximity to the North Sea. The city is characterized by moderate wind speeds throughout the year, averaging around 3-5 meters per second (6-11 miles per hour). The prevailing wind direction is predominantly from the southwest, with occasional shifts to the west or northwest. However, during the summer months, winds from the south and southeast become more frequent. Overall, Liege enjoys a relatively calm wind environment, with strong winds being infrequent.

Seasonal Variations in Wind Patterns

Wind patterns in Liege exhibit subtle variations across the seasons. During the winter months (December to February), winds tend to be stronger and more consistent, with average speeds ranging from 4-6 meters per second (8-13 miles per hour). The prevailing wind direction remains southwesterly, bringing moist and mild air from the Atlantic Ocean. In spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), wind speeds typically decrease, averaging around 3-5 meters per second (6-11 miles per hour). The wind direction becomes more variable, with more frequent shifts to the west and northwest. During the summer months (June to August), wind speeds are generally the weakest, with average speeds ranging from 2-4 meters per second (4-9 miles per hour). Winds from the south and southeast become more common, bringing warm and sometimes humid air from continental Europe.

Best Time to Visit Overall

The ideal time to visit Liège, Belgium, is during the shoulder seasons (April-May and September-October). During these months, the weather is generally pleasant, with mild temperatures and fewer crowds than in the summer. The sun shines brightly, making it perfect for exploring the city’s many attractions, such as the Grand Curtius Museum, the Place du Marché, and the Cathédrale Saint-Paul.

Best Time to Visit for Events

If you’re interested in attending specific events, plan your trip accordingly. Liège hosts several year-round festivals and celebrations, some of which are particularly popular. For example, the annual Liège Festival, held in August, features live music, street performances, and a carnival. The Christmas Market, held in December, is a magical experience with festive decorations, delicious food, and a charming atmosphere.

Solar Potential

Liège, Belgium, boasts ample potential for solar energy utilization. The city enjoys an average of 1,600 sunshine hours annually, providing a reliable source of renewable energy. Moreover, the region’s temperate climate minimizes seasonal fluctuations in solar radiation, ensuring consistent power generation throughout the year. The gently sloping terrain and widespread presence of rooftops and open spaces further enhance the potential for solar installations.

Solar Installations and Policies

To harness this potential, Liège has embraced solar energy with a range of initiatives. The city has implemented feed-in tariffs and other incentives to encourage the installation of photovoltaic systems on residential, commercial, and industrial properties. As a result, numerous solar projects have been undertaken, including the “Solaire de Bressoux” initiative, which involved the installation of photovoltaic panels on the roofs of public buildings and schools. Additionally, the city has established solar farms to further boost renewable energy production. The increasing popularity of solar energy in Liège is a testament to the city’s commitment to sustainability and its recognition of the potential of renewable energy sources.

Regional Landscape

Liège, Belgium, is situated within the Meuse-Rhine Basin, a broad lowland region. The city lies at the confluence of the Meuse and Ourthe rivers, which have shaped its topography. The terrain in the vicinity of Liège is gently rolling, with hills rising to the south and east. To the north, the landscape gradually transitions into the Campine Plain, while to the west, it merges with the Ardennes Forest.

Urban Landscape

Within the urban area of Liège, the topography is influenced by the presence of the two rivers. The city center is located on the left bank of the Meuse River, while the districts of Outremeuse and Saint-Nicolas are situated on the right bank. The rivers are spanned by numerous bridges, connecting the different parts of the city. The terrain within the urban area is generally flat, with the exception of the Citadel of Liège, a historic fortification that sits atop a hill overlooking the city.

Liège Airport (LGG)

Liège Airport (LGG), officially called Liège-Bierset Airport, is the major international airport serving the city of Liège, Belgium. It is situated in the Bierset district, approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) northwest of the city center. The airport is primarily a cargo hub, handling a significant volume of freight from major airlines around the world. However, it also offers passenger services with connections to various European destinations.

Proximity to Liège City

The convenient location of Liège Airport makes it the closest and most accessible option for travelers to reach Liège and its surrounding areas. The airport can be reached easily by car or public transportation, with direct bus services operating between the airport and Liège Guillemins railway station, the main railway hub in the city. The journey from the airport to Liège city center takes approximately 15-20 minutes by car and around half an hour by bus.

History and Culture

Liège, a captivating city in the heart of Belgium, boasts a rich history dating back to the Roman era. Throughout the centuries, it has served as a major religious and cultural hub. The city’s awe-inspiring Gothic architecture, including the magnificent Cathédrale Saint-Paul and the towering Prince-Bishops’ Palace, attests to its architectural heritage. Liège has also been a center of learning, with its renowned university and museums, including the Musée des Beaux-Arts and the Musée de l’Art Wallon. Additionally, the city is famous for its vibrant arts and culture scene, hosting numerous festivals and events throughout the year.

Industry and Economy

Liège has long been a significant industrial center. In the 19th century, it emerged as a hub for coal mining and steel production, giving rise to the city’s industrial legacy. Today, Liège remains a thriving economic center, transitioning from heavy industry to modern sectors such as technology, biotechnology, and logistics. The city is home to several leading universities and research institutions, which contribute to innovation and stimulate economic growth. Moreover, Liège’s strategic location at the crossroads of major European trade routes has made it an important transportation and logistics hub, further bolstering its economic prowess.