Leiria Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Portugal

Summer in Leiria

Leiria enjoys a temperate Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. During the summer months, temperatures average between 23°C (73°F) and 28°C (82°F), with little precipitation. The sun shines an average of 10 hours per day, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and beach time. The warmest months are July and August, when temperatures can exceed 30°C (86°F).

Winter in Leiria

In contrast to the warm summers, winters in Leiria are mild and rainy. Temperatures typically range from 8°C (46°F) to 15°C (59°F), with occasional rainfall. The coldest month is January, when average temperatures drop to around 5°C (41°F). While snow is rare, frost is not uncommon during the winter months. The average precipitation during winter is significantly higher than in summer, with an average of 8 days of rain per month.

Average Temperature in Leiria, Portugal

Leiria, a city in central Portugal, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average annual temperature in Leiria is 14.9°C (58.8°F), with a significant difference between summer and winter temperatures.

During the summer months from June to September, the average temperature in Leiria ranges from 20°C (68°F) to 29°C (84°F). The hottest month is typically August, with an average high of 29°C (84°F) and an average low of 17°C (63°F). Summer days are often sunny and clear, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and beach vacations.

In the winter months from December to February, the average temperature in Leiria drops significantly, ranging from 7°C (45°F) to 15°C (59°F). The coldest month is January, with an average low of 7°C (45°F) and an average high of 12°C (54°F). Winter precipitation is common, with January and February being the wettest months. While it rarely snows in Leiria, occasional frosts and chilly winds can occur during the colder months.

Cloud Types and Patterns
Leiria, Portugal, experiences a diverse range of cloud types and patterns due to its location between the Atlantic Ocean and the Serra da Estrela mountains. Cumulus clouds are common during fair weather, appearing as puffy cotton balls in the sky. Cirrus clouds, wispy and high in the atmosphere, indicate fair weather. On the other hand, nimbostratus clouds bring rain and overcast skies. In the summer, towering cumulonimbus clouds can produce thunderstorms.

Cloud Cover and Sunshine
Leiria typically has moderate cloud cover throughout the year, with clear days most prevalent in the summer. During the winter months, cloud cover increases, resulting in a higher probability of rain. In January, the cloudiest month, Leiria receives an average of only 3.5 hours of sunshine per day. In contrast, July, the sunniest month, boasts an average of 10 hours of sunshine per day. The transitional months of spring and autumn offer a mix of cloudy and clear days, providing a diverse range of weather conditions.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Leiria, Portugal, experiences distinct seasonal precipitation patterns influenced by its location within the Mediterranean climate zone. During the summer months (June to September), precipitation is scarce, with an average of less than 20 mm per month. This period is characterized by hot, dry conditions and minimal rainfall.

In contrast, the winter months (December to February) bring significantly higher precipitation, with monthly averages exceeding 80 mm. The region experiences frequent rainstorms and occasional thunderstorms during this period. The rainy season plays a crucial role in replenishing water resources and supporting agricultural activities.

Annual Precipitation and Variability

Leiria’s annual precipitation varies significantly from year to year, but the average annual rainfall is approximately 760 mm. However, the city has experienced periods of both extreme drought and heavy rainfall. For instance, in 2017, the region faced a severe drought with annual precipitation of only 420 mm, while in 2019 it received an exceptional 1,200 mm of rain. These variations are attributed to fluctuations in atmospheric circulation patterns and climate change.

Rainfall Patterns

Leiria, Portugal, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Rainfall is distributed unevenly throughout the year, with most precipitation occurring during the winter months from October to March. During this period, the city receives an average of 800 millimeters of rainfall, accounting for approximately 75% of the annual total. In contrast, the summer months from June to September are typically dry, with rainfall averaging less than 100 millimeters. The city experiences an average of 100 rainy days per year, with January being the wettest month and July being the driest.

Rainfall Variability

The amount of rainfall in Leiria can vary significantly from year to year. In wet years, the city may receive as much as 1,200 millimeters of rainfall, while in dry years, it may receive as little as 600 millimeters. This variability is influenced by several factors, including the strength of the Azores High pressure system in the North Atlantic and the position of the jet stream. During wet years, the Azores High is weaker, allowing moist air from the Atlantic Ocean to reach Leiria. Conversely, during dry years, the Azores High is stronger, blocking moisture from reaching the city.

Historical Occurrence of Snowfall in Leiria

Snowfall is a rare occurrence in the coastal city of Leiria, Portugal, due to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the influence of the North Atlantic Current. However, historical records indicate that snow has fallen in Leiria on a few isolated occasions. In January 1963, a significant snowfall event occurred, with up to 10 centimeters of snow accumulating in the city. This event was particularly noteworthy as it was accompanied by a cold spell that lasted for several days.

Recent Snowfall Event

On January 8, 2023, Leiria experienced another snowfall event, the first in over 60 years. The snowfall began early in the morning and continued throughout the day, accumulating up to 5 centimeters of snow in some areas. The event caused widespread disruption, as roads became impassable and schools and businesses were closed. The snowfall also led to power outages in some parts of the city. While the snow melted within a few days, the event was a reminder of the potential for snowfall in Leiria, albeit rare.

Average Sunshine Duration

Leiria, a picturesque city in central Portugal, boasts an enviable amount of sunshine throughout the year. On average, the city experiences approximately 2,800 hours of bright sunshine annually, a testament to its favorable coastal location. During the summer months, from June to September, Leiria revels in long, sun-drenched days, with an average of 10-12 hours of sunshine per day. Even in the cooler winter months, the city enjoys an average of 4-6 hours of sunshine each day, providing ample opportunity to appreciate the city’s historical and natural beauty.

Seasonal Variation

While Leiria enjoys abundant sunshine throughout the year, the duration and intensity of sunlight vary with the seasons. The summer months, from June to September, are the sunniest time of year, with the longest days and the highest average temperatures. During this period, Leiria is bathed in approximately 10-12 hours of sunshine a day, allowing visitors and locals alike to make the most of the outdoors. In contrast, the winter months, from December to February, are characterized by shorter days and less sunshine. However, even during this time, Leiria typically experiences an average of 4-6 hours of sunshine per day, providing ample opportunity to explore the city’s cultural and historical attractions.

Mythology and Folklore

In Leiria, Portugal, the moon holds significant mythological and folkloric importance. According to local lore, the city was founded by unknown settlers who arrived from the sea under the guidance of a moonlit path. The moon is also believed to possess magical powers, with its phases influencing human behavior and events. It is said that those born under a full moon will have good fortune, while those born under a new moon will face misfortune.

Cultural Significance

The moon features prominently in Leiria’s cultural traditions. The annual “Moon Night Festival” (Noite da Lua) is a major event that celebrates the moon’s cultural significance. The festival features live music, dance performances, and art exhibitions, all illuminated by the皎洁的月光. The moon also plays a role in local music and literature, with songs and poems dedicated to its beauty and influence.

Humidity Trends in Leiria, Portugal

Leiria, Portugal experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The relative humidity levels vary throughout the year, influenced by factors such as temperature, precipitation, and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean.

During the summer months (June to September), the average relative humidity in Leiria remains relatively low, ranging between 50% and 65%. The hot and dry conditions result in low levels of atmospheric moisture, making the air feel less humid and more comfortable. However, the coastal influence can sometimes lead to higher humidity levels near the ocean.

In contrast, the winter months (December to February) witness a significant increase in humidity. The average relative humidity during this period typically reaches 70% to 80%. As temperatures drop and precipitation increases, the atmosphere becomes more saturated with moisture, resulting in higher humidity levels. This can lead to a damp and uncomfortable environment, especially indoors.

Wind Patterns and Characteristics

Leiria, Portugal is characterized by a temperate climate with distinct seasonal wind patterns. During the winter months (October to March), prevailing winds come from the north and northeast, bringing cool and humid air masses. These winds can be strong, often reaching speeds of 20-30 kilometers per hour (12-19 miles per hour). Conversely, in the summer months (April to September), predominant winds shift to a southwesterly direction, carrying warm and dry air from the Azores archipelago. Summer winds are generally lighter, averaging around 10-20 kilometers per hour (6-12 miles per hour).

Impact of Wind on Local Life and Environment

Wind plays a significant role in shaping the landscape and ecology of Leiria. The strong northerly winds during winter can cause erosion of coastal dunes and beaches, while the warm southwesterly winds in summer promote the growth of Mediterranean vegetation, including evergreen oaks and pine trees. Additionally, wind energy has been harnessed in the region, with numerous wind farms located along the coast and inland. These wind farms contribute to Portugal’s renewable energy production and help reduce the country’s carbon footprint.

Summer (June-August)

Summer in Leiria offers warm and sunny weather, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and exploring the city’s surroundings. Temperatures average between 20°C and 30°C, providing comfortable conditions for strolling through the historic center, soaking up the sun at Praia da Vieira, or venturing into the nearby Serra da Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park for scenic hikes. Leiria’s annual Feira de Leiria, a bustling fair featuring live music, traditional crafts, and local cuisine, takes place in August, offering a vibrant and festive atmosphere.

Spring and Fall (April-May and September-October)

Spring and fall are also pleasant seasons to visit Leiria, offering milder temperatures and fewer crowds. The weather during these months typically ranges between 15°C and 25°C, making it suitable for enjoying the city’s parks and gardens in full bloom, exploring the historic Castle of Leiria, or participating in outdoor events such as the Leiria Jazz Festival in September. These seasons provide a balance of warm and cool weather, allowing visitors to comfortably explore the region’s natural and cultural attractions.

Solar Energy Potential in Leiria

Leiria, a city in central Portugal, boasts significant potential for solar energy utilization. The region experiences an average of 2,800 sunshine hours annually, making it an ideal location for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Furthermore, Leiria has a relatively high solar radiation level, reaching approximately 1,500 kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m²) per year. These favorable conditions indicate that solar energy could play a substantial role in meeting the city’s electricity needs.

Benefits of Solar Energy in Leiria

Harnessing solar energy in Leiria offers numerous benefits. Firstly, it can contribute to reducing the city’s carbon footprint by displacing fossil fuels for electricity generation. Solar PV systems are a clean source of energy, producing electricity without greenhouse gas emissions. Secondly, solar energy can provide significant cost savings for both residential and commercial consumers. By generating their electricity on-site, property owners can reduce their dependence on the grid and lower their energy bills. Additionally, solar installations can enhance the value of properties and support the creation of local jobs in the renewable energy sector.

Coastal and Dune Landscapes

The coastline of Leiria extends approximately 20 kilometers, predominantly characterized by sandy beaches. These beaches feature impressive dune systems, particularly those at São Pedro de Moel and Nazaré. The high cliffs at Nazaré, known as Sítio da Nazaré, are a notable coastal landmark. The area also boasts several lagoons, such as the Lagoa da Ervideira, which are surrounded by rich vegetation and provide shelter to diverse wildlife.

Elevations and Vegetation

The topography of Leiria’s interior is predominantly hilly, with elevations ranging from sea level to over 500 meters above sea level. The Serra da Boa Viagem is the highest point in the region, rising to 531 meters. The landscape is covered by Mediterranean forests, primarily comprised of pine, cork, and eucalyptus trees. In the lower-lying areas, there are also significant grasslands and agricultural fields, where crops such as wheat, maize, and vineyards are cultivated. The region’s diverse vegetation contributes to its rich biodiversity, providing habitats for numerous animal and plant species.

Lisbon Airport (LIS)

Located approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) south of Leiria, Lisbon Airport (LIS) is the nearest major airport to the city. It offers a wide range of domestic and international connections, making it a convenient gateway to and from Leiria. The airport features modern facilities, including duty-free shopping, restaurants, and lounges. Transportation options from the airport to Leiria include rental cars, taxis, and buses. The trip typically takes around 1 hour and 15 minutes by car or такси.

Porto Airport (OPO)

Porto Airport (OPO) is the second-nearest airport to Leiria, located about 150 kilometers (93 miles) to the north. It is a major hub for low-cost airlines, offering a wide range of direct flights to destinations across Europe. The airport provides similar amenities to Lisbon Airport, including duty-free shopping, dining options, and transportation services. From Porto Airport, the journey to Leiria by car or taxi takes approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.

History and Culture

Leiria, a charming city in central Portugal, boasts a rich history dating back to the Roman era. As the former capital of the region, it was once home to the famed Leiria Castle, built by King Dinis I in the 13th century. Today, the castle serves as a testament to Leiria’s medieval legacy, offering panoramic views of the city and surrounding countryside. The city is also renowned for its ceramics, with a long-standing tradition of producing high-quality pottery and azulejos (decorative tiles). Visitors can explore the Rua Direita, where numerous artisan shops showcase their exquisite creations.

Nature and Recreation

Leiria is surrounded by stunning natural landscapes, including the Leiria pine forest and the Lis River. The forest, which covers over 10,000 hectares, provides a tranquil haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering opportunities for hiking, cycling, and picnicking. The Lis River, meanwhile, meanders through the city, creating picturesque vistas and providing a popular spot for fishing and boating. For those seeking adventure, the nearby São Mamede Natural Park offers breathtaking views, hiking trails, and the renowned Pedra Furada, a natural rock formation that resembles a giant mushroom. Leiria also boasts several beaches within easy reach, such as the Praia da Vieira and Praia do Pedrógão, where visitors can enjoy sunbathing, swimming, and surfing.