Kermanshah Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Iran

Summer in Kermanshah, Iran

The summer months in Kermanshah, Iran, typically span from June to September. During this period, the city experiences hot and dry weather, with average temperatures ranging from 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F). The hottest month is usually July, where temperatures can soar up to 40°C (104°F). Precipitation is scarce during the summer, with an average of only a few millimeters of rain per month. The skies are often clear, providing plenty of sunshine for outdoor activities.

Winter in Kermanshah, Iran

The winter months in Kermanshah, Iran, run from December to February. During this time, the city experiences cold and snowy weather, with average temperatures ranging from 0°C to 10°C (32°F to 50°F). The coldest month is usually January, where temperatures can drop below freezing. Snowfall is common during the winter, and the city can experience heavy snowstorms. Precipitation is also higher during the winter months, with an average of around 70mm of rainfall or snowfall per month.

Average Temperature in Kermanshah, Iran

Kermanshah, located in western Iran, experiences significant temperature variations throughout the year due to its geographic location and topography. The city has a continental climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. In July, the average maximum temperature reaches a peak of 34.4°C (93.9°F), while the average minimum temperature drops to a low of 20°C (68°F). The intense sunlight and lack of rainfall during this period create arid conditions.

During the winter months, temperatures plummet, with January recording an average maximum of 6.6°C (43.9°F) and an average minimum of -1.1°C (30°F). Snowfall is common during this season, particularly at higher elevations. The city’s proximity to the Zagros Mountains contributes to the cold, snowy conditions, with the mountains acting as a barrier to warm air from the Persian Gulf. Overall, Kermanshah’s average temperature is influenced by its unique location, which experiences both extreme heat and cold throughout the year.

Cloud Types and Characteristics

Kermanshah, Iran, experiences a variety of cloud types due to its diverse climate and geographical location. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy, cotton-like appearance, are common during summer afternoons. These clouds often appear isolated or in small groups, and they can produce light rain or snow. Stratus clouds, on the other hand, form a uniform gray layer that covers the entire sky, resulting in overcast weather conditions. They typically produce drizzle or light rain and are most frequent during the winter months. Cirrus clouds, composed of ice crystals, are thin and wispy, and they usually appear at high altitudes. These clouds are often associated with fair weather and have a cirrocumulus or cirrostratus appearance.

Seasonal Variations and Impacts on Weather

The cloud patterns in Kermanshah exhibit seasonal variations. During spring and early summer, cumulus clouds dominate the sky, providing shade from the sun and occasional rain. In the summer, towering cumulonimbus clouds release heavy downpours, often accompanied by thunderstorms. The autumn months bring an increase in stratus clouds, which can lead to prolonged periods of drizzle or light rain. Winter brings a mix of cloud types, including stratus and cirrus, which influence the temperature and precipitation patterns. The presence of clouds plays a crucial role in regulating temperatures, as they absorb solar energy and prevent excessive heating during the day, while also insulating the Earth’s surface and reducing heat loss at night.

Climatic Conditions and Precipitation Patterns

Kermanshah experiences a continental climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and cold, wet winters. Precipitation in Kermanshah is highly seasonal, with the majority falling during the winter and spring months. The city receives an average annual precipitation of 450 mm (18 inches), with January and February being the wettest months. During these months, precipitation often occurs in the form of rain or snow.

Impact on Agriculture and Water Resources

Precipitation plays a vital role in supporting agriculture in Kermanshah. The city primarily produces wheat, barley, and other grains. Sufficient rainfall during the growing season is essential for crop growth and yield. The timing of precipitation is also crucial, as excessive rainfall during the harvest season can damage crops and lead to economic losses. Kermanshah also relies on precipitation to replenish its water resources. Rain and snowmelt contribute to the city’s groundwater aquifers, which are the primary source of drinking water for its population.

Precipitation Patterns

Kermanshah experiences a semi-arid climate with distinct seasonal precipitation patterns. During the winter months (November to April), the region receives the bulk of its rainfall due to mid-latitude cyclones and frontal systems originating from the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. These storms bring intermittent but intense rainfall events, often accompanied by thunderstorms and occasional snowfall. In contrast, during the summer months (May to October), rainfall is scarce, and extended periods of drought are common.

Regional Variation and Impacts

Rainfall distribution within Kermanshah varies significantly due to its complex topography. The mountainous western regions receive higher precipitation than the eastern plains. This variation affects the vegetation and agricultural practices across the province. In areas with ample rainfall, agriculture thrives, and lush green pastures support livestock grazing. However, in drier regions, the lack of water resources has historically hampered agricultural development and contributed to soil degradation and desertification.

Impact on Transportation and Infrastructure

The heavy snowfall in Kermanshah, Iran has significantly impacted transportation and infrastructure. Roads have become impassable, causing severe traffic disruptions. Many vehicles have been stranded, and emergency services are struggling to reach those in need. Public transportation has been suspended, leaving residents stranded and unable to reach essential destinations. The snowfall has also damaged power lines and other infrastructure, leading to power outages and disruptions to communication systems. The ongoing snowfall poses a continued threat to critical infrastructure, and efforts are ongoing to clear roads, restore power, and mitigate the impact on transportation and essential services.

Emergency Response and Safety Concerns

In response to the heavy snowfall in Kermanshah, Iran, emergency services are working tirelessly to assist stranded residents and address safety concerns. Local authorities have established shelters and distribution centers to provide food, water, and medical assistance to those affected by the storm. Search and rescue teams are conducting operations to locate and assist stranded motorists and residents in remote areas. Medical personnel are on standby to treat those injured by the cold or hazardous conditions. The Iranian Red Crescent Society and other humanitarian organizations are also playing a vital role in providing support and assistance to those in need. However, the ongoing snowfall and hazardous road conditions continue to hinder emergency response efforts, and additional resources are being mobilized to ensure the safety of residents and provide essential services.

Climate of Kermanshah

Kermanshah enjoys a temperate continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. The city experiences four distinct seasons, with spring and autumn being particularly pleasant. Summers in Kermanshah are typically hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 35 degrees Celsius. Winters, on the other hand, are cold and snowy, with temperatures dropping below freezing. The city experiences moderate rainfall throughout the year, with the heaviest precipitation occurring in the spring.

Sun Exposure in Kermanshah

Kermanshah receives ample sunshine throughout the year, with an average of over 2,700 hours of sunshine per year. The city benefits from clear skies for much of the year, particularly during the summer months. The high levels of solar radiation make Kermanshah an ideal location for harnessing solar energy. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in solar power in the city, with several projects underway to develop and implement solar power systems. The city government has also recognized the potential of solar energy and is providing incentives to encourage the adoption of solar technologies.

Moon Viewing in Kermanshah

Kermanshah, a city nestled in western Iran, offers an enchanting spectacle for stargazers. The clear skies and minimal light pollution provide an ideal setting for moon observation. The full moon, in particular, paints an ethereal glow across the cityscape. As darkness envelops Kermanshah, the moon illuminates the ancient ruins of Taq Bostan and the towering Mount Parau, creating a captivating blend of history and nature.

Moon Phases and Cultural Significance

The moon’s progression through its phases holds cultural significance in Kermanshah. New moons mark the beginning of Islamic months, while full moons signify festivals and celebrations. During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims gather under the moonlight for evening prayers and feasts. The full moon is also celebrated as “Mah-e Mehr” (Moon of Love) in Kurdish culture, fostering a spirit of romance and community. Locals gather in parks and rooftops to enjoy the celestial radiance, sharing traditional sweets and exchanging stories.

Humidity Patterns and Climate Influence

Kermanshah, situated within the mountainous region of western Iran, experiences varying humidity levels throughout the year. Summers are typically dry and hot, with relative humidity levels averaging between 25% to 35%. The arid nature of this season results from the dominance of continental air masses and the absence of significant moisture sources nearby.

Conversely, during winter, when the influence of the Mediterranean Sea becomes more pronounced, humidity levels increase. The influx of moist air from the west leads to relatively higher humidity values, ranging from 45% to 60%. The mountainous terrain surrounding Kermanshah further contributes to increased humidity by trapping moisture and fostering cloud formation.

Impact on Human Comfort and Health

Fluctuating humidity levels in Kermanshah can affect human comfort and perceived temperature. During summer, low humidity levels can lead to increased evaporation of sweat, providing a cooling effect. However, prolonged exposure to extremely low humidity can cause skin irritation and respiratory discomfort. In contrast, high humidity during winter can make outdoor activities less enjoyable and may contribute to feelings of fatigue and malaise. Additionally, increased moisture in the air can provide a favorable environment for dust particles and allergens, potentially exacerbating respiratory conditions for sensitive individuals.

Seasonal Variations

Kermanshah’s wind patterns vary significantly throughout the year. During the warm months, from April to October, westerly winds dominate, bringing warm and dry air from the Arabian Peninsula. These winds tend to be strong and can lead to dust storms. In contrast, the winter months (November to March) are characterized by easterly winds, which originate from the Caspian Sea and bring cooler, wetter air. These winds can be particularly strong in the mountainous regions of Kermanshah and can cause snowstorms.

Effects on Climate

The prevailing winds in Kermanshah play a crucial role in shaping the city’s climate. The strong westerly winds during the summer help to moderate the heat, while the easterly winds in winter bring precipitation and snowfall. The city’s average annual precipitation is around 500 mm, much of which falls during the winter months. The wind also influences the distribution of vegetation in the region, with wind-resistant trees and shrubs dominating the landscape. Furthermore, the wind can have an impact on air quality, as it can transport pollutants from nearby industrial areas or agricultural regions.

Spring (March-April):

Spring in Kermanshah is characterized by pleasant weather with mild temperatures ranging from 55°F to 75°F. The days are generally sunny, with occasional rain showers. The vibrant greenery and blooming flowers create a picturesque backdrop for exploring the city’s historical sites. The warm weather makes it ideal for hiking, cycling, and picnicking in the surrounding natural landscapes. Festivals and cultural events, such as the traditional Norooz celebration, add to the lively atmosphere during this season.

Autumn (September-October):

Autumn offers an equally inviting season in Kermanshah. The temperatures gradually cool down, ranging from 45°F to 70°F. The skies remain mostly clear, with occasional clouds. The autumn foliage transforms the city into a tapestry of warm hues, creating a stunning backdrop for photography and scenic walks. Cultural attractions like the Taqiyeh Biglari Tomb and Bisotun offer a rich historical experience, while outdoor activities such as horseback riding and visiting mountain springs provide opportunities to connect with nature’s beauty.

Potential of Solar Energy in Kermanshah

Kermanshah, with its abundant sunshine, offers significant potential for solar energy development. The province experiences an average of 2,800 sunshine hours per year, making it one of the most solar-rich regions in Iran. This abundant solar radiation creates favorable conditions for photovoltaic (PV) systems and other solar technologies. The provincial government has recognized this potential, setting ambitious goals to increase solar energy utilization.

Challenges and Opportunities

While Kermanshah has a significant solar energy potential, there are also challenges to overcome. One challenge is the high upfront costs associated with solar PV systems. To address this, financial incentives, such as low-interest loans and tax credits, are being implemented to encourage investment. Additionally, the relatively low electricity grid connectivity rates in remote parts of Kermanshah pose a challenge. However, this presents an opportunity for distributed solar PV systems, which can provide electricity to off-grid or low-grid areas. By addressing these challenges and leveraging the province’s solar potential, Kermanshah can transition to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

Mountains and Valleys

Kermanshah, situated in western Iran, boasts a captivating topography characterized by towering mountains and verdant valleys. The majestic Zagros Mountains, a formidable chain stretching across the province, dominate the landscape. Their rugged peaks, often blanketed in snow during winter, rise up to impressive heights, including Kuh-e Shah (3,399 m) and Kuh-e Sahneh (3,577 m). Nestled between these mountain ranges, fertile valleys provide a stark contrast. The Kangavar Valley, known for its lush meadows and abundant water sources, is a verdant haven amidst the mountainous terrain.

Plateaus and Plains

Kermanshah’s topography also encompasses vast plateaus and extensive plains. The Kermanshah Plateau, located in the central region of the province, is a high-altitude, arid zone punctuated by scattered hills. Its barren landscape is dotted with salt flats, a testament to the region’s arid climate. In contrast, the Dasht-e Qahreman Plain, located in the south, is a fertile agricultural area. Its flat terrain, abundant water resources, and fertile soils support a thriving agricultural industry, making it a key contributor to the province’s economy.

Kermanshah Airport (KSH)

Kermanshah Airport (IATA: KSH, ICAO: OIKB) serves the city of Kermanshah, located in western Iran. It is situated approximately 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) southeast of the city center. The airport has a single asphalt runway, designated 17/35, which measures 2,990 meters (9,806 feet) in length and 45 meters (148 feet) in width.

Kermanshah Airport serves as a hub for Mahan Air and Iran Air, and offers domestic flights to several major cities in Iran, including Tehran, Shiraz, and Mashhad. The airport also handles a limited number of international flights, with destinations including Istanbul, Baghdad, and Erbil. The airport has a modern terminal building with a capacity of approximately 500,000 passengers per year. It offers a range of amenities, including duty-free shops, currency exchange, and car rental services.

Economy and Industry

Kermanshah’s economy revolves around agriculture, including the cultivation of wheat, barley, rice, and fruits such as apples, pears, and grapes. The city is also known for its livestock and dairy products. In recent years, Kermanshah has witnessed the development of its industrial sector, with the establishment of the Kermanshah Industrial Zone. Key industries include petrochemicals, steel, and food processing. The city is strategically located along the Baghdad-Tehran Highway, facilitating trade and transportation.

Culture and Tourism

Kermanshah is home to a rich cultural heritage, with influences from both Persian and Kurdish traditions. The city is renowned for its vibrant music and dance, particularly the Kurdish Halparke dance. Kermanshah boasts several historical and cultural attractions, including the Taq-e Bostan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which features intricate rock reliefs depicting scenes from Sassanid history. Other notable sites include the Kermanshah Grand Bazaar, a bustling marketplace with traditional architecture and handicrafts. The city’s hospitable ambiance and welcoming people make it an attractive destination for tourists seeking a unique and immersive cultural experience.